scholarly journals Contemporary Jewish Prose in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-134
Author(s):  
Olga B. Karasik-Updike
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Multicultural Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Jewish American ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of

The essay presents an overview of Jewish American prose of the second half of the 20th — first two decades of the 21st century within the context of multicultural literature of the USA. The definition of Jewish literature remains a matter of debate. The author of the essay based on the opinions of critics concludes on the criterion for assigning a writer to Jewish literature. It is the artistic embodiment of the personal Jewish experience and identity in the works of literature, the view “from inside,” the perspective of collective memory and the connection to history and culture. Jewish literature today is one of the most developed ethnic segments of multicultural American literature. Writers under study are recognized throughout the world, their works have been translated into many languages, including Russian, they are known to readers and have already become the subject of study by literary scholars. Today, Jewish American literature is represented by two generations of writers. “Senior” generation includes the authors born in the 1920s–30s who began their literary careers in the 60s when there was a generational change in national literature. “Young” generation is represented by the writers who began their literary careers in the 2000s. On the example of the works of the most famous authors of both generations, the author of the essay talks about the factors determining the specific features of Jewish American prose and its characteristic themes, problems, and motives: the search for identity and roots, the representation and rethinking of the Holocaust, ethnic stereotypes, the image of the Jewish family, and the traditions of Jewish humor. The study of the works of modern Jewish writers in the United States allows us to draw conclusions about the display of border consciousness, national and ethnic identity, and collective memory in fiction.

scholarly journals FINNISH AMERICAN IDENTITY AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS DETERMINATION IN FINNISH AMERICAN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-653
Author(s):  
Irina Vasilyevna Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Poetic Imagination ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Archetypal Images

The article focuses on one of the pressing problems of modern humanitarian knowledge - the problem of self-identification of hybrid cultures, in particular, the culture of the Finnish Americans. The ethnic diversity of the United States leads to a constant intersection of various cultures, giving rise to the uniqueness of contemporary American literary life. National, cultural, personal identity associated with the revision of the traditions that were assimilated in their diaspora acts as the main problem of multiculturalism - the ideology of plurality and diversity. Self-identification strategies may include the definition of one's religious, ethnic, gender determination. Very often, the community's collective trauma and collective memory of the historical past can act as a strategy. The main strategies of ethnic and cultural self-identification of Finnish American literature are represented by the collective memory, collective trauma, “Finnishness”, and the national Finnish epic “Kalevala”, which is used as a source of archetypal images and poetic imagination. Basing on a number of works by Finnish American writers of the second half of the 20 and 21 centuries in different genres (science fiction, historical novel, short stories), the article examines the creative application of the Finnish epic “Kalevala”, integrated into the experience of American existence as one of the main strategies for self-identification of its own culture, which is built on the dialogical interaction of the Anglo-Saxon and Finnish cultures. The article actualizes the problems of the interrelations of the two cultures, the transformation of archetypal images, the reflection of collective memory in the works of contemporary Finnish American writers.

Mahjong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jewish American ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Women's Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Heritage ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
Definition Of

Mahjong: A Chinese Game and the Making of Modern American Culture illustrates how the spaces between tiles and the moments between games have fostered distinct social cultures in the United States. When this mass-produced game crossed the Pacific it created waves of popularity over the twentieth century. Mahjong narrates the history of this game to show how it has created a variety of meanings, among them American modernity, Chinese American heritage, and Jewish American women’s culture. As it traveled from China to the United States and caught on with Hollywood starlets, high society, middle-class housewives, and immigrants alike, mahjong became a quintessentially American pastime. This book also reveals the ways in which women leveraged a game for a variety of economic and cultural purposes, including entrepreneurship, self-expression, philanthropy, and ethnic community building. One result was the forging of friendships within mahjong groups that lasted decades. This study unfolds in two parts. The first half is focused on mahjong’s history as related to consumerism, with a close examination of its economic and cultural origins. The second half explores how mahjong interwove with the experiences of racial inclusion and exclusion in the evolving definition of what it means to be American. Mahjong players, promoters, entrepreneurs, and critics tell a broad story of American modernity. The apparent contradictions of the game—as both American and foreign, modern and supposedly ancient, domestic and disruptive of domesticity—reveal the tensions that lie at the heart of modern American culture.

scholarly journals POETRY OF NATASHA TRETHEWEY IN CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lukyanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Poet Laureate ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The Right

