Synthesis, characterization of blue fluorescent carbon nanoparticle and its in-vitro toxicity evaluation

Aim: The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from a new precursor and to evaluate its effect on the viability of healthy seeds and cell lines. Methodology: The CNPs were synthesized by acid assisted carbonization of carbohydrate and its characteristics such as size, fluorescence property and purity of samples were evaluated for confirmation. Cytotoxic studies were performed in MCF 10a cell lines using 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay whereas the phytotoxic assay was conducted by using scallions and Indian pearl millet. Results: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that nano-sized CNPs [10-40 nm] were synthesized and its characteristic peaks were observed in Ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectrum. The Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis confirmed the presence of carbon and oxygen without any impurities. It was non-cytotoxic for healthy MCF 10a cell lines and did not affect the germination rate of Indian pearl millets at higher concentrations. In both toxicity studies, the viability of cells and plants was >95% even after exposure to a high concentration of CNPs. Interpretation: The non-cytotoxic and non-phytotoxic nature of CNPs implies that it does not affect the growth of plants, seedling germination and healthy cell lines. It can be considered as a compatible and safe material for MCF 10a cell lines and plants.

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Testing Strategies of the In Vitro Micronucleus Assay for the Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials in BEAS-2B Cells

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1929

Author(s):

Tereza Cervena ◽

Andrea Rossnerova ◽

Tana Zavodna ◽

Jitka Sikorova ◽

Kristyna Vrbova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochalasin B ◽

Culture Media ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Micronucleus Assay ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Testing Strategies ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Impact

The evaluation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) is a broadly utilised approach in in vitro toxicity testing. Nevertheless, the specific properties of nanomaterials (NMs) give rise to concerns regarding the optimal methodological variants of the MN assay. In bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), we tested the genotoxicity of five types of NMs (TiO2: NM101, NM103; SiO2: NM200; Ag: NM300K, NM302) using four variants of MN protocols, differing in the time of exposure and the application of cytochalasin-B combined with the simultaneous and delayed co-treatment with NMs. Using transmission electron microscopy, we evaluated the impact of cytochalasin-B on the transport of NMs into the cells. To assess the behaviour of NMs in a culture media for individual testing conditions, we used dynamic light scattering measurement. The presence of NMs in the cells, their intracellular aggregation and dispersion properties were comparable when tests with or without cytochalasin-B were performed. The genotoxic potential of various TiO2 and Ag particles differed (NM101 < NM103 and NM302 < NM300K, respectively). The application of cytochalasin-B tended to increase the percentage of aberrant cells. In conclusion, the comparison of the testing strategies revealed that the level of DNA damage induced by NMs is affected by the selected methodological approach. This fact should be considered in the interpretation of the results of genotoxicity tests.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extract fractions

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05472-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sospeter N. Njeru ◽

Jackson M. Muema

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Vero Cells ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Root Extract ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Information Gap ◽

Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Objectives We and others have shown that Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various biological activities. However, there is a lack of information on its cytotoxicity. This has created an information gap about the safety of A. pluriseta extracts. As an extension to our recent publication on the antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical characterization of A. pluriseta root extracts, here we report on cytotoxicity of tested solvent fractions. We evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of these root extract fractions on Vero cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results We show that all solvent extract fractions (except methanolic solvent fractions) had cytotoxic concentration values that killed 50% of the Vero cells (CC50) greater than 20 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) greater than 1.0. Taken together, we demonstrate that, A. pluriseta extract fractions’ earlier reported bioactivities are within the acceptable cytotoxicity and selective index limits. This finding scientifically validates the potential use of A. pluriseta in the discovery of safe therapeutics agents.

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Search for specific markers of neoplastic epithelial duct and myoepithelial cell lines established from human salivary gland and characterization of their growth in vitro

Cancer ◽

10.1002/1097-0142(19841215)54:12<2959::aid-cncr2820541225>3.0.co;2-5 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 2959-2967 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Mitsunobu Sato ◽

Yoshio Hayashi ◽

Hideo Yoshida ◽

Tetsuo Yanagawa ◽

Yoshiaki Yura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Myoepithelial Cell ◽

Human Salivary Gland

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NFB-01. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ATRX LOSS IN NF1-ASSOCIATED GLIOMA AND MPNST

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.605 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii417-iii418

Author(s):

