Transport system of the Far East: effects of a «new model» of the macro-region development

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
A. B. Bardal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
New Model ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
Far Eastern

The Far-Eastern federal district today is characterized by one of the lowest indicators of economic development. Maintaining the socio-economic system of the region requires substantial resources from the state. Specificity of the region determines the need to apply special management decisions. The tools for stimulating the regional economy include priority development of the territories, the free port of Vladivostok, regional investment projects etc. These instruments have been implemented since 2014 as a part of the «new model» of regional development. Organization of the new production facilities and expected growth in the export volumes will require development of the region's transport system. The «new model» of economic development of the Far East formulates a new task for the development of transport system, including new goals, projects, spatial aspects of the development of transport infrastructure and vehicles. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic effects of a new model for development of the Far East in the transport system. Using the standard methods for analyzing statistical information, dynamics of the transport indicators of the Far-Eastern federal district and the directions of state support for the creation of infrastructure in the period 2015-2019 are considered. It was revealed that the development of transport infrastructure for the companies-residents of the territories of advanced development does not have a significant impact on the overall dynamics of the transport network of the Far East. The projects implemented in the terms of transport infrastructure are of a local nature and are designed to meet the needs of individual enterprises through the creation of small sections of roads and railways. The main direction of influence the applied measures of the state support will have on the transport accessibility of the deposits of the region within the framework of regional investment projects. Thus, the «new model» for the development of the Far East actually supports and strengthens the existing transport and transit model of the regional economy.

scholarly journals Territories of Advanced Development as a link in the development of the territorial socio-economic systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
П.Я. Бакланов
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
General Description ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Advanced Development

В 2014 г. в Правительстве РФ был разработан новый инструмент развития Дальнего Востока – создание территорий опережающего развития (ТОР). Был принят специальный федеральный закон (ФЗ). К настоящему времени в Дальневосточном федеральном округе во всех субъектах, кроме Магаданской области, определены 20 ТОР, под которые выделяется компактная территория с наличием благоприятных условий социально-экономического развития и ряда крупных инвестиционных проектов, благодаря чему эта территория может стать точкой роста и способствовать развитию района в целом. В статье приводится общая характеристика ТОР Дальнего Востока, обобщены проблемы, проявляющиеся на стадии их создания. Дается детальная характеристика одной из первых ТОР – Надеждинской, формирующейся вблизи Владивостока. Для этой ТОР был разработан План перспективного развития, включающий оценку основных предпосылок и конкурентных преимуществ ее формирования, обоснование приоритетных видов деятельности, обобщенную оценку экономической эффективности и перспектив пространственного развития. В будущем на Дальнем Востоке возможно образование новых ТОР по глубокой переработке природных ресурсов суши и моря на основе новейших инновационных технологий. В ряде случаев целесообразно создание ТОР регионального значения с введением местных преференций, что будет стимулировать местные инициативы. При этом будут использованы имеющиеся благоприятные условия комплексного пространственного развития. In 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation has established a new tool for the development of the Far East by forming a territory of advanced development (TAD). A specific Federal Law (FL) has been passed. Today, 20 TADs have been determined in all federal units of the Far Eastern Federal District, except for Magadan Oblast. TAD is allocated on a compact area with favorable conditions for socio-economic development and a number of large investment projects, stipulating its conversion into a growth point and input to the development of the region as a whole. The article provides a general description of the TADs in the Far East with their schematic maps, generalizes the problems that appear at the stage of their creation. A detailed description of one of the first TAD, Nadezhdinskaya TAD, near Vladivostok is given. A long-term development plan, highlighting and justifying the priority economic activities and resident companies was developed for this TAD under the supervision of the author.

scholarly journals Complex exploitation of the Far East mineral resources: effects “new model” of the macroregional development

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Natalia Lomakina
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
New Model ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
State Incentives

The responses of economic agents in the mineral resources sector to the implantation of instruments of the “new model” of development of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2014-2020 is investigated. At the same time, the emphasis is put on assessing the capabilities of these instruments to stimulate the integrated development of the region’s strategic mineral resources. It was reveal is that within the framework of the “new model” there are no targets and measures aimed at technological modernization and development of processing industries in the mineral resources sector of the region. At the same time, the implemented measures of state support are actually aim at hypertrophied development of the raw stock component of the mineral resources sector. The potential and key directions in connection with the formation of new sub-sectors for the final processing of mineral resources of the Far Eastern Federal District have been shown. Changes to the model of state incentives for the development of the mineral resources sector in the Far East are proposed.

