scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI ZAKAT UNTUK GOLONGAN FAQIR UZUR PADA LEMBAGABAITUL MAL DI ACEH

Author(s):  
. Ida Friatna

This is an obligation to a certain Muslim who meet the requirement to pay zaka. In the other side, the government needs to operate an authorized institution to manage this kind of alms, including infaq and other Muslim’s alms. Int this case, the government of Aceh has established a kind of Islamic treasury office named Baitul Mal which mandated to preserve, manage, and develop the zaka, infaq, waqf, and other alms in Islam, including the preservation of Islamic custody. This study examines the zaka distribution by Baitul Mal office to the old poor beneficiary group. Islam basically distinguishes between miskin and faqir based on their different level, where the faqr is they are in a poorer condition. Currently, the Baitul Mal office separates the poor group into two types, namely the old poor (Faqir uzur) and the normal poor (Non-old faqir). The old poor is defined as people with old age, long sickness, and permanent disable, or with other condition they become not productive. The catagorization has consequences to the distribution portion. The Baitul Mal decided monthly consumptive distribution to the old poor group and to the normal poor is also giving incidentally by the consumptive method. This arrangement is aimed to be a guidance for all the Baitul Mal around the regencies level in targeting those types of faqr. So, here are main questions why do the Baitul Mal make this distinction and what is the impact to both type of faqr life. This study found that the Baitul mal wanted to be committed to elevating the faqr life through zaka distribution, especially to the faqr uzur that considered unproductive people and the distribution was chosen by consumptive way. This study learned that the Baitul Mal also considered to distributing part of zaka productively. The study uses the literatures and also the Baitul Mal official data.Keywords: zaka distribution, faqr uzur, Baitul Mal

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selden D. Bacon

This article is concerned with the overlapping of two phe nomena, each of which can occur independently of the other. The first is deviation from the specific social custom of drinking. The second, crime, refers to a class of deviations from many different customs of a society—deviations possessing one unique attribute in common, that of eliciting purposeful, negative sanc tions by the government. General knowledge about deviation from custom and about the impact of alcohol upon human behavior must be combined with an understanding of each of these two categories of deviance in order to assess the overlap.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Qu (熊曲) ◽  
Song Shaohua (宋少華)

This paper reconstructs two documents from the Three Kingdoms state of Wu unearthed at Zoumalou, Changsha, based on archaeological information as well as the form and contents of the excavated slips and tablets. The documents are registers of the state loaning seed grain to commoners: one type are “registers of grain loans,” while the other are “registers of seed grain loans from the Jiahe 3rd year.” Based on this reconstruction, we show that the standard unit to which the government loaned seed was the household, that the purpose was emergency relief of the poor, and that people received more grain than they needed for seed and were then able to eat some of it. 根據考古信息、簡牘形制及其內容,本文嘗試復原了走馬樓吳簡中的兩個官府種糧給貸簿書——出禾給貸簿和嘉禾三年種糧給貸簿。并由此認爲,官府借貸種糧以一户爲標準,以救濟貧民爲目的,但種糧的用途除了耕種外,也會用於口糧。


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Tahira ◽  
◽  
Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽  

Poor and non-poor groups from two flood-prone villages in central Thailand were compared following the flood of 2011. The results showed that the damage/income ratio was higher among persons in the poor group living in old, high-pillared houses near the river. Although this group was not as well prepared and experienced less damage than the non-poor group, they had fewer resources for recovery. The study examined household history, networks, and socio-economic status, as well as the local history. The poor group’s socio-economic characteristics may limit their capacity to resettle, as they have lived in the flood-prone area for generations. Proposals to address this included improving dykes and early warning systems as well as offering compensation for lost earnings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basit Ali ◽  
Muhammad Irfan

AbstractThe Government of Pakistan introduced smoking ordinance about health warning in 2009. This ordinance exhibits, prohibit smoking in public places, put restrictions on advertisements, and prohibits sale of cigarettes to minors. This study is to find out the impact of smoking expenditures on food, health, educational, recreational, and electronic expenditures using HIES dataset for 2010–11 and 2015–16. The findings show that share of food and health expenditure increase by 91 and 92% respectively. On the other hand, education and recreation expenditure decrease by 6 and 98% respectively. This is further verified using SUEST test to compare two datasets regressions. The result reveals that food, health, and recreational coefficient are statistically different while education and electronics expenditure remain similar.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Syed Fadhil Hanafi Syed A. Rahman

