The Impact of the Thai Flood of 2011 on the Rural Poor Population Living on the Flood Plain

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Tahira ◽  
◽  
Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
Flood Prone Area ◽  
The Impact

Poor and non-poor groups from two flood-prone villages in central Thailand were compared following the flood of 2011. The results showed that the damage/income ratio was higher among persons in the poor group living in old, high-pillared houses near the river. Although this group was not as well prepared and experienced less damage than the non-poor group, they had fewer resources for recovery. The study examined household history, networks, and socio-economic status, as well as the local history. The poor group’s socio-economic characteristics may limit their capacity to resettle, as they have lived in the flood-prone area for generations. Proposals to address this included improving dykes and early warning systems as well as offering compensation for lost earnings.

Determinants of tourism in Indian states: an empirical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashobanta Parida ◽  
Parul Bhardwaj ◽  
Joyita Roy Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Flood Prone Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Tourist

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the determinants of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals and revenue receipts from tourism using state-level panel data in 25 Indian states for the period 1995 to 2011. Design/methodology/approach The study uses IV-2SLS method to examine the determinants of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals in Indian states. Economic development (proxied by per capita income, PCI) is an endogenous variable. We have used the state-wise “liable to flood prone area” as an instrument for PCI to control for endogeneity. An inverse relationship exists between state-wise “liable to flood prone area” and real PCI, in a sense that states with greater proportion of area marked as liable to flood experience lower economic development. For robust analysis, the study has also used IV-Tobit model to examine the effects of economic development and crime on revenue receipts from tourism. Findings The empirical results based on IV-2SLS method suggest that, in addition to economic development, other factors such as the presence of world-class monuments, natural landscapes and cultural heritage also encourage both international and domestic visitors in Indian states. While crime activities adversely affect the inflow of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals, terror activities do not significantly impact tourist arrivals and tourism receipts. Finally, the estimates of IV-Tobit model show that economic development and government expenditure on tourism sector leads to a significant increase in tourism receipts. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study done in Indian context in which state-level panel data have been used to examine the impact of economic, social and cultural factors on tourist arrivals and revenue earnings from tourism. Hence, the present study not only contributes to existing tourism literature, but also makes an important contribution to structuring suitable tourism management policies for the Indian states.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI ZAKAT UNTUK GOLONGAN FAQIR UZUR PADA LEMBAGABAITUL MAL DI ACEH

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Ida Friatna
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This is an obligation to a certain Muslim who meet the requirement to pay zaka. In the other side, the government needs to operate an authorized institution to manage this kind of alms, including infaq and other Muslim’s alms. Int this case, the government of Aceh has established a kind of Islamic treasury office named Baitul Mal which mandated to preserve, manage, and develop the zaka, infaq, waqf, and other alms in Islam, including the preservation of Islamic custody. This study examines the zaka distribution by Baitul Mal office to the old poor beneficiary group. Islam basically distinguishes between miskin and faqir based on their different level, where the faqr is they are in a poorer condition. Currently, the Baitul Mal office separates the poor group into two types, namely the old poor (Faqir uzur) and the normal poor (Non-old faqir). The old poor is defined as people with old age, long sickness, and permanent disable, or with other condition they become not productive. The catagorization has consequences to the distribution portion. The Baitul Mal decided monthly consumptive distribution to the old poor group and to the normal poor is also giving incidentally by the consumptive method. This arrangement is aimed to be a guidance for all the Baitul Mal around the regencies level in targeting those types of faqr. So, here are main questions why do the Baitul Mal make this distinction and what is the impact to both type of faqr life. This study found that the Baitul mal wanted to be committed to elevating the faqr life through zaka distribution, especially to the faqr uzur that considered unproductive people and the distribution was chosen by consumptive way. This study learned that the Baitul Mal also considered to distributing part of zaka productively. The study uses the literatures and also the Baitul Mal official data.Keywords: zaka distribution, faqr uzur, Baitul Mal

scholarly journals Effects of Flooding on Socio-Economic Status of Two Integrated Char Lands of Jamuna River, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
M Rokanuzzaman ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
M Alauddin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flood Prone Area

