scholarly journals Demographic changes in the Russian Siberia and the Far East in 1989-2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Far Eastern

AbstractDemographically, Siberia has been a remote and sparsely populated base of European Russia. The population of the Ural Federal District between 1989 and 2010 (within the borders of 2002) decreased by 0.45 million, Siberian Federal District by 4.90 million people and the Far Eastern Federal District by 1.65 million people. That is, the population of three federal districts decreased by 6.99 million people in just 21 years.In the years 2010-2019, the number of inhabitants of the Ural Federal District increased slightly from 12.08 million to 12.35 million people, i.e. by 0.27 million people. The population of the Siberian Federal District (within the borders of 2019) in the years 2010-2019 decreased by 0.004 million people. The number of inhabitants of the Far Eastern Federal District (within the borders of 2019) in the period 2010-2019 decreased by 0.18 million people.In total, in the years 2010-2019, the population of the three federal districts recorded a slight increase of 0.082 million people.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in pregnant women of Siberia and the Far East. Article

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
N. V Artymuk ◽  
T. E Belokrinitskaya ◽  
O. S Filippov ◽  
E. M Shifman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Far Eastern

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the incidence and characteristics of the course of the NCI COVID-19 in pregnant women in the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District. Materials and methods. The analysis of operational information on the incidence of NCI COVID-19 and the features of the course in pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas provided by the chief obstetrician-gynecologists of the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District on May 25, 2020 is carried out. Results. The results of the study showed that the proportion of pregnant women among patients with COVID-19 in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District is 0.82 %. Pneumonia was registered in almost every third patient (28.4 %), but the disease, on the whole, was characterized by a milder course than in the general population of patients: a severe form of the disease was diagnosed in 3.6 % of women, hospitalization in RAO was performed in 1.9 % of cases, mechanical ventilation was required by 0.6 % of patients. There were no cases of maternal and perinatal mortality. Conclusion. The course of the disease in pregnant women in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District was characterized by a milder course relative to the general patient population. However, final conclusions can only be drawn after the pandemic is over. щей популяции больных. Однако окончательные выводы можно будет сделать только после завершения пандемии.

Dynamics of the epidemic process and the course of the COVID-19 in pregnant women of the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Tatiana E. Belokrinitskaya ◽  
Natalya V. Artymuk ◽  
Oleg S. Filippov ◽  
Efim M. Shifman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Far Eastern

The objective of the study was to evaluate an epidemiological characteristic and the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women from the Far East and Siberian Federal Districts of Russia. Materials and methods. The analysis of operational information on the incidence of COVID-19 and the its features in pregnant women and after childbirth provided by the chief obstetrician-gynecologists of the Far Eastern Federal District and Siberian Federal District on May 25, 2020 and August 25, 2020 is carried out. Mathematical analysis included descriptive statistics methods, analysis of contingency tables, where the 2 value, the achieved significance level (p) Results. On August 25, 2020, 2010 cases of COVID-19 in pregnant women were detected in two subjects, including 134 active cases. In the population, the proportion of pregnant women among cases of COVID-19 was 1.45%. Pneumonia in pregnant women was registered in 44.8% of cases, severe course of the disease - in 3.7%, hospitalization in RAW - in 1.9% of cases, mechanical ventilation - 0. In the population, pneumonia was registered in 24.4% of cases, hospitalized in RAW - 2.1%, on mechanical ventilation - 0.77%. The incidence in pregnant women was 1464.7 per 100000 (in the population - 591.8 per 100 000). 23 (1.76%) COVID-19 (+) newborns were identified, despite preventive measures and separation of mother and child immediately after childbirth, which does not exclude vertical transmission of the disease. Maternal mortality was 2 cases (0.1%) vs population mortality 1.49%. Perinatal mortality was 7 cases (0.35%). There were 5 (0.25%) stillbirths. Early neonatal mortality was 2 (0.1%) cases. Conclusion. The incidence of COVID-19 in pregnant women in the Far East and Siberia is higher than in the general population with a higher incidence of pneumonia, but a milder course: less need for ICU, mechanical ventilation and mortality. 23 cases of SARSCoV-2-positive newborns, despite the separation of mother and child, do not exclude the possibility of vertical transmission of infection. Keywords: COVID-19, pregnancy, epidemiology, incidence, pneumonia, mortality

Comparative analysis of maternal mortality in the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
T.E. Belokrinitskaya ◽  
◽  
N.V. Artymuk ◽  
O.S. Filippov ◽  
E.M. Shifman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Obstetric Hemorrhage ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Far Eastern

Objective. To perform comparative analysis of parameters and structure of maternal mortality (MM) in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) and Siberian Federal District (SFD) in 2014–2019. Materials and methods. The database for analysis was generated using map-based emergency notifications of maternal deaths (69 in FEFD and 180 in SFD). We used methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2-test, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results. Between 2014 and 2018, the dynamics of MM in the FEFD and SFD had a one-way trend: it decreased in 2014–2017, but dramatically increased in 2018 primarily due to social factors. In 2019, we observed a significant growth of MM in the FEFD, while the SFD demonstrated a reduction of MM. The most common cause of maternal death in both districts was extragenital diseases. However, there were some differences in the structure of obstetric causes: in FEFD, preeclampsia and obstetric hemorrhage were the most frequent obstetric causes of death, while in SFD, women primarily developed embolism and placental abruption. Conclusion. The dynamics and structure of MM in the FEFD and SFD require management decisions aimed at improving medical care with the consideration of clinical guidelines, organization of continuous audit, systematic development of practical teamwork skills both in simulation training centers and healthcare institutions. Key words: Far Eastern Federal District, maternal mortality, Siberian Federal District

PROBLEMS OF REALIZING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry P. Zorin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Operation of Gibrat’s Law in Cities of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Inna Manaeva
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Gibrat’S Law ◽  
The North ◽  
Gibrat's Law ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Annual Number

Foreign researchers are testing Gibrat’s law on the example of firms, regions and countries. The importance of empirical confirmation of this law lies in the fact that it allows us to determine whether the population of a city, region or country as a whole has a common growth path and whether there is single size dependence between them. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to expand the indicators to assess the growth of cities using Gibrat’s law in modern Russian conditions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the feasibility of Gibrat’s law in Russian cities by indicators: population of the city, population density in the city, average annual number of employees in enterprises in the city, average monthly wage in the city, number of enterprises and organizations in the city, as well as to determine the appropriateness of using this law for urban systems of Russia. In the Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts (2009–2016), in the North-Western, Volga, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts (2016–2018), the growth rate of cities does not depend on their initial size. Gibrat’s law was confirmed for the following indicators: population density in a city in 2009–2016 in the Siberian Federal District, in 2016–2018 in all federal districts, except for the North Caucasian Federal District; average annual number of employees in a city in the Southern (2003–2009, 2009–2016), Ural (2009–2016), Siberian (2009–2016), Northwestern (2016–2018), North Caucasian (2016–2018) and Far Eastern (2016–2018) federal districts; average monthly salary in the cities of the Siberian Federal District (2009–2016), in the Central, Northwestern and Ural Federal Districts (2016–2018); number of enterprises and organizations in the city in the Southern Federal District (2009–2016), in the North Caucasian, Volga, Ural and Siberian federal districts (2016–2018).

scholarly journals Current State and Main Trends of Foreign Trade Development in Far Eastern Federal District

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Yakov Sukhodolov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Asian Pacific Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the current specificity of foreign trade ties of the Far Eastern Federal District. It presents a brief analysis of dynamics of the volumes and commodity structure of the export-import operations of the Far Eastern Federal District. At present, of specific significance for the regions of the Far East and Siberia is search for tolls of modernizing the economy with purpose of transition to innovative development. Foreign trade can be a perspective direction of socio-economic development of Russia’s Far East. Far Eastern Federal District is export-oriented, but in the export commodity structure the mineral raw groups of commodities prevail, which decreases its positive effect. Expansion of trade-economic and investment cooperation with the countries of the Asian-Pacific region in the field of developing processing industries and machine building oriented at increasing the depth of mineral resources processing and growth of the ready-made products export can become the basis of sustainable development of the Far East.

scholarly journals Territories of Advanced Development as a link in the development of the territorial socio-economic systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
П.Я. Бакланов
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
General Description ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Advanced Development

В 2014 г. в Правительстве РФ был разработан новый инструмент развития Дальнего Востока – создание территорий опережающего развития (ТОР). Был принят специальный федеральный закон (ФЗ). К настоящему времени в Дальневосточном федеральном округе во всех субъектах, кроме Магаданской области, определены 20 ТОР, под которые выделяется компактная территория с наличием благоприятных условий социально-экономического развития и ряда крупных инвестиционных проектов, благодаря чему эта территория может стать точкой роста и способствовать развитию района в целом. В статье приводится общая характеристика ТОР Дальнего Востока, обобщены проблемы, проявляющиеся на стадии их создания. Дается детальная характеристика одной из первых ТОР – Надеждинской, формирующейся вблизи Владивостока. Для этой ТОР был разработан План перспективного развития, включающий оценку основных предпосылок и конкурентных преимуществ ее формирования, обоснование приоритетных видов деятельности, обобщенную оценку экономической эффективности и перспектив пространственного развития. В будущем на Дальнем Востоке возможно образование новых ТОР по глубокой переработке природных ресурсов суши и моря на основе новейших инновационных технологий. В ряде случаев целесообразно создание ТОР регионального значения с введением местных преференций, что будет стимулировать местные инициативы. При этом будут использованы имеющиеся благоприятные условия комплексного пространственного развития. In 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation has established a new tool for the development of the Far East by forming a territory of advanced development (TAD). A specific Federal Law (FL) has been passed. Today, 20 TADs have been determined in all federal units of the Far Eastern Federal District, except for Magadan Oblast. TAD is allocated on a compact area with favorable conditions for socio-economic development and a number of large investment projects, stipulating its conversion into a growth point and input to the development of the region as a whole. The article provides a general description of the TADs in the Far East with their schematic maps, generalizes the problems that appear at the stage of their creation. A detailed description of one of the first TAD, Nadezhdinskaya TAD, near Vladivostok is given. A long-term development plan, highlighting and justifying the priority economic activities and resident companies was developed for this TAD under the supervision of the author.

Implementation of the state policy in the Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
S. N. Naiden ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the measures and results of the implementation of government strategies, programs, concepts adopted in the period 2009-2019. and aimed at the development of the subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district for the period up to 2025. Monitoring of indicators of demography of the population, living standards and development of social infrastructure was carried out. A comparative analysis of the actual and program indicators of development, as well as the responses of the socio-demographic system of the region to institutional innovations in the period 2009-2019 has been carried out. It has been established that, despite the abundance of adopted documents and a significant number of developed and applied measures, the achievement of the set goals, in any case, to maximize the population, has not been achieved. It is shown that the intensity of reproduction of social infrastructure facilities remains low, which weakly contributes to overcoming negative migration dynamics. The necessity of adjusting measures of state regulation in the field of social development and creating a comfortable living environment has been substantiated

Transport system of the Far East: effects of a «new model» of the macro-region development

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
A. B. Bardal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
New Model ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
Far Eastern

The Far-Eastern federal district today is characterized by one of the lowest indicators of economic development. Maintaining the socio-economic system of the region requires substantial resources from the state. Specificity of the region determines the need to apply special management decisions. The tools for stimulating the regional economy include priority development of the territories, the free port of Vladivostok, regional investment projects etc. These instruments have been implemented since 2014 as a part of the «new model» of regional development. Organization of the new production facilities and expected growth in the export volumes will require development of the region's transport system. The «new model» of economic development of the Far East formulates a new task for the development of transport system, including new goals, projects, spatial aspects of the development of transport infrastructure and vehicles. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic effects of a new model for development of the Far East in the transport system. Using the standard methods for analyzing statistical information, dynamics of the transport indicators of the Far-Eastern federal district and the directions of state support for the creation of infrastructure in the period 2015-2019 are considered. It was revealed that the development of transport infrastructure for the companies-residents of the territories of advanced development does not have a significant impact on the overall dynamics of the transport network of the Far East. The projects implemented in the terms of transport infrastructure are of a local nature and are designed to meet the needs of individual enterprises through the creation of small sections of roads and railways. The main direction of influence the applied measures of the state support will have on the transport accessibility of the deposits of the region within the framework of regional investment projects. Thus, the «new model» for the development of the Far East actually supports and strengthens the existing transport and transit model of the regional economy.

ACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE FAR EAST REGIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Artem S. Lukyanets ◽  
◽  
Roman V. Manshin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Far East ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Federal District ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Working Age ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the main factors in the formation of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The article discusses in detail the main indicators that form the integral human development index, developed by the specialists of the United Nations Development Program. The key characteristics of socio-economic processes were identified, an analysis of the most important economic indicators of the studied subjects of the Russian Federation was given. It was found that one of the most important components of human capital is the social and economic stability of society. In the regions of the Far East, on the whole, an unfavorable socio-economic situation has developed, which directly affects human capital. It was found that, despite the higher level of income compared to the average for Russia, the real incomes of residents, adjusted for the cost of living in the considered regions, turned out to be lower than in Russia. An important factor in the development of human capital is the life expectancy of the population, which in the regions of the Far East is below the national average and does not reach the planned targets set by the Concept of the Demographic Policy of the Far East for the period up to 2025. It has been established that the main contribution is made by external causes of death in the male working-age population in the most sparsely populated regions, characterized by a low level of development of medical infrastructure and its availability. Another factor in the development of human capital is the level of education of the population. The development of this factor in the Far East repeats the all-Russian trajectory, maintaining the tendency to reduce the number of educational institutions at all levels, an increase in the number of students in programs of primary secondary and complete education is recorded. The persistence of such trends, together with changes in the age structure of the population, can negatively affect the development of human capital in the regions of the Far East.

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