Constitutionalism dictates that the government must only act within the four walls of the constitution. While adherence to this fundamental doctrine is proven to be difficult, it becomes more complicated when the walls are unclear. For decades, Malaysians struggle to ascertain the actual legal value of religion, particularly Islam, in its Federal Constitution and the impact of religion to the Malaysian legal system. Some opined that secularism is a basic structure of the Malaysian Federal Constitution and in the name of constitutionalism, religious laws cannot be the basis for administration of public law and must be confined to personal law matters. On the other hand, some opined that Islam constitutes a salient feature of the Constitution and the position of Islam as the religion of the Federation implies Malaysia as an Islamic state. This paper analyses the conflicting views, via qualitative studies of constitutional provisions which have religious element in the light of their history, together with relevant case laws which interpreted them. The analysis is done with a view to determine whether the Malaysian Federal Constitution is a secular instrument creating a secular state or a religious document establishing a theocratic state. From such analysis, the author presents that the Malaysian Federal Constitution, albeit giving special preference to Islam, is a religion-neutral document which is receptive to both religious and secular laws. This is based on the fact that the Constitution upholds the validity of both secular and religious laws for as long as they are enacted according to procedural laws required by the Constitution.


2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Dalla Torre

Dopo essersi rilevato il fenomeno della rinascita del fatto religioso nell’odierna società secolarizzata, grazie anche al massiccio fenomeno immigratorio, si descrive l’impatto del pluralismo etnico-religioso sulle tradizionali realtà degli ordinamenti giuridici statali; impatto reso ancora più problematico per l’ascesa di nuovi poteri, in particolare quello tecnico-scientifico, insofferenti ad una eteroregolamentazione non solo sul piano etico, ma anche sul piano giuridico. Si mette quindi in evidenza una crescente ambiguità che investe la biogiuridica: da un lato la nuova esigenza di riconoscere il rivendicato “diritto alla diversità” da parte delle diverse formazioni etnico-religiose; dall’altro l’esigenza di una regolamentazione giuridica uniforme a garanzia dell’ordinata convivenza attorno ad una scala valoriale che abbia nella “vita” il bene centrale ed ultimo da salvaguardare. Tra le conclusioni cui si giunge è innanzitutto quella per cui la pacifica convivenza in una società multietnica e multireligiosa può essere assicurata, nel rispetto delle diverse tradizioni e culture, attraverso il ricorso a moderati e saggi riconoscimenti di spazio al diritto personale all’interno degli ordinamenti statali, ma nei limiti rigorosi posti dalle esigenze di tutela della dignità umana. Ciò tocca anche la questione dei “nuovi poteri” che, nel contesto di una società globalizzata, impongono una rielaborazione dell’idea di diritto che, partendo dal quadro di un sistema di fonti che tende sempre più ad essere organizzato non secondo gerarchia ma secondo competenza, si ispiri al principio del riconoscimento dell’essere umano nella sua dignità, indipendentemente dall’appartenenza etnico-religiosa. Infine si mette in evidenza l’inaccettabilità di un “diritto debole”, solo procedimentale, perché sostanziale negazione della funzione stessa del diritto, che è quella di prevenire e/o dirimere i conflitti tra interessi in gioco e, quindi, i contrasti tra le parti della società, difendendo nel rapporto i soggetti più deboli; così come si mette in evidenza che il prezioso bene della laicità dello Stato non è – come invece spesso si ritiene – salvaguardato da un “diritto debole”, ma solo da un diritto giusto. ---------- After being noticed the phenomenon of the rebirth of the religious fact in today’s secularized society, it is described also the impact of the ethnic-religious pluralism on the traditional realities of the government juridical arrangements; impact made even more problematic for the ascent of new powers, particularly that technical-scientific, impatient to an heteroregulation not only on the ethical plan, but also on the juridical plan. It is put therefore in evidence an increasing ambiguity that invests the biojuridical: from one side the new demand to recognize the vindicated “law to difference” from different ethnic-religious formations; from the other the demand of a uniform juridical regulation to guarantee of the orderly cohabitation around to a scale of value that has in “life” central and ultimate good to safeguard. Between the conclusions which the author comes it is, first of all, that for which the peaceful cohabitation in a multiethnic and multireligious society can be assured, in the respect of the different traditions and cultures, through the recourse to moderate and wise recognition of space to the personal law into the government arrangements, but in the rigorous limits set by the demands of guardianship of human dignity. This also touches the matter of new powers that, in the contest of globalization, impose a new elaboration of the idea of law that, departing from the picture of a system of sources that extends more and more to not be organized according to hierarchy but according to competence, inspire to the principle of the recognition of the human being in its dignity, independently from the ethnic-religious affiliation. Finally it is put in evidence the unacceptability of a “weak law”, just procedural, as substantial negation of the law function itself, which is that to prevent and/or to settle the conflicts between affairs at stake and, therefore, contrasts between the parts of the society, defending in the relationship the weakest subjects; as it is evidenced that the precious good of laity of the State is not - like instead it is often considered - safeguarded by a weak law, but only by a correct law.


