scholarly journals N.V. Gogol’s Works and Censorship

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Igor A. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

For the first time, an analytical review of all, without exception, censorship stories of N.V. Gogol’s works is presented. An objective picture of Gogol's relationship with the censorship is being recreated. The findings of the study allow, with good reason, to judge about the interference of censors in the writer's works in a fundamentally different way, in comparison with the ideas offered by literary criticism of the previous period without solid evidence. Based on a thorough analysis, involving numerous archival sources, the common, stereotypical opinions about the extremely negative role of censorship in Gogol’s fate are being revised. The most significant negative result among all censorship interventions in Gogol's works was the activity of the censor of Westernizing views, opposed to the government, a professor at St. Petersburg University, A.V. Nikitenko. It is the numerous reductions of Nikitenko, И.А. Виноградов. Произведения Н .В. Гоголя и цензура 255 a friend of V.G. Belinsky, in Gogol's religious and patriotic book “Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends” that the writer called “censorship murder”. No less significant was the intervention of the liberal censor in the texts of “Dead Souls”, “Theatrical Travel after the Presentation of a New Comedy” and other works of the writer. It is concluded that, with the exception of this “intrigue” against Gogol by the censor Nikitenko, on the whole Gogol's texts encountered relatively insignificant difficulties in censorship.

scholarly journals PLOT ELEMENTS AND MOTIVES OF THE NOVEL “CHEVENGUR” IN PLATONOV’S SHORT STORY “POTUDAN RIVER”

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
N. Mikhaylovna Malygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Intertextual Connections ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the article is determined by the researcher of the semantic poetics of Platonov’s story “Potudan River”. We carry out an analytical review of the lifetime criticism and articles of modern researchers about the story, on the basis of which we formulate the purpose of the study, due to the need for a new approach to the interpretation of the work and the identification of the principles of its poetics. The novelty of the article is determined by the identification of the multilayered symbolism of the title of the story, which allows to establish the insufficiency of the conclusions that the content of the “Potudan River” is limited to the family theme. At the level of micropoetics we reveal symbolic details that connect the content of the story with the motive of love for the distant, medical and construction subjects and revealing the planetary scale of the author’s thinking. For the first time, it was established that Platonov’s story “Potudan River” was written based on part of the plot of the novel “Chevengur” – the love story of Alexander Dvanov and Sonya Mandrova. We show that the heroes of the story “Potudan River” Nikita Firsov, Lyuba Kuznetsova and Nikita’s father are doubles of the characters in the novel “Chevengur” by Sasha Dvanov, Sonya Mandrova, and Zakhar Pavlovich. The connection of the image of Lyuba with the archetype of the bride is considered. The paper reveals for the first time the intertextual connections of the story “Potudan River” with the poem “The Bronze Horseman” and the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A. Pushkin, in the texts of which the writer found material for modeling the ordinary fate of the hero. Multi-level connections of the content of the story “Potudan River” with Platonov’s artistic world, which is a complete metatext, are found, which opens up new opportunities for determining the role of the editing technique and the principles of returning to the plots and motives of the works of the 1920s, as well as their transformation in the writer’s work of the 1930s.

Self-Directed Approaches to the Treatment of Depression

2016 ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Annet Kleiboer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
The Common

This article examines self-directed approaches to the treatment of depression. It first considers some of the reasons why the uptake of mental health services by depressed people is low, despite the high prevalence of depressive disorders and the availability of evidence-based treatments. It then looks at the role of self-management in increasing access to evidence-based treatments for depression. It also defines what self-directed treatments are and goes on to discuss the different types of self-directed therapy, the common components of self-directed interventions for depression, Internet-based interventions for depression, and the advantages and disadvantages of self-directed interventions. Finally, it summarizes the findings from research on self-directed interventions for depression and suggests directions for future research and development in this area. Some titles of self-help books that can be used in self-directed interventions are presented.

scholarly journals Maiden Partisan Rural Local Government Elections: Bangladesh Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mashiur Rahman ◽  
Salma Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Election Commission

A paradigm shift in the political system has been taken in Bangladesh on 12 October, 2015 with the final approval by the Cabinet to hold local polls on partisan basis. The long historical practice of non-partisan local polls has been shifted to first ever partisan poll that brought major challenges for the existing confrontational political parties of Bangladesh. Ruling Bangladesh Awami League considered demonstrating its popularity at grass-root level and controlled all political institution through this election while Bangladesh Nationalist Party had opposed these partisan local government elections as a political trick with an ill motive by the government. For the first time in Independent Bangladesh, 9th Union Parishad[1](UP) election hold on partisan basis at six phases across the country from March to June 2016. The articles tried to explore the experiences of this maiden partisan UP polls and what are the immediate consequences on the local governance as well as electoral system through reviewing seceondary materials specially the Daily Newspapers. Unfortunately massive violence, record deaths and uncontested elected Chairman, election fraughts & irregularities, reluctant role of Election Commission, strong dominant of ruling party over electoral system were common phenomenon in this maiden partisan election.[1] Lowest tier of rural local government in Bangladesh.

