scholarly journals Distribusi Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue dan Habitat Perkembangbiakan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti serta Indeks Pupa pada Daerah Endemis dan Non Endemis di Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Wadu Wila ◽  
Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto ◽  
Mujiyanto Mujiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cluster Distribution ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia has spread in 34 provinces and 463 districts/cities. The Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF in East Sumba Regency in 2016 was 28.84 and 2017 increased to 55.28/100,000 population. The descriptive research was to describe the pattern of the spread of DHF cases and the habitat for the proliferation of DHF vectors and index pupae in the DHF endemic and non-endemic areas.The results showed that the Nearest Neighbor Ratio value in endemic areas was 0.292003 and in non-endemic areas was 0.718375. Moreover, the house pupae index was 53.3% and 41.0%, respectively The number of pupae/houses in endemic areas was 16.9 pupae/house, and in non-endemic areas was 11.9 pupae per house. The average pupae in each container in endemic areas were 3.6 pupae/container and sporadic areas were 2.2 pupae/container. The pupae/person value in endemic areas was 3.5 pupae/person and non-endemic areas was 2.2 pupae/person. The study concluded that there was a spatial relationship between DHF cases and DHF vector habitat with cluster distribution patterns. The number of pupae per house and pupae per person is still above the threshold value for DHF transmission in both endemic and non endemic areas. Keywords: DHF, endemicity, habitat, pupae index, East Sumba Abstrak DBD di Indonesia telah menyebar di 34 provinsi dan 463 kabupaten/Kota. Incidence Rate (IR) DBD pada tahun 2015 sebesar 89,37/100.000 penduduk dan menurun pada tahun 2016 menjadi 78,85/100.000 penduduk. Incidence Rate (IR) DBD di Kabupaten Sumba Timur tahun 2016 sebesar 28,84 dan 2017 meningkat menjadi 55,28/100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pola penyebaran kasus DBD dan habitat perkembangbiakan vektor DBD serta pupa indeks di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, NTT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Nearest Neighbour Ratio daerah endemis sebesar 0,292003, dan pada daerah non endemis sebesar 0,718375. House pupae index pada daerah endemis sebesar 53,3 % dan daerah non endemis 41,0%. Jumlah pupae/rumah pada daerah endemis lebih besar yaitu 16,9 pupae/rumah dan daerah non endemis sebanyak 11,9 pupae per rumah. Rata-rata pupae pada setiap container pada daerah endemis sebanyak 3,6 pupae/container dan daerah sporadis sebesar 2,2 pupae/container. Nilai pupae/person pada daerah endemis sebesar 3,5 pupae/person dan daerah non endemis 2,2 pupae/person. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terdapat hubungan spasial antara kasus DBD dan habitat vektor DBD dengan pola penyebaran cluster. Jumlah pupa per rumah dan pupa per orang masih di atas nilai ambang batas penularan DBD baik pada daerah endemis maupun non endemis. Kata kunci: DBD endemisitas, habitat, pupa indeks, Sumba Timur

scholarly journals Detection of areas of endemism on two spatial scales using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE): the Neotropical region and the Atlantic Forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Sérgio Sigrist ◽  
Claudio José Barros de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Analysis Scale ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