Ming Yuan ◽

Karlyne Reilly ◽

Christine Pratilas ◽

Christopher Heaphy ◽

Fausto Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Tert Promoter ◽

Aggressive Tumors ◽

Sirna Knockdown ◽

Nih 3T3 ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Murine Glioma

Abstract To identify the biologic relevance of ATRX loss in NF1-associated gliomagenesis, we studied the effects of Atrx loss using four previously characterized Nf1+/-Trp53+/- murine glioma lines. Lines 130G#3 and 158D#8 (corresponding to grade IV and III gliomas, respectively) displayed preserved ATRX protein expression compared to NIH-3T3 cells. We studied the effects of Atrx knockdown in these two lines in the presence and absence of the TERT inhibitor, BIRBR1532. Using a telomere-specific FISH assay, we identified increased signal intensity after Atrx knockdown, only in the presence of the TERT inhibitor. These features are reminiscent of ALT, although there were no significant alterations in cell growth. Next, we studied the effect of ATRX loss in MPNST lines ST88-14, NF90-8, STS-26T. These cell lines all expressed ATRX and DAXX. However, STS-26T contained a TERT promoter mutation and ST88-14 had a known SNP in the TERT promoter, while NF90-8 had no alterations. ATRX siRNA knockdown showed no significant effects in cell proliferation or apoptosis. However, ATRX knockdown resulted in rare ultra-bright foci, indicative of ALT. Next, we studied the in vitro effect of the ATR inhibitor VE-821 in MPNST cell lines. Only NF90-8 (lacking TERT alterations) demonstrated a decrease in growth after ATRX knockdown and VE-821 treatment. However, ATRX knockdown alone did not affect sensitivity to carboplatin. Our findings further support a role for ATRX loss with subsequent ALT activation in a biologic subset of NF1-associated malignancies, thereby opening an opportunity for therapeutic targeting of these aggressive tumors using specific classes of drugs.

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In Vitro Identification and Characterization of CD133pos Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0003544 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. e3544 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Giovanni Zito ◽

Pierina Richiusa ◽

Alessandra Bommarito ◽

Elvira Carissimi ◽

Leonardo Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Carcinoma Cell ◽

Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽

Identification And Characterization ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma Cell

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Ivermectin induces autophagy-mediated cell death through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in glioma cells

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20192489 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jingjing Liu ◽

Hongsheng Liang ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Xiaoxing Wang ◽

Faling Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Anticancer Agent ◽

Glioma Cells ◽

Mtor Signaling ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide

Abstract Glioma is one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. Ivermectin (IVM), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, has been identified as a novel anticancer agent due to its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the ability of IVM to induce autophagy and its role in glioma cell death remains unclear. The main objective of the present study was to explore autophagy induced by IVM in glioma U251 and C6 cells, and the deep underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, we examined the effects of autophagy on apoptosis in glioma cells. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate autophagy activated by IVM. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Meanwhile, autophagy inhibition was achieved by using chloroquine (CQ). U251-derived xenografts were established for examination of IVM-induced autophagy on glioma in vivo. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that autophagy induced by IVM has a protective effect on cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IVM induced autophagy through AKT/mTOR signaling and induced energy impairment. Our findings show that IVM is a promising anticancer agent and may be a potential effective treatment for glioma cancers.

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Characterization of two related Epstein-Barr virus-encoded membrane proteins that are differentially expressed in Burkitt lymphoma and in vitro-transformed cell lines.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.83.15.5703 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 83 (15) ◽

pp. 5703-5707 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S. Modrow ◽

H. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Membrane Proteins ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Burkitt Lymphoma ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Transformed Cell ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Transformed Cell Lines

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Characterization of two new high-grade B-cell lymphoma cell lines with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements that are suitable for in vitro drug sensitivity studies

Leukemia & Lymphoma ◽

10.1080/10428194.2018.1508663 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 1043-1052

Author(s):

Marie-Sophie Dheur ◽

Hélène A. Poirel ◽

Geneviève Ameye ◽

Gaëlle Tilman ◽

Pascale Saussoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Lymphoma Cell ◽

High Grade ◽

Sensitivity Studies

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Fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for bone regeneration

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 555-560

Author(s):

Samirah ◽

Aniek Setiya Budiatin ◽

Ferdiansyah Mahyudin ◽

Junaidi Khotib

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Swelling Ratio ◽

High Concentration ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Bovine Hydroxyapatite

Abstract Objectives Alendronate are widely used in the treatment of bone disorders characterized by inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption such as Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, myeloma, bone metastases and osteoporosis. In recent studies alendronate improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby facilitating for bone regeneration. The disadvantages of this class are their poor bioavailability and side effects on oral and intravenous application such as stomach irritation and osteonecrosis in jaw. Thus, local treatment of alendronate is needed in order to achieve high concentration of drug. Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold with alendronate was studied. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent, increase the characteristics of this scaffold. The objectives of this study were to manufacture and characterize alendronate scaffold using bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Methods Preparation of cross-linked bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin and alendronate scaffold with different concentration of glutaraldehyde (0.00, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00%). The scaffolds were characterized for compressive strength, porosity, density, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and cytotoxicity (the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, shorted as MTT assay). Results Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked with glutaraldehyde showed lower density than without glutaraldehyde. As glutaraldehyde concentration increased, porosity also increased. Eventually, it reduced compressive strength. Swelling ratio and in vitro degradation was negatively dependent on glutaraldehyde concentration. In addition, the scaffold has a good safety by MTT assay. Conclusions Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold was fabricated with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The presence of glutaraldehyde on bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate is safe and suitable candidate scaffold for bone regeneration.

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