scholarly journals State Incentivizing of Investment Activity in the Resource Region: Far East of Russia Variant

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-90
Author(s):  
Natalia Lomakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Far East ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
New Model ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
State Incentives

The authors studied the actual policies and emerging effects of state incentivizing of investment activity instruments under the ‘new model’ of development for the Far East of Russia. There were shown the specifics of localizing investments in the resource region in shape of preferential regimes of Territories of Advanced Social and Economic Development (TAD or ASEZ Advanced Special Economic Zones) and also extraterritorial preferences as direct subsidies from the federal budget to infrastructure projects of strategically important investment projects and regional investment projects. The effects of these instruments employed in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2014–2020 demonstrate that the package of state measures formed for attracting investments and its separate elements (royalty benefits, the criterion of maximum attraction of private investments for every rouble of budget ones, etc.) have promoted investments mainly in extraction of minerals in the total surveyed range of support instruments. The outcome of these preferences was further growth of resource-based industries in the Far East economy structure (which to a certain extent predetermines the perspective economy structure of the macro region). The analysis of the rate of accumulation (a share of investments in the regional Gross Domestic Product) as a factor of economic growth showed that the majority of Far Eastern regions (except the mono-mineral Sakhalinskaya and Magadanskaya oblasts and the Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug) do not reassert the role of resource-based industries as key drivers for their economic growth which would have justified state incentives for extraction of mineral resources in particular. Certain modifications have been revealed in the very instruments of state incentives under the ‘new model’ of development in the Far East of Russia among which is a blurring of border lines between preferential territories to legitimize incentivizing of mineral companies; a changed (reduced) role of regional authorities in implementation of different instruments; forming ‘multi-layer’ preferences in the interest of mineral companies. It was demonstrated that in the surveyed contour of key actors interacting in the process of implementing different instruments of a ‘new model’ for development of the Far East of Russia (federal and regional administration, businesses) with greater vividness comes to the fore a tendency for shaping key outcomes of preferences in mineral companies

scholarly journals INERTIA OF MARINE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE TERRITORIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF PACIFIC RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Мошков
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern

Морехозяйственные виды деятельности всегда играли ключевую роль в формировании и развитии территориально-производственных систем Дальнего Востока России. Такие виды деятельности, как рыбное хозяйство, морской транспорт, судостроение и судоремонт и др. возникли на территории Дальнего Востока в результате хозяйственного использования благоприятных экономико-географических факторов – богатые природные ресурсы акватории (биологические и топливные), выгодное и во многом уникальное географическое положение, наличие в береговой зоне удобных бухт и заливов. Влияние «морских» факторов на экономику прибрежных территорий Дальнего Востока привело к формированию здесь особых аква-территориальных производственных систем, функционирование которых особым образом влияет на развитие всей экономики субъектов Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДФО). Это позволяет выделить на территории Дальнего Востока особый регион – Тихоокеанскую Россию, в состав которой включаются не только прибрежные субъекты, но и континентальные регионы, тяготеющие к морской транспортной инфраструктуре ДФО. В прибрежной зоне Тихоокеанской России формируются подзоны морехозяйственной активности – «северная» и «южная», которые различаются географическими, природно-ресурсными и социально-экономическими условиями ведения хозяйственной деятельности. При этом, отмечается инерционность развития морехозяйственных звеньев структуры территориально—производственных систем, которые образуют особые локальные «опорные базы морехозяйственной деятельности» в прибрежных субъектах ДФО. Marine economic activities always played a key role in the formation and development of territorial production systems of the Russian Far East. Such activities as fishing, marine transport, shipbuilding, and ship repair, etc. emerged on the territory of the Far East as a result of the economic use of favorable economic - geographical factors, i.e. rich natural resources of the water area (biological and fuel), favorable and in many ways a unique geographical location, the presence of convenient bays, and the bays in the coastal zone. The effect of the "sea" factors on the economy of the coastal areas of the Far East led to the formation of special aqua-territorial production systems, the functioning of which has a specific effect on the development of the entire economy of the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD). This makes it possible to distinguish a special region in the Far East – Pacific Russia, which includes not only coastal subjects, but also continental regions, which tend to the maritime transport infrastructure of the Far Eastern Federal District. In the coastal zone of Pacific Russia, the sub-zones of marine economic activity are formed – "northern" and "southern", which differ in the geographical, natural-resource, and socio-economic conditions of economic activity. At the same time, inertia of the development of marine economic links in the structure of territorial production systems, which form special local "support bases of marine economic activity" in the coastal subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, has been noted.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in pregnant women of Siberia and the Far East. Article