An important biological challenge today is the conservation of biodiversity. Biogeography, the study of the distribution patterns of organisms, is an important tool for this challenge. Endemism, the co-occurrence of several species unique to the same area, has important implications for the preservation of biodiversity, since many areas of endemism are also areas with large human impact. More rigorously defined, areas of endemism are historical units of distributional congruence of monophyletic taxa. These areas often assumed to be due to nonrandom historical events that favored conditions associated with high rates of speciation. Thus, understanding endemism and the delimitation of endemic areas has important implications for conservation. Today, most studies delimit areas of endemism by superimposing maps of distribution for various species. This approach suffers from arbitrary delimitations, however, when a great distributional data is used. In this paper we used the method of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on georeferenced quadrats in order to delimit areas of endemism. This modality of the method is important due to its testable nature and can also be used to infer area relationships. We applied the method to raw distributional data from 19 unrelated taxa to delimit general patterns of endemism in the Neotropical Region and in the Atlantic forest domain using different grid scales. Neotropical areas found are comprised over the Panama region, northern Andean region and the Atlantic forest. Atlantic forest showed a major division into two distinct components (northern x southern). Endemic areas delimited using smaller scale grids on the Atlantic forest should be considered for conservation priorities once they showed endemism at regional and local scales. The results were also compared to other studies using different taxa and methods. Finally, some considerations on the analysis scale and future perspectives of the method are presented.

scholarly journals Stability and Hopf Bifurcation for a Delayed SIR Epidemic Model with Logistic Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakui Xue ◽  
Tiantian Li
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Sir Epidemic Model ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Sir Epidemic

We study a delayed SIR epidemic model and get the threshold value which determines the global dynamics and outcome of the disease. First of all, for anyτ, we show that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; whenR0<1, the disease will die out. Directly afterwards, we prove that the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable for anyτ=0; whenR0>1, the disease will persist. However, for anyτ≠0, the existence conditions for Hopf bifurcations at the endemic equilibrium are obtained. Besides, we compare the delayed SIR epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate to the one with bilinear incidence rate. At last, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate and verify the conclusions.

Virus-specific proteins and RNAs from cells infected with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) viruses derived from endemic areas of the U.S.S.R.

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Lukashevich ◽  
E. A. Tkachenko ◽  
N. N. Lemeshko ◽  
G. V. Rezapkin ◽  
T. A. Stelmakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Endemic Areas

The threshold for a stochastic within-host CHIKV virus model with saturated incidence rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150042
Author(s):  
C. Gokila ◽  
M. Sambath
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Stationary Distribution ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Saturated Incidence Rate ◽  
Number Formula ◽  
Saturated Incidence ◽  
Virus Model ◽  
Global Positive Solution

This paper deals with stochastic Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus model along with saturated incidence rate. We show that there exists a unique global positive solution and also we obtain the conditions for the disease to be extinct. We also discuss about the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the model, through a suitable Lyapunov function. The stationary distribution validates the occurrence of disease; through that, we find the threshold value for prevail and disappear of disease within host. With the help of numerical simulations, we validate the stochastic reproduction number [Formula: see text] as stated in our theoretical findings.

scholarly journals TRANSMISI TRANSOVARIAL VIRUS DENGUE PADA NYAMUKAEDES SPP.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angle M. H. Sorisi
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the most serious health problems in Indonesia which often causes outbreaks with numerous deaths. The disease is transmitted byAedes sp.females. Generally, dengue virus transmission occurs horizontally from human carriers, and the dengue viruses are passed on bytheir vectors through blood sucking activity. After propagation in the mosquito, the viruses are transmitted to human recipients. In addition, there is a vertical transmission (transovarial) of dengue virusesin the ova of Aedes sp.females. The viruses propagate in the ova that undergo  metamorphosis to become larvae, pupae, and imagoes. The transovarial transmission of dengue virusesin its vectors in endemic areas could be a causative key which is responsible for the phenomenon of increasing cases of DHF. Any effort to prevent and control DHF requires a thorough understanding about virDen transmission, including this transovarial transmission in Aedes spfemales. Keywords: DHF, transovarial transmission, Aedes sp.     Abstrak: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang semakin serius di Indonesia dan sering menimbulkan suatu Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) dengan jumlah kematian tinggi. Penyakit ditularkan melalui Aedes sp.betina. Transmisi virus dengue umumnya terjadi secara horizontal, yaitu dari manusia pembawa virus dengue ke nyamuk vektor Aedes sp. melalui aktivitasnya mengisap darahSetelah mengalami propagasi  dalam  tubuh nyamuk, virus dengue ditularkan ke  manusia penerima. Selain itu, transmisi virus dapat terjadi secara vertikal (transovarial) yaitu virus dengue dalam tubuh nyamuk vektorAedes sp. betinake ovum, kemudian berpropagasi dalam ovum, larva, pupa, dan imago. Transmisi transovarial virus dengueke vektornya di daerah endemik bisa menjadi kunci penyebab yang bertanggung jawab terhadap fenomena peningkatan kasus deman berdarah dengue. Upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan DBD memerlukan pengetahuan yang matang tentang adanya infeksi transovarial virDen pada nyamuk Aedes sp. Kata kunci : DBD, transmisi transovarial,  Aedes sp.

