scholarly journals A Study of Ethno-Veterinary Medicinal Plants and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities Against Bovine Mastitis Isolated Bacterial Pathogens in Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Radhwane SAIDI ◽  
Nora MIMOUNE ◽  
Ratiba BAAZIZI ◽  
Mohamed Hocine BENAISSA ◽  
Djamel KHELEF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare

Bovine mastitis is the most serious dairy problem in terms of economic losses to the dairy industry. In Algeria, dominates as one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle among the dairy farms. Mastitis treatment with antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic resistant strains and consumer health problem. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a major health issue. With new generations of virulence and resistant bacteria, we need to improve our understanding and produce novel techniques to control these pathogenic strains. In our study, the activity of several extracts from seven medicinal plants, namely Mentha pulegium, Lavandula dentate, Origanium sp, Marrubium vulgare, Salvia bicolor, Blackstonia perfoliata, and Phlomis crinita, traditionally used in Algeria was investigated against 26 methicillin resistant staphylococci and multi-resistant Escherichia coli. (E.coli) isolated from animals with mastitis manifestation by the disc diffusion method.Results revealed the potential of extracts of Salvia bicolor, Marrubium vulgare and Phlomis crinita as antibacterial agents against strains isolated from bovine mastitis and support the possible use of these phytotherapic agents in the clinical management of the disease. Further studies into their toxicity and phytochemistry are advocated.

scholarly journals The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Howell ◽  
Doris H. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Pomegranates have been known for hundreds of years for their multiple health benefits, including antimicrobial activity. The recent surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria and the possibility of widespread global virus pandemics necessitate the need for additional preventative and therapeutic options to conventional drugs. Research indicates that pomegranates and their extracts may serve as natural alternatives due to their potency against a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens. Nearly every part of the pomegranate plant has been tested for antimicrobial activities, including the fruit juice, peel, arils, flowers, and bark. Many studies have utilized pomegranate peel with success. There are various phytochemical compounds in pomegranate that have demonstrated antimicrobial activity, but most of the studies have found that ellagic acid and larger hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalagin, have the highest activities. In some cases the combination of the pomegranate constituents offers the most benefit. The positive clinical results on pomegranate and suppression of oral bacteria are intriguing and worthy of further study. Much of the evidence for pomegranates’ antibacterial and antiviral activities against foodborne pathogens and other infectious disease organisms comes fromin vitrocell-based assays, necessitating further confirmation ofin vivoefficacy through human clinical trials.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of several plant extracts and essential oils against Brucella melitensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Mazen Safi ◽  
Ayman Al-Mariri
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fluid Medium

Summary Medicinal plants are considered to be new resources for the production of agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some plants native to Syria in the treatment of brucellosis. In vitro activities of some essential oils and plant extracts of some medicinal plants against 89 Brucella melitensis isolates was determined by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 5%. The microdilution assay in the fluid medium was used to determine the MICs of essential oils and plant extracts. Among the evaluated herbs, only Thymus syriacus and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils and Laurus nobilis plant extract showed a high activity against B. melitensis strains. Thus, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values for T. syriacus, C. zeylanicum, and L. nobilis against B. melitensis were 6.25, 3.125 and 6.25 μl/ml, respectively. Among studied essential oils and plant extracts, T. syriacus and C. zeylanicum essential oils, and L. nobilis plant extract were the most effective ones. Moreover, T. syriacus - C. zeylanicum combination was more effective than use of each of them alone. Then, T. syriacus and C. zeylanicum essential oils and L. nobilis plant extract could act as bactericidal agents against B. melitensis.

REVERSION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WITH BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Sneha Arora ◽  
Shoma Paul Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

  Objective: Screening of medicinal plants for the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor identified three plants; Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Ocimum tenuiflorum, extracts of which inhibit beta-lactamase enzyme in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare beta-lactamase inhibiting potential of these plant extracts.Methods: Extracts of these plants were prepared with 6 solvents of different polarity. Beta-lactamase inhibition study was performed using antibiotic-resistant bacteria in bioassay and by micro-iodometric assay. Multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli and laboratory strain with plasmid carrying beta-lactamase gene as positive control were used.Results: Our results from bioassay, as well as micro-iodometric assay for enzyme activity, confirmed the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor in these plant extracts. Among the extracts made by different solvents, hexane and ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula, hexane extract of T. bellirica, and all extracts of O. tenuiflorum except dichloromethane, possessed beta-lactamase inhibitor. Multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of E. coli AIIMS-1 could be reverted by applying 50 μg/μl of extract of all the medicinal plants. The micro-iodometric result showed highest beta-lactamase inhibition with O. tenuiflorum extracts. Comparative evaluation of the O. tenuiflorum extracts with increasing concentration of inhibitor suggests that ethyl acetate extract of O. tenuiflorum contains the highest inhibition potential, which is comparable with clavulanic acid.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of O. tenuiflorum contain the highest level of beta-lactamase inhibitor, which in the future can be used as an alternative to synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitors that are presently being used to control beta-lactam antibiotic resistance