IV. Opium Monopoly in India and Indonesia in the Eighteenth Century

Itinerario ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Land Grants ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Entrepreneurial Role

The dominant theme in the historical literature on agricultural production for export is the fast-expanding demand by Europe in the course of the industrialisation during the nineteenth century of agricultural goods originating in Asia, Africa as well as the Regions of Recent Settlement. In a large number of cases, the growing supplies of agricultural export were put together through recourse to the plantation system. The colonial governments often played an important, and sometimes a decisive, role in the rise and the smooth functioning of this system. This could be in the form of liberal land grants, the delegation of coercive authority to the management over the labour supply and so on. The direct, including entrepreneurial, role of the government was often evident also in arrangements which were not of the usual plantation variety, but which operated on the basis of accommodation, and indeed integration, with the existing organisation of traditional peasant agriculture. An outstanding example of this is the well-known Cultivation System introduced by Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch in Dutch Indonesia in the 1830s. The common theme that cuts across the bulk of the great diversity of arrangements of the use of coercive power by the colonial state in a variety of ways and often in fairly liberal doses.

scholarly journals Balance de la moción de censura constructiva en un parlamento fragmentado

2019 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piedad García-Escudero Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

La aprobación de una moción de censura en España por primera vez desde la aprobación de la Constitución ha supuesto el cambio de signo político del Gobierno a mitad de la XII legislatura, caracterizada por la fragmentación del Congreso de los Diputados que ha sustituido al cuasibipartidismo anterior. El artículo examina las consecuencias que la moción ha tenido en el funcionamiento y funciones del Parlamento y en la inestabilidad de un Gobierno que se ha mantenido en el poder apenas nueve meses, haciendo balance del periodo que se extiende de la moción de censura a la disolución, comparándolo con el periodo anterior asimismo dificultoso y con otras legislaturas, para en último término mostrar cómo el fin del bipartidismo ha influido en las relaciones Gobierno-Parlamento en nuestro régimen parlamentario.The adoption of a constructive vote of no confidence in Spain for the first time since the adoption of the Spanish 1978 Constitution has led to the change of political sign of the Government in the middle of the XII legislature or term, characterised by the fragmentation of the Congress of Deputies which has replaced the former nearly two-party system. The essay analyses the consequences of this change on the functioning and functions of Parliament and on the instability of a Government that has been in power for only nine months, taking stock of the period extending from the vote of no confidence to dissolution of Parliament, comparing it with the equally difficult previous period and with other terms, to ultimately show how the end of the two-party system has influenced Government-Parliament relations in the Spanish parliamentary political system.

scholarly journals Revitalisasi Kelembagaan Kemitraan Usaha dalam Pembangunan Agribisnis Hortikultura di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriana Darwis ◽  
Endang Lestari Hastuti ◽  
Supena Friyatno
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />For market oriented of agricultural development, agribusiness scheme is the most appropriate option. Partnership pattern in agribusiness scheme is one of the alternatives to achieve successful performance. This article aims to introduce the application of partnership pattern on horticultural crops in North Sumatera Province. The current partnership pattern in horticultural production centers is generally developed locally, applying nucleus-plasma pattern, and pattern introduced by the intervention of the government. The locally established partnership pattern was developed based on the common needs and, therefore, this pattern has been institutionalized due to the increasing trustworthy and honesty among the members.  Meanwhile the nucleus-plasma pattern is carried out and controlled by formal rules and regulations which are agreed and approved by the members.  On the other hand, the partnership pattern introduced by the government is designed to support rural development programs.  However, the pattern faces various constraints in internalizing the concept.  There is an assumption that the government aid and support is treated as grant with no obligation to repay.  In this regard, the role of the government and coordination among the related institutions should be intensified and improved.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pada usaha pertanian berorientasi pasar, pendekatan yang sesuai adalah agribisnis. Kemitraan di antara pelaku usaha di bidang agribisnis merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperbesar peluang keberhasilan. Tulisan ini menggambarkan kemitraan hortikultura yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam upaya menyempurnakan serta merevitalisasi kemitraan yang pernah dikembangkan. Pola kemitraan yang ada di sentra produksi hortikultura umumnya bersifat lokal, pola inti-plasma, dan bentukan pemerintah. Kemitraan usaha yang bersifat lokal terbentuk karena adanya kebutuhan bersama dari pelaku kemitraaan usaha, sehingga relatif melembaga karena adanya nilai-nilai kepercayaan dan kejujuran. Kemitraan usaha dengan pola inti plasma diatur dan dikontrol oleh aturan-aturan yang bersifat formal, yang telah disetujui dan ditandatangani bersama. Pola kemitraan yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah terutama bertujuan sesuai dengan program pembangunan pedesaan, dan sampai saat ini tampaknya relatif sulit melembaga. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan adanya anggapan bahwa setiap bantuan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah merupakan hibah, sehingga tidak perlu dikembalikan. Oleh karena itu peran pemerintah harus ditingkatkan dan koordinasi antar lembaga terkait lebih diintensifkan.