scholarly journals A CASE OF IMPORTED DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN OMSK

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
A. D. Safonov
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Endemic Areas

The paper provides a clinical and laboratory description of a case of dengue hemorrhagic fever imported by our countryman from Thailand to Omsk. It shows that the hemorrhagic fever of the disease may be developed in Russian citizens during multiple visits to endemic areas.

Setting Attribute Weights for Nearest Neighbor Learning Algorithms Using C4.5

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles X. Ling ◽  
John J. Parry ◽  
Handong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Distance Function ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Attribute Weights ◽  
New Methods

Nearest Neighbour (NN) learning algorithms utilize a distance function to determine the classification of testing examples. The attribute weights in the distance function should be set appropriately. We study situations where a simple approach of setting attribute weights using decision trees does not work well, and design three improvements. We test these new methods thoroughly using artificially generated datasets and datasets from the machine learning repository.

Atomic Interchange Potentials Calculation of Ni-Al-Cr Alloy Based on Microscopic Phase Field Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 739-746
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Dong ◽  
Zhang Jing ◽  
Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Phase Field Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Atomic Interaction ◽  
Long Range Order ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of increasing atomic interchange potentials to the precipitation process and microstructure of Ni-Al-Cr alloy have been simulated based on the microscopic phase field theory. The first nearest neighbour atomic interchange potentials of Ni-Al-Cr alloys for L12 and D022 phase was calculated out according to the formula which were referenced on the relation equation between atomic interchange potentials and long range order parameters by Khachaturyan. The results indicated that Ni-Al (WNi-Al) and Ni-Cr (WNi-Cr) s first nearest neighbor atomic interaction potentials will increase linearly while the temperatures rose. Moreover WNi-Al increased but WNi-Cr decreased roughly linearly if Al atoms concentration rose, and conversely inversed. In addition, these atomic interchange potentials changing with temperature and concentration were in good agreement with earlier study.

scholarly journals The connection between vortex-like topological excitations and conventional excitations in quantum ferromagnetic spin systems on two-dimensional lattice and their stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (29) ◽  
pp. 1550209
Author(s):  
Subhajit Sarkar ◽  
Ranjan Chaudhury ◽  
Samir K. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
System Size ◽  
Heisenberg Ferromagnet ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
Topological Excitations

In this paper, we present a scheme for the construction of quantum states of vortex-like topological excitations corresponding to spin-1/2 strongly XY-anisotropic nearest neighbor Heisenberg ferromagnet on two-dimensional lattice. The procedure involving Pauli spin basis states is carried out corresponding to both infinite dilute limit and finite density limit of vortex/anti-vortex. It is found that the corresponding quantum mechanical states representing charge 1 quantum vortices/anti-vortices can be expressed as linear combinations of single magnon states, composite multi-magnon states and the ground state. Detailed calculations show that these states are quantum mechanically stable states of the Hamiltonian only when the system size exceeds certain threshold value. Our analysis indicates that the interactions between different magnon modes can very well generate these topological excitations. Possible applications of our calculations to real magnetic systems are also discussed. Magnetic measurements probing spin dynamics may be undertaken to verify the existence of the threshold size for the stability of vortices.

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