The study observed the effects of flooding on socio-economic status of two integrated char lands of Jamuna River in Bangladesh during the period from March 2011-September 2011. Data were collected on primary and secondary sources. The Primary data was collected from the field level through intrinsic study and secondary data were collected from various sources vz. Bangladesh Water Development Board, Statistical Bureau, Agricultural office, published journals etc. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the char land’s people in order to reveal their perception regarding effects of flooding and management and adaptation strategies. The study revealed that floods have long-term negative implications on socio-economic status. According to survey followed by the most affected sector was agriculture (53.33%), followed by health (17.77%) and property (26.66%), diseases as Diarrhea occurred at alarming levels (77.77%). In the year 2011 the crop damage (57.77%) and house damage wise significant (26.66%) and roads communications were also highly affected by flood. The study obtained the difference-in-difference estimates the magnitude of impact of flood on socio-economic status depending on the relative flood prone area and the severity of flooding and its associated impacts.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22093 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 37-41 2013

Influence of Nutritional Management and Rehabilitation on Physical Outcome in Japanese Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Yatabe ◽  
Moritoki Egi ◽  
Masahiko Sakaguchi ◽  
Takashi Ito ◽  
Nobuhiro Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Good Group ◽  
Icu Discharge ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Median Amount

Background: There is lack of evidence regarding nutritional management among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a population with relatively low body mass index. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to assess the nutritional management in Japanese ICUs. Also, we investigated the impact of nutritional management and rehabilitation on physical outcome. Methods: The study population comprised 389 consecutive patients who received mechanical ventilation for at least 24 h and those admitted to the ICU for > 72 h in 13 hospitals. The primary outcomes were caloric and protein intake in ICU on days 3 and 7, and at ICU discharge. The secondary outcome was the impact of nutritional management and rehabilitation on physical status at ICU discharge. We defined good physical status as more than end sitting and poor physical status as bed rest and sitting. We divided the participants into 2 groups, namely, the good physical status group (Good group) and poor physical status group (Poor group) for analysis of the secondary outcome. Data were expressed as median (interquartile range). Results: The median amount of caloric intake on days 3 and 7, and at ICU discharge via enteral and parenteral routes were 8.4 (3.1–15.6), 14.9 (7.5–22.0), and 11.2 (2.5–19.1) kcal/kg/day, respectively. The median amount of protein intake on days 3 and 7, and at ICU discharge were 0.2 (0–0.5), 0.4 (0.1–0.8), and 0.3 (0–0.7) g/kg/day, respectively. The amount of caloric intake on day 3 in the Poor group was significantly higher than that of the Good group (10.1 [5.8, 16.2] vs. 5.2 [1.9, 12.4] kcal/kg/day, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who were received rehabilitation in ICU in the Good group was significantly higher than that of the Poor group (92 vs. 63%, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that caloric intake on day 3 and rehabilitation in ICU were considered independent factors that affect physical status (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05–1.34; p = 0.005 and OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.01–0.34; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The caloric and protein intakes in Japanese ICUs were 15 kcal/kg/day and 0.4 g/kg/day, respectively. In addition, critically ill patients might benefit from low caloric intake (less than 10 kcal/kg/day) until day 3 and rehabilitation during ICU stay.

scholarly journals A Simple Approximation of the Hydrograph Downstream of a Flooded Area

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corradini ◽  
F. Melone ◽  
V.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Extension ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Flood Prone Area ◽  
Linear Reservoir ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

A simple model for estimating the hydrograph at the outlet of a reach crossing a flood-prone area is investigated. The first part of the model involves routing of the inflow hydrograph through an ideal reach with infinite vertical extension of the walls. The second part routes the flow which determines a two-dimensional flooding (outbank flow) through a linear reservoir whose storage coefficient is linked with geometric features of the flood plain. The model was applied to various geometric configurations representative of real areas in Central Italy. Its calibration and validation were carried out by comparison of the results of a diffusion hydrodynamic model. The hydrodynamic model incorporates two-dimensional overland flow and one-dimensional open channel flow. The two models were in substantial agreement, as revealed by similar shape characteristics of the corresponding hydrographs and by the values of the peak runoff error which were lower than 15% of the maximum outbank flow. Model validity was also confirmed by a comparison of its results with observed outflow hydrographs.