Directors' Role and Responsibilities under the Light of New Amendment Act of Company Law

2017 ◽  
pp. 160-177
Author(s):  
Saroja V. B. N. H. Achanta ◽  
Radhika Raavi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Independent Director ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

The chapter focuses on the key changes the roles and duties of Directors and Independent Directors under the light of New Amendment Act, 2013 of the Companies Act, 1956. This chapter analyzes the role of Directors / Independent Director by comparing the two major Companies Act 1956 and Companies Act 2013. Company Act 2013, is an initiation for better corporate governance, increasing levels of transparency and enhance the corporate and auditor's accountability. New Amendment Act of 2013 is a good legislative attempt by the Government. The following points are focused for the first time in this New Act, 2013. Duties of Directors are defined and Role of Independent Directors is defined. The Board has to take the precautions to implement proper systems and to ensure that all the compliance with the provisions of all the applicable laws which were adequate and operating effectively. As per the provisions of the New Act, 2013 the maximum number of Directors can be appointed are 15 with a special resolution, can be increased more than 15. Made provision for women Director.

scholarly journals Differential microRNAs expression profiles in liver from three different lifestyle modification mice models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Gong ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Yiwen Han ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jing Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Enriched Categories ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background MicroRNAs play an important role in many fundamental biological and pathological processes. Defining the microRNAs profile underlying the processes by beneficial and detrimental lifestyles, including caloric restriction(CR), exercise and high-fat diet(HF), is necessary for understanding both normal physiology and the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. We used the microarray to detect microRNAs expression in livers from CR, EX and HF mice models. After predicted potential target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs with four algorithms, we applied GO and KEGG to analyze the function of predicted microRNA targets. Results We describe the overall microRNAs expression pattern, and identified 84 differentially expressed microRNAs changed by one or two or even all the three lifestyle modifications. The common and different enriched categories of gene function and main biochemical and signal transduction pathways were presented. Conclusions We provided for the first time a comprehensive and thorough comparison of microRNAs expression profiles in liver among these lifestyle modifications. With this knowledge, our findings provide us with an overall vision of microRNAs in the molecular impact of lifestyle on health as well as useful clues for future and thorough research of the role of microRNAs.

scholarly journals The existence of local parties in the perspective of banda aceh citizens

2022 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Taufik Abdullah ◽  
Mr. Hamdani ◽  
Mr. Mulyad
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Banda Aceh

The legitimacy of local political parties in Aceh results from a peace agreement between the Free Aceh Movement and the Government of Indonesia. Local political parties provide new hope and alternative for people who previously only voted for national parties. Since participating in the election for the first time, local political parties have obtained the people's mandate to fill legislative and executive powers. But along the way, local political parties experienced a crisis of trust. Parliamentary seat gains declined dramatically over the three election periods. This is the starting point for studying local political parties in a limited scope in Banda Aceh City. Through a qualitative approach, the results of this study describe contextual conditions from the perspective of civil society or city residents. The study results explain the lack of seats for local political parties. Residents see that local political parties have not strengthened as a catalyst in influencing policy and have not appeared unique and specific to distinguish them from national political parties. In the future, the role of local political parties is expected to be more critical in fighting for local democracy substantially.

scholarly journals Unofficial Media, Government Trust, and System Confidence Evidence From China: An Empirical Exploration of the Attitudes of Netizens Based on the Dual Moderating Effect

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caijuan Chen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jie Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Mass media has a significant impact on public support for the government. This manuscript constructs a mixed model with official media use as the moderating variable and government trust as the intermediary variable to explore the mechanism of how unofficial media use affects system confidence, using data from a survey of the political and social attitudes of netizens (2015). The study finds that official media use weakens the negative role of unofficial media use in building system confidence, with the intermediary variable of government trust creating the necessary conditions for weakening the effect of unofficial media use. Moreover, the effect of unofficial media use on system confidence is heterogeneous. These findings remind us that it is necessary to deepen research into the micromechanisms that explain how unofficial media use reduces system confidence, a task for which cognitive theory is well suited.

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