scholarly journals Retrospective Study of Clinical Cases in Ruminants at the UFRGS Veterinary Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Moreira Borowsky ◽  
Carlos Afonso De Castro Beck ◽  
Eneder Rosana Oberst ◽  
Beatriz Riet Correa Rivero ◽  
Luciano Cavalheiro Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Foreign Body Obstruction ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

Background: The pillars of animal production are sanity, genetