Torah against the Virus, Rabbis against the Government: Ultra-Orthodoxy Facing the Pandemic

The paper discusses a number of the most remarkable responses to the COVID‑19 pandemic and to the social isolation measures coming from several, mostly ultra‑Orthodox, Jewish communities in Israel, the United States, and Russia. It examines major elements of the crisis discourse, i.e., the hermeneutics of the causes and meanings of the pandemic; the affirmation of group borders and hierarchies as a result of the search for culprits; the relations between the religious community and the state; as well as the possible transformations of social behavior and ritual practices resulting from the crisis.

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The Dowry as a Crime in Disguise of Gifts: Evidences from Sadar and Faridganj Upazilla of Chandpur District

Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration (BJPA) ◽

10.36609/bjpa.v26i1.28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Towhidur Rahman ◽

Mahmuda Kulsum Moni ◽

Md. Samaun Khalid3 ◽

Farhana Begum ◽

TamannaTabassum Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

The United States ◽

Child Marriage ◽

African Countries ◽

Her Family ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

Day By Day

Dowry is a despicable affliction in society. The social evil has become a barrier for women in everysphere of life. The culture of dowry can be found not only in sub-continent but also in Europe, China,The United States, and also in African countries. A Dowry means the transfer of property by the brideor her family to the groom as an arrangement of marriage. When a bride or her family pays money orany other movable or immovable property, it is called dowry, which is also known as the bride pricein the sub-continent. Though the dowry is most common in the rural area, it cannot be said that it isabsent in cities. Instead, it is used as a disguise of gifts in women's marriage where the parents of themarriageable woman are bound to give dowry as a gift to the groom. This anathematization of dowryis increasing day by day in society. Social problems like child marriage, physical and mental abuse tothe women, divorce and even killing of women are the consequences of dowry. The government ofBangladesh has taken significant steps to eradicate this practice. The punishment for dowry-relatedcrimes is severe, which has been amalgamated in the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1980. The mostimportant step is to create consciousness among people, especially in the rural areas, to stop thepractice of dowry from the society. This study will help the practice and people of the society to goforward to abate the dowry practice.

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The Social Darwinist ideology in American domestic policy at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201984213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 188-194

Author(s):

Pavel Nikolaevich Mukhataev

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Minor Component ◽

The United States ◽

Domestic Policy ◽

Historical Period ◽

Political Processes ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

A Minor

This paper presents an attempt to analyze the interrelation between American domestic policy and the Social Darwinist ideology at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Soviet and Russian historiography presents a deep analysis of socio-economic and political processes in that period in terms of criticism of liberal ideology and market economics. Significant social stratification was explained by insufficiently developed socially directed normative base, illegal interaction between representatives of large business and politicians, the purpose of which was personal enrichment, etc. In general, the economic and political system of the United States in the late XIX - early XX centuries was criticized from Russian scientists. In Soviet literature the conclusion was made about the insolvency of bourgeois ideology, with elements of criticism of Social Darwinism as a minor component of this ideology. American historiography considers the subject of our study more wholly. Foreign historiography, basically, analyzes the connection of American domestic policy with the activities of financial magnates, who were becoming a new serious power in American politics. This paper attempts to explain the connection between the American domestic policy and the Social Darwinist discourse, which was an undoubted part of the intellectual and daily life of citizens in that historical period. The author points to the significant influence of the Social Darwinist ideology in the adoption of key inner-political decisions by the government of the United States.

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Iran’s Second Revolution; A Millennial Challenge to the House of Saud

Cold War in the Islamic World ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190944650.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 71-92

Author(s):

Dilip Hiro

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Middle East ◽

The United States ◽

Jimmy Carter ◽

Remedial Action ◽

Cultural Life ◽

The Social ◽

State And Society ◽

The Government ◽

Iranian State

Having overthrown the pro-Washington Shah, Khomeini set out to purge the Iranian state and society of American influence. He was aided by the surprise occupation of the United States Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 by militant students. The capture of secret CIA reports on the Middle East by the Iranian occupiers gave credibility to the regime’s description of the Embassy as a “nest of spies,” and created a rationale for taking 52 US diplomats as hostage. The crisis lasted 444 days and ended with Ronald Reagan’s inauguration as president in January 1981 after his defeat of the incumbent Jimmy Carter, a Democrat. Quite independently, Saudi King Khalid faced an unprecedented challenge to the legitimacy of the House of Saud when on the eve of .the Islamic New Year of 1400 – 20 November 1979 – hundreds of armed militant Wahhabis, led by Juheiman al Utaiba seized the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Utaiba called for the overthrow of the royal family for deviating from Wahhabism. Aided by the American and French intelligence agencies and Pakistani soldiers, the government regained control of the Grand Mosque. It then took remedial action by imposing strict Wahhabi rules on the social-cultural life of citizens.

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Mumps Outbreak in Orthodox Jewish Communities in the United States

New England Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1056/nejmoa1202865 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 367 (18) ◽

pp. 1704-1713 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Albert E. Barskey ◽

Cynthia Schulte ◽

Jennifer B. Rosen ◽

Elizabeth F. Handschur ◽

Elizabeth Rausch-Phung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Orthodox Jewish ◽

Jewish Communities

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Transparency and Executive Authority

10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Naticchia

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Contract ◽

The United States ◽

Sovereign Power ◽

Intelligence Gathering ◽

Executive Authority ◽

The Social ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The Government ◽

Government Secrecy

This chapter will examine the extent (if any) to which sovereign power and executive authority may be justifiably exercised through secret laws. Generally speaking, social contract views reject such secrecy—insisting instead that laws must be public. In opposition to this apparent view of the social contract tradition, we have recent developments in the United States. These developments go beyond mere government attempts to classify information or to bar disclosure of intelligence-gathering methods or capabilities. They also include maintaining secrecy in the law through which the government exercises the authority it claims. For example, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court issues classified rulings, creating a body of secret law that determines, by implication, which surveillance activities are consistent, and which inconsistent, with the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches without a particularized warrant based on probable cause. This chapter will argue that the social contract tradition itself may contain resources for defending these sorts of actions. It will explore whether paternalistic principles, whose scope is determined through contractarian reasoning, might be able to account for some government secrecy that extends beyond classifying information and protecting intelligence methods and capabilities to maintaining secrecy in some governing laws themselves. The question would be whether such limited paternalism—limited to cases involving “infirmities” of our reason or will—may be justifiably expanded to cover cases where those infirmities are absent, but where typical citizens may simply be “squeamish” about the judgments that certain executive decisions require.

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Muscular Christianity

10.1093/oso/9780198798071.003.0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

The United States ◽

Ethnic Community ◽

Religious Community ◽

Personal Relationship ◽

The Social ◽

Political Environments ◽

Muscular Christianity

‘Muscular Christianity’ was a term invented in England in 1857 to describe those Christians who saw moral and religious value in sports, and who argued that churches could and should promote this. Similar ideas developed in the United States about the same time. They emerged later in France, but by the 1890s the Catholic sporting movement was growing. The typical Muscular Christian of the early twentieth century was often a Catholic, who saw himself as a champion of his church and sometimes of his ethnic community. In the later twentieth century, he (or she) was most likely to be an evangelical Protestant, to whom a personal relationship with Jesus mattered more than membership of a specific religious community. This chapter aims to offer a long-term view, showing how these meanings have changed by contrasting the social and political environments of England, France, and the United States.

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Reclaiming ‘antique’ data: Charles Booth's poverty survey

Urban History ◽

10.1017/s0963926800008026 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kevin Bales

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Chicago School ◽

The United States ◽

Social Survey ◽

Influence Spread ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

A Minor

The place of Charles Booth's London poverty survey within an empirical tradition of sociology has been much discussed in recent years. The pivotal position which Booth had in this tradition was highlighted by Philip Abrams especially. Booth's achievement, it has been claimed, was to illuminate the structural underpinnings of poverty rather than just its extent. In doing so he not only challenged the assumptions of political economy but brought new life to the tradition of house-to-house surveys and case-studies as practised by those involved in the statistical movement of the nineteenth century in Britain. Booth sought answers to narrowly denned social problems, seeking to generate new and superior data capable of bearing the questions. His was the habit of ‘ad hoc compartmentalised research’, from which one main line of development was the government enquiries of the Webb era and beyond. Another line of descent can be traced in the social survey movement centred in the United States, and through this Booth's influence spread to the Chicago school of urban sociologists. Despite this wideranging influence those who followed Booth's lead studied his own descriptions of his findings and methods, and rarely, if ever, looked behind the published volumes to the varied materials generated by the large-scale research project he masterminded. These materials represent a rich and varied source of data which have so far been relatively little used by historians, and then mainly in a minor illustrative way.

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USA at the Stage of Catch-Up Development

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2012-1-51-60 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

A. El’yanov

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Progress ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

The Social ◽

The Usa ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Government ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Role Of The Government

The author deals with the lessons of the period of the so-called catch-up development in the United States of America (XVIII – the beginning of XX century). The overall thrust of the social and economic progress of this relatively young nation was then determined by the aspiration to adopt technological, organizational and managerial achievements of more advanced economies of the Old World. The author stresses that without resorting to this period of the American history it is difficult to understand the reasons for the extraordinary economic and social take-off of the USA. The author examines the origins of the industrial recovery, the role of the government and the main directions of development policies at that stage. A conclusion is made that the United States succeeded in prudently managing the nation’s resources and the available incomes. By ensuring favorable conditions for life and business procedures the government greatly facilitated the creative forces and rapid economic progress.

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Another Crack in the Mirror: The Politics of AIDS Prevention in Mexico

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.2190/jkyx-k9h8-1bly-c6kn ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 129-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heactor Carrillo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Aids Prevention ◽

The United States ◽

Prevention Messages ◽

The Social ◽

Political Forces ◽

Education Interventions ◽

The Government ◽

Political Right ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Beginning in the mid-1980s, nongovernmental groups and the government in Mexico launched efforts to combat AIDS by addressing the population openly and directly. The content and tone of AIDS prevention messages in Mexico have been strongly influenced by models developed in the United States, even when the social conditions of Mexico are strikingly different. However, the local organization of AIDS prevention efforts in Mexico has differed sharply from efforts in large U.S. cities in terms of the distribution of funds and the role played by civil society in the creation of programs. Based on the premise that social and political forces may strongly influence the success, or failure, of health education interventions, this article analyzes the emergence of AIDS prevention in the Mexican context. The epidemiological characteristics of AIDS in Mexico, the governmental response to the epidemic, the role of nongovernmental groups, the availability of funds, the opposition of the political right, and the adoption of models imported from the United States are all considered to be important factors that shape current efforts. The article highlights possible directions for future development of AIDS prevention in Mexico.

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