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
N. V Artymuk ◽  
T. E Belokrinitskaya ◽  
O. S Filippov ◽  
E. M Shifman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Far Eastern

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the incidence and characteristics of the course of the NCI COVID-19 in pregnant women in the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District. Materials and methods. The analysis of operational information on the incidence of NCI COVID-19 and the features of the course in pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas provided by the chief obstetrician-gynecologists of the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District on May 25, 2020 is carried out. Results. The results of the study showed that the proportion of pregnant women among patients with COVID-19 in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District is 0.82 %. Pneumonia was registered in almost every third patient (28.4 %), but the disease, on the whole, was characterized by a milder course than in the general population of patients: a severe form of the disease was diagnosed in 3.6 % of women, hospitalization in RAO was performed in 1.9 % of cases, mechanical ventilation was required by 0.6 % of patients. There were no cases of maternal and perinatal mortality. Conclusion. The course of the disease in pregnant women in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District was characterized by a milder course relative to the general patient population. However, final conclusions can only be drawn after the pandemic is over. щей популяции больных. Однако окончательные выводы можно будет сделать только после завершения пандемии.

PROBLEMS OF REALIZING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry P. Zorin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

scholarly journals Current State and Main Trends of Foreign Trade Development in Far Eastern Federal District

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Yakov Sukhodolov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Asian Pacific Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the current specificity of foreign trade ties of the Far Eastern Federal District. It presents a brief analysis of dynamics of the volumes and commodity structure of the export-import operations of the Far Eastern Federal District. At present, of specific significance for the regions of the Far East and Siberia is search for tolls of modernizing the economy with purpose of transition to innovative development. Foreign trade can be a perspective direction of socio-economic development of Russia’s Far East. Far Eastern Federal District is export-oriented, but in the export commodity structure the mineral raw groups of commodities prevail, which decreases its positive effect. Expansion of trade-economic and investment cooperation with the countries of the Asian-Pacific region in the field of developing processing industries and machine building oriented at increasing the depth of mineral resources processing and growth of the ready-made products export can become the basis of sustainable development of the Far East.

scholarly journals Demographic changes in the Russian Siberia and the Far East in 1989-2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Far Eastern

AbstractDemographically, Siberia has been a remote and sparsely populated base of European Russia. The population of the Ural Federal District between 1989 and 2010 (within the borders of 2002) decreased by 0.45 million, Siberian Federal District by 4.90 million people and the Far Eastern Federal District by 1.65 million people. That is, the population of three federal districts decreased by 6.99 million people in just 21 years.In the years 2010-2019, the number of inhabitants of the Ural Federal District increased slightly from 12.08 million to 12.35 million people, i.e. by 0.27 million people. The population of the Siberian Federal District (within the borders of 2019) in the years 2010-2019 decreased by 0.004 million people. The number of inhabitants of the Far Eastern Federal District (within the borders of 2019) in the period 2010-2019 decreased by 0.18 million people.In total, in the years 2010-2019, the population of the three federal districts recorded a slight increase of 0.082 million people.

Implementation of the state policy in the Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
S. N. Naiden ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the measures and results of the implementation of government strategies, programs, concepts adopted in the period 2009-2019. and aimed at the development of the subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district for the period up to 2025. Monitoring of indicators of demography of the population, living standards and development of social infrastructure was carried out. A comparative analysis of the actual and program indicators of development, as well as the responses of the socio-demographic system of the region to institutional innovations in the period 2009-2019 has been carried out. It has been established that, despite the abundance of adopted documents and a significant number of developed and applied measures, the achievement of the set goals, in any case, to maximize the population, has not been achieved. It is shown that the intensity of reproduction of social infrastructure facilities remains low, which weakly contributes to overcoming negative migration dynamics. The necessity of adjusting measures of state regulation in the field of social development and creating a comfortable living environment has been substantiated

INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS IN THE «FAR EASTERN FORMAT»: MANIFESTATION IN THE FOREST COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
National Interests ◽  
External Market ◽  
New Model ◽  
Regional Development Policy ◽  
Institutional Impact ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the main instruments of the regional development policy used in the implementation of the "new model" of the development of the Far Eastern Federal District, analyzes the practice of their application in the forest complex. The influence of these instruments on some results of the activity of the forest complex of the FEFD and its main territories is considered. It was revealed that the parameters of the functioning of the forest complex demonstrate instability due to both the institutional impact and the dependence of the complex on the situation in the external market. The importance of the formation of goals for the development of the forest complex is shown based on taking into account both national interests and the development priorities of the regional economy.

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