The article provides an analysis of the presence of the American poet-laureate Natasha Trethewey in modern literary discourse. The publication emphasizes the need to combine the methods of linguistics and culturology, anthropology and everyday history in the study of the construction of everyday USA in the works of the poet. The author explains the relevance of certain topics in the work of N. Trethewey to understand the psychology of the African American population in the USA. The state of studying the work of the poet-laureate in domestic science is determined. Remarks were made on the specifics of the creative search for the master of the word. The article illustrates the problem of reflection and national (ethnic) consciousness through the prism of the poetic word. She became the poetic voice of black America in the early 21st century. The ambiguous African-American side of the history of the United States awoke in the pages of her collections. With the deepening equality movement that swept North America during Donald Trump’s reactionary presidency, the lines of her poetry condemning racism, showing the country's participation in the American nation's foundation, and the often painful diffusion of white and black worldviews sound rather poignant. America. These reflections gained special strength with the development of the Black Lives Matter public initiative. The author’s work is gaining weight with the emphasis of the world community on gender issues. During the existence of the award in its various forms, women struggled to fight for the right to be the face of American literature. Of the 30 poetry advisers in the Library of Congress (the award was named from 1936 to 1986), only 6 were women. Since the renaming of the award in 1986, an unprecedented wave of feminization has begun. In 2012, Natasha Trethewey became the sixth woman to work among the nineteen winners in this office at the Library of Congress since the late 1980s. The work was carried out within the framework of the research theme of the Department of Culturology of the Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V.G.Korolenko “Polylogue of the global and regional in the formation of the socio-cultural identity of the individual” (state registration number 0120U103840).

scholarly journals HISTORY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN THE USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Svitlana Shumaieva ◽  
Svitlana Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes the historical stages of inclusive education in the United States: the first – 1960 – the stage of segregation and marginalization of people with special educational needs, the second (from 1968 to 1975) – the stage of normalization, the idea of involving disabled students in the educational environment, the third stage – educational mainstreaming (1975–1983), the fourth stage – (1983–2004) – inclusive education characterized by joint training of people with special needs with peers using typical development, the fifth –mixed educational system – a comprehensive inclusive education system starting in 2004 and until now in the United States.It was determined that the definition of “special educational needs” (learning disability), means developmental delay, disorder of one or more processes related to speaking, reading, pronunciation, writing or arithmetic abilities as a result of possible cerebral dysfunction, but not in the result of mental disorders, loss of sensitivity, cultural, educational or upbringing factors. It has been found that disorder or disability is not one specific concept, but often a mixture of disorders grouped under one broad term, and inclusive education is seen as “the process of addressing and responding to the diverse needs of students by ensuring their participation in learning, cultural activities and community life and reducing exclusion in education and the learning process”. Now intellectual level is determined by using standard intelligence tests, mostly Stanford-Binet, that allows to use individualized curricula as a basis for teaching children with disabilities in inclusive settings. But it is still clear that even in such circumstances, the problems of inclusive education remain to be complex and ambiguous. Keywords: special educational needs, children with disabilities, inclusive environment, inclusion, child with special educational needs, inclusive education, state acts, US general education system.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE USA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY GOODS WITH INCREASED HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
S.M. Salikhova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Shakhaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Place ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Legal System ◽  
Definition Of

The relevance of the consideration of the problem of civil liability for harm caused by goods with increased hazardous properties is determined by the fact that such cases occupy an increasingly important place in judicial practice. This shows that not only the legal awareness of citizens is growing, but the very definition of “goods with increased dangerous properties” does not have all the principles of specificity. In this regard, one can turn to the experience of other countries, especially those where consumer protection has proven effective. The United States is one of such countries, where not only the culture of consumption is high, but also the legal culture. This combination allows the American legal system to respond to citizens ’appeals in a timely manner and resolve issues with an objective review of cases where liability for damage caused by goods with increased dangerous properties is considered. In the United States, the definition of civil liability for manufacturers and sellers of goods and services is governed by federal and state laws. Moreover, it is the laws of the states in most cases that govern the most important aspects related to determining the shortage of goods, services and work. It should be noted the importance of the precedent in the US legal system, which also determines many cases for determining civil liability for harm caused by some properties of goods. To compare the fundamentals of the legislation of the two countries in the studied area, the comparative legal research method was applied, which allows us to highlight general and excellent legislative norms. Based on the results of the comparison, it was concluded that the similarities and differences between the American and Russian legislation in terms of civil-steam liability for damage caused by goods with dangerous properties.

scholarly journals What Can Danish Multicultural Children’s Literature and African American Children’s Literature Learn from Each Other?

Barnboken ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Mansour ◽  
Michelle H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Multicultural Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multicultural Children's Literature ◽  
African American Children's Literature ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
Definition Of

In its pedagogical context, multicultural literature is defined as an instrument for multicultural education that seeks to include and raise the voices of historically silenced and invisible minorities in the school curriculum.The contemporary American definition of multicultural literature emphasizes #OwnVoices and elevates authentic stories from insider perspectives, while in Denmark, no clear line is drawn between the author’s background and the literary content when categorizing multicultural literature that depicts minorities’ experiences. In this article, an African American scholar and a Danish scholar will put Danish and African American children’s literary histories in dialogue with one another and ask what Danish multicultural literature can learn from existing definitions within American multicultural and African American children’s literature, formulated by Rudine Sims Bishop, Mingshui Cai, and Michelle H. Martin. They will also address what literary movements and practices might be adapted to facilitate a more welcoming space for minority stories in Danish literature. In the United States, lively conversations are occurring about insiders vs. outsiders, #OwnVoices, and stereotypes; what are the implications for Danish children’s literature? The writers will analyze recently published works from each country that depicts the lives of minoritized people such as Özlem Cekic and Dorte Karrebæk’s Ayse får en lillebror (2018) and Derrick Barnes and Gordon C. James’s Crown: An Ode to the Fresh Cut (2017). This comparative analysis will highlight how marginalized and silenced voices bring new perspectives and fresh ideas into the cultural conversations of each country that would otherwise go unrepresented in children’s literature.  

