In vitro evaluation of selected medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities against antibiotic resistant clinical bacterial and fungal pathogens

Bovine mastitis is the most serious dairy problem in terms of economic losses to the dairy industry. In Algeria, dominates as one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle among the dairy farms. Mastitis treatment with antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic resistant strains and consumer health problem. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a major health issue. With new generations of virulence and resistant bacteria, we need to improve our understanding and produce novel techniques to control these pathogenic strains. In our study, the activity of several extracts from seven medicinal plants, namely Mentha pulegium, Lavandula dentate, Origanium sp, Marrubium vulgare, Salvia bicolor, Blackstonia perfoliata, and Phlomis crinita, traditionally used in Algeria was investigated against 26 methicillin resistant staphylococci and multi-resistant Escherichia coli. (E.coli) isolated from animals with mastitis manifestation by the disc diffusion method.Results revealed the potential of extracts of Salvia bicolor, Marrubium vulgare and Phlomis crinita as antibacterial agents against strains isolated from bovine mastitis and support the possible use of these phytotherapic agents in the clinical management of the disease. Further studies into their toxicity and phytochemistry are advocated.

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Formulation and In–Vitro Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Anti–Arthritic Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/13.2/63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 803-808

Author(s):

Pallavi S. Shelke

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Transdermal Patches

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The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Armina Morkeliūnė ◽

Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽

Lina Šernaitė ◽

Alma Valiuškaitė

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Control Plant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

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In vitro evaluation of the anti-mycobacterial properties of the extracts of Momordica Charantia

Research Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.25303/167rjbt1521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Paul Giftson ◽

Jerrine Joseph ◽

Revathy Kalyanasundaram ◽

V. Ramesh Kumar ◽

Wilson Aruni

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Antimycobacterial Activity ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

World Population ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

The World

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease and remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. One fourth of the world population is infected with TB at a risk of developing disease. The increase in the incidence of drug resistant TB around the world urges the need to develop a new candidate to fight against the disease. Plants were considered as the rich source of bioactive components to be used as potential drugs. Medicinal plants are used in pure as well as crude materials for their medicinal properties. Our research aims in identifying the phyto-molecules which have anti- tuberculosis property. Four medicinal plants namely, Acalyphaciliata (Kuppaimeni), Solanumtrilobatum (Thuthuvalai), Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) and Sennaauriculata (Avaram) were chosen to evaluate their antimicrobial activity focusing on anti-tubercular activity. The methanol extracts of the medicinal plants showed significant inhibitory activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Sennaauriculata methanol extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. In the screening of antimycobacterial activity done by LRP assay, among the plant extracts tested, the hexane crude extracts of Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) showed 82.2% and 81.03% of inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively. Similarly, the methanol crude extracts of Momordicacharantia showed 87.14% and 63.55% of inhibition at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively.

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In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Some Indigenous Plant Species in Kebbi State

UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) ◽

10.47430/ujmr.2052.001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Aisha Abdulrazak ◽

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Indigenous Plants ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Water As Solvent

The search for antimalarial compounds has been necessitated by the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to almost all antimalarial drugs. The aim of this research was to determine in-vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of some indigenous plants species in Kebbi State. Plant extraction was carried-out by maceration using ethanol and water as solvent. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was evaluated against fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum using WHO method of in-vitro micro test. Phytochemical screening was also carried out on the extract to deduce the active chemicals present in the plant extract. All plant extracts demonstrate dose dependent antimicrobial activities with IC50 Less than 50%. However highest growth inhibition of the P. falciparum was demonstrated by aqueous and ethanol extract of A. indica with IC50 7.4µg/ml and 8.6µg/ml respectively followed by ethanol and aqueous extract of C. occidentalis with IC50 15.3µg/ml and 18.0µg/ml respectively. Least antimalarial activity was demonstrated by aqueous extract of M. oleifera with IC50 33.5µg/ml while ethanolic extract of M. oleifera demonstrated IC50 of 20.50µg/ml. M. indica ethanolic and aqueous extract also demonstrated moderate antimalarial activity with IC50 18.8µg/ml and 24.5µg/ml. The phytochemical screening of medicinal plants showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoid, phenol and cardiac glycosides in the extracts, which may be responsible for the antiplasmodial activity. This result justifies the traditional use of the plant in malaria treatment and further research is suggested to identify and characterize the active principles from the plants. Keywords: Antimalaria, Invitro, Medicinal Plants, Malaria, Kebbi

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Studies of the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of selected Thai medicinal plants

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/1472-6882-12-217 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Chutima Kaewpiboon ◽

Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkol ◽

Chantragan Srisomsap ◽

Pakorn Winayanuwattikun ◽

Tikamporn Yongvanich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Thai Medicinal Plants

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In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Antiâ€diarrhoeal medicinal plants â€ Kenya

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.2(5).p217-226 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 217-226

Author(s):

E. O. Omwenga ◽

P. O. Okemo ◽

P. K. Mbugua

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Local Isolate ◽

Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus â€ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis â€ Local isolate, Salmonella typhiâ€ATCC 2202, Escherichia coliâ€STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa â€ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavusâ€Local isolate, Fusarium lateritiumâ€Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.â€ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and microâ€dilution technique. The most susceptible Gramâ€positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gramâ€negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

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