scholarly journals Influence of rain pattern on flood control in mountain creek areas: a case study of northern Zhejiang

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifeng Cao ◽  
Qiru Tao ◽  
Shaojun Dong ◽  
Xiaolong Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
River Level ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Flood Prone Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Mountain creek areas are a type of flood-prone area, and the flood control in these areas has not been well understood. This study aims to evaluate the impact of rain patterns on the water level and the establishment of flood control standard in mountain creek areas by conducting a case study. The case study was performed on a typical mountain creek area, called Shiliqu watershed in Hangzhou, China. A MIKE11 model was first established to analyze the required flood control standard through investigating the river level impacted by two rain patterns (the designed rainstorm and the typhoon Fitow). The results show that the designed rainstorm pattern and the typhoon Fitow rain pattern have the single-peak and multi-peak profile, respectively. The peak rainfall value of the designed rainstorm pattern is much higher than that of the typhoon Fitow. However, the large fluctuations under the typhoon Fitow rain pattern causes multi-level overtopping which threats the safety of the flood control. Also, the typhoon Fitow could have a greater influence on the water level of the tributaries of the river than that of the mainstream. The selection of rain pattern on the design of flood control standard in mountain creek areas is discussed.

Editor's Note

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. i-iii
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Good Education ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

In this election year, 2004, people are grappling with the various forces that make up these United States. What forces encourage inclusion and which exclusion? Who is to be included and who excluded? Is this to be a country with wide discrepancies between the rich and the poor? Is this to be a country where public education is poorly funded and a good education depends upon private resources? Are we going to forget that discrimination on the basis of gender, race, ethnic origin, and economic status still exists and needs to be perpetually, vigilantly addressed? There is a deep division in the country over the proper and fair use of our resources that constitutes concern in all our citizens

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

scholarly journals Retirement Age and Housing Consumption: The Case of South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Chunil Kim ◽  
Hyobi Choi ◽  
Yeol Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Housing Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Housing Tenure Choice ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Real Assets

South Korea became an aging society in 2000 and will become a super-aged nation in 2026. The extended life expectancy and earlier retirement make workers’ preparation for retirement more difficult, and that hardship might lead to poorer living conditions after retirement. As annuity payments are, in general, not enough for retirees to maintain their previous standard of living after retirement, retired households would have to liquidate their financial and real assets to cover household expenditures. As housing takes the biggest share of households’ total assets in Korea, it seems to be natural for retirees to downsize their houses. However, there is no consensus in the housing literature on housing downsizing, and the debate is still ongoing. In order to understand whether or not housing downsizing by retirees occurs in Korea, this paper examines the impact of the timing of retirement on housing consumption using an econometric model of housing tenure choice and the consumption for housing. The results show that the early retirement group living in more populated region does not downsize the house, while the timing of retirement is negatively associated with housing consumption for the late retirement group living in the peripheral region.

The effects of debt restructurings on income inequality in the developing world

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110014
Author(s):  
Glen Biglaiser ◽  
Ronald J. McGauvran
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

Developing countries, saddled with debts, often prefer investors absorb losses through debt restructurings. By not making full repayments, debtor governments could increase social spending, serving poorer constituents, and, in turn, lowering income inequality. Alternatively, debtor governments could reduce taxes and cut government spending, bolstering the assets of the rich at the expense of the poor. Using panel data for 71 developing countries from 1986 to 2016, we assess the effects of debt restructurings on societal income distribution. Specifically, we study the impact of debt restructurings on social spending, tax reform, and income inequality. We find that countries receiving debt restructurings tend to use their newly acquired economic flexibility to reduce taxes and lower social spending, worsening income inequality. The results are also robust to different model specifications. Our study contributes to the globalization and the poor debate, suggesting the economic harm caused to the less well-off following debt restructurings.

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