Conflict-of-laws rules on assignments of receivables in the United States and Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-663
Author(s):  
Michel Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Business Corporation ◽  
Secured Transactions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Model Law ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article describes the conflict-of-laws rules of the USA and Canada on the effectiveness against third parties and priority of an assignment of trade receivables. Comparisons are also made with the rules proposed on these issues by the European Commission’s Proposal of 12 March 2018 and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions. The conflict-of-laws rules examined in the article generally designate the location of the assignor as the place whose law applies to the effectiveness against third parties and the priority of an assignment. The article shows however that the definition of the location of the assignor varies from one jurisdiction to another (statutory seat, chief executive office, state of constitution, etc.) Moreover, the US rules and certain Canadian rules define the location of a business corporation using a criterion which is different depending on the corporation’s jurisdiction of incorporation. In addition, the European Commission’s Proposal allows the parties to an assignment made in the course of a securisation transaction to deviate from the assignor’s location rule and select the law governing the receivable as the applicable law. All of these differences result in a lack of harmonization. The article also summarizes the analysis that a financier must conduct to identify the jurisdiction(s) where the financier would normally want that an assignment in its favour be recognized. The relevant jurisdictions are normally the jurisdiction(s) in which insolvency proceedings relating to the assignor may take place and the other jurisdiction(s) where the debtors of the receivables could be located; a dispute might sometimes occur in these other jurisdictions with a competing claimant attempting to claim priority (e.g. a judgement creditor who would seize receivables owed by the debtors located in those jurisdictions). As the insolvency jurisdiction(s) and the other jurisdiction(s) in which the debtors are located may have different conflict-of-laws rules, a prudent financier should examine the applicable rules of all relevant jurisdictions.

Catch 28

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Angel Rama
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Index Index ◽  
Angel Rama

Latin America's last three winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature are ‘Communist subversives’, according to the USA Professor Angel Rama is one of Latin America's foremost literary critics, who has taught at many major universities in Latin America, Europe and the United States. He has published prolifically, including fourteen books on Latin American literature as well as scores of anthologies, critical editions, prologues and essays. In exile from his native Uruguay, he is currently Guggenheim Fellow at the University of Maryland, USA. However, in March 1982, the US immigration authorities suddenly announced that his permit to stay in the country would not be renewed (see Index on Censorship 3/1983 p 15). So Professor Rama became the latest in a considerable line of Latin American intellectuals to be banned from the USA for political reasons under the notorious Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, known as the McCarran-Walter Act. He is currently in Paris to do research for a major book on Latin American cultural history, and awaiting the result of his appeal against the order. In the following article, which is edited from a longer original in Quimera (Barcelona) No 26, December 1982, Professor Rama considers the background to the action against him. Other articles dealing with this problem have appeared in Index 5/1980 p 6, 1/1981 p 38, and 3/1983 p 13. See also the Index Index entries under the USA in Index 2/1973, 3/1976, 4/1981 and 2/1983.

scholarly journals Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2719 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
QING-HAI FAN ◽  
SHERLY GEORGE ◽  
LALITH KUMARASINGHE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mite Genus

The definition of the mite genus Acalvolia is revised. A new species, Acalvolia americana, with conidia of Cladosporium sp. in its gut, intercepted on orange from the United States is described. Currently the genus consists of only one species, and the new species is distinguished from that species by having smooth supracoxal setae, longer setae sci (ratio sce: sci = 2.5–2.7), and longer dorsal idiosomal setae c1, d1 and e1 (reaching to or overlapping the bases of setae in the next row).

scholarly journals Formation of foreign communicative competence of adult immigrants in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Olesya Sadovets
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contextualized Curriculum ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adult Immigrants

ABSTRACT The necessity of forming foreign communicative competence of adult immigrants has been substantiated. The topicality of this issue for Ukraine has been defined. The experience of Global Talent Bridge, an initiative of World Education Services that is dedicated to helping skilled immigrants fully utilize their talents and education in the United States, concerning formation of adult immigrants’ communicative competence has been analyzed. It has been defined that their research concerning organization and realization of contextualized education of adult immigrants aimed at the formation of communicative competence in the process of learning English as a second language has positive results and can be used as a basis for formation of communicative competence of Ukrainian emigrants. Principles of communicative approach to learning a language and the essence of learning for specific purposes have been defined. It has been determined that the education of adult immigrants aimed at the formation of communicative competence is sure to presuppose the availability of contextualized curriculum. The definition of contextualized curriculum has been given. It has been stated that in the process of its elaboration it is necessary to take into consideration the aim of immigrants’ language learning, the priority of fluency and proficiency of language, principles of learning a foreign language by adults, communicative aspect of learning a language, the necessity of forming skills of Basic Interpersonal Communication and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency; usage of special tests for checking skills of communicative competence, different types of lessons for proficient knowledge of everyday English as a second language.

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