IJAcc ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Rizka Azzahra

Demographers predict that in the period 2020-2030 Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus with a peak around 2030. At that time, the number of people with productive age in Indonesia, namely the age range of 15-64 years, far exceeds those who are included in the nonproductive age (children and the elderly). The Demographic Bonus should be a very positive thing where Indonesia can get extraordinary benefits, making Indonesia have high competitiveness and bargaining power. But on the other hand, Indonesia is currently facing serious problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world. Social distancing (physical distancing) carried out to anticipate the spread and expansion of the Covid 19 pandemic has made changes in various fields, both in the economy, transportation, worship, education, government and entertainment that have a direct impact on labor. The number of job cuts that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic had a huge impact because not all of the workforce could be accommodated in the world of work, as a result it would encourage an increase in the number of unemployed in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of unemployment in Indonesia and the steps that need to be taken by the government and the Indonesian people in order to face the era of demographic bonuses in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic so that this demographic bonus does not become a wave of mass unemployment in Indonesia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dolfries J Neununy

Introductioan: Substantial application of the Omnibus Law (Cipta Kerja) for the rights of indigenous peoples in coastal areas.Purposes of the Research: Reviewing and analyzing the impact of the Copyright Act on indigenous peoples in coastal areas.Methods of the Research: The research was conducted through normative legal research with a political approach to review and analyze legislation or other legal materials related to the Urgency of Omnibus Law on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in coastal areas.Results of the Research: The presence of the Omnisbus Law will have a positive impact on the community from the aspect of legal knowledge that people belonging to the scientific community can understand the purpose of the government to implement the Omnisbus Law but from the other side the ordinary people who are in coastal areas and remote rural areas do not understand well the application of the Omnisbus Law so that protection is important.


Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Chien-Chiang Lee ◽  
Yongqi Wu

Conducting product recovery and remanufacturing not only help manufacturers decrease the unit cost of production, but also benefit the environment. However, most manufacturers are hampered by the huge initial investment of related operations. In order to alleviate the manufacturers’ financial pressure of product recovery and remanufacturing, some governments implement the production subsidy (subsidy [Formula: see text]) and recycling subsidy (subsidy [Formula: see text]). Meanwhile, retailers can provide the revenue-sharing contract (contract [Formula: see text]) and cost-sharing contract (contract [Formula: see text]). Hence, this paper mainly studies the incentive designs of the government and retailer, and the effects of these incentives on the closed-loop supply chain. We first establish a Stackelberg game model consisting of a government, a manufacturer and a retailer, then investigate and compare the optimal decisions and payoffs of each member under each incentive combination of the government and retailer. Our results first show that, on the other hand, the government’s subsidy type cannot affect the retailer’s design of contract [Formula: see text], but subsidy [Formula: see text] can induce the retailer to share a higher rate of sale revenue, comparing to subsidy [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, the retailer’s contract [Formula: see text] could induce the government to increase subsidy rate in most cases, comparing to contract [Formula: see text]. Second, the subsidy [Formula: see text] can always lead to a higher collection rate, lower wholesale and retail prices, and higher payoffs for the government, manufacturer and retailer, comparing to subsidy [Formula: see text]. Besides, under subsidy [Formula: see text], contract [Formula: see text] always leads to a higher collection rate, lower wholesale and retail prices, and higher payoffs for the government, manufacturer and retailer, comparing to contract [Formula: see text]. However, under subsidy [Formula: see text], contract [Formula: see text] can lead to a higher collection rate, a lower wholesale price, and higher payoffs for the manufacturer and retailer, comparing to contract [Formula: see text] only when the manufacturer’s recovery efficiency is high. Moreover, the retail price is always higher and the government payoffs is always lower under contract [Formula: see text]. Third, the government prefers to implement the subsidy [Formula: see text] and then which contract is chosen by the retailer depends on the collection efficiency of the manufacturer. Therefore, subsidy [Formula: see text] combining with contract [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is the equilibrium incentive combination.


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