MILKING ANTISEPTICS AGAINST BACTERIA MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BOVINE MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-651
Author(s):  
Patricia Nascente ◽  
PEDRO RASSIER DOS SANTOS ◽  
HELENICE GONZALEZ DE LIMA ◽  
SILVIA DE OLIVEIRA HUBNER ◽  
PATRICIA DA SILVA NASCENTE
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Antiseptic Solutions

This work aims to verify the in vitro action of antiseptics used in the pre- and post-dipping against multidrug-resistant bacteria from bovine mastitis. Antiseptic solutions in the concentration of use of iodine, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (n=12), Staphylococcus sciuri (n=1), Staphylococcus lentus (n=1), Streptococcus sp. (n=1), Enterococcus faecalis (n=1), Enterococcus casseliflavus (n=1), Kocuria kristinae (n=2), Kocuria varians (n=1). Was verified the Minimal Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration. The cytotoxicity test complemented the work. It was found that the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration of the iodine, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine was effective in the values recommended for use, however the presence of organic material reduced the activity of the tested products. Chlorhexidine showed higher efficiency of the other disinfectants.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Falagas ◽  
Evridiki K. Vouloumanou ◽  
George Samonis ◽  
Konstantinos Z. Vardakas
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe treatment of bacterial infections suffers from two major problems: spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and lack of development of new antibiotics active against such MDR and XDR bacteria. As a result, physicians have turned to older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Lately, due to development of resistance to these agents, fosfomycin has gained attention, as it has remained active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR and XDR bacteria. New data of higher quality have become available, and several issues were clarified further. In this review, we summarize the available fosfomycin data regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thein vitroactivity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mechanisms of resistance and development of resistance during treatment, synergy and antagonism with other antibiotics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse events. Issues that need to be studied further are also discussed.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Five Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia against Some Human and Animal Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Romha ◽  
Birhanu Admasu ◽  
Tsegaye Hiwot Gebrekidan ◽  
Hailelule Aleme ◽  
Gebreyohans Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective. To evaluate thein vitroantibacterial activities of five plant extracts which have been used as traditional medicines by local healers against three multidrug resistant bacteria, namely,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosa.Results. The highest mean zone of inhibition (4.66 mm) was recorded from methanol extract ofCalpurnia aurea(Ait.) Benth. at a concentration of 200 mg/ml againstS. aureus, followed byCroton macrostachyusDel. (4.43 mm) at the same dose and solvent for the same bacterial species, while methanol and chloroform extracts ofE. bruceiSchwein. did not inhibit growth of any bacterial species. The lowest value (100 μg/ml) of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed from both methanol and chloroform extracts ofC. aurea(Ait.) Benth. against all the three bacteria. The results of the positive control had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with crude extracts ofC. aurea(Ait.) Benth. at concentration of 200 mg/ml againstS. aureus.Conclusion. The results of the present study support the traditional uses of these medicinal plants by the local healers. ExceptErythrina bruceiSchwein., all the plants investigated in this study exhibited antibacterial activities against the test bacterial species. Further researches are needed to be conducted to evaluate efficacy of these medicinal plant species on other microbes in different agroecological settings and their safety levels as well as their phytochemical compositions.

scholarly journals Comparative In Vitro Activities of First and Second-Generation Ceragenins Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berna Ozbek-Celik ◽  
Damla Damar-Celik ◽  
Emel Mataraci-Kara ◽  
Cagla Bozkurt-Guzel ◽  
Paul B. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Time Kill

Objectives: The ceragenins, or CSAs, were designed to mimic the activities of antimicrobial peptides and represent a new class of antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the antimicrobial activities of first/second generation ceragenins and various antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, including colistin-resistant bacteria. Also, the synergistic effects of two ceragenins with colistin or meropenem were investigated with six K. pneumoniae strains presenting different resistant patterns. Methods: Minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution method according to the CLSI. Antibiotic combination studies were evaluated by the time–kill curve method. Results: MIC50 and MIC90 values of tested ceragenins ranged from 8 to 32 mg/L and 16 to 128 mg/L. Overall, among the ceragenins tested, CSA-131 showed the lowest MIC50 and MIC90 values against all microorganisms. The MICs of the ceragenins were similar or better than tested antibiotics, except for colistin. Synergistic activities of CSA-131 in combination with colistin was found for strains both at 1× MIC and 4× MIC. No antagonism was observed with any combination. Conclusions: First-generation ceragenins CSA-13 and CSA-44 and second-generation ceragenins CSA-131, CSA-138 and CSA-142 have significant antimicrobial effects on MDR K. pneumoniae. Mechanisms allowing resistance to clinical comparator antibiotics like colistin did not impact the activity of ceragenins. These results suggest that ceragenins may play a role in treating infections that are resistant to known antibiotics.

Chlorhexidine Resistance in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From the Surfaces of Dispensers of Soap Containing Chlorhexidine

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 692-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Brooks ◽  
Mary A. Walczak ◽  
Rizwanullah Hameed ◽  
Patrick Coonan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

AbstractBacterial contamination with pan-resistant Acinetobacter and Klebsiella, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was noted on the surfaces of dispensers of hand soap with 2% chlorhexidine. Gram-negative isolates could multiply in the presence of 1% chlorhexidine. In contrast, MRSA was inhibited in vitro by chlorhexidine at concentrations as low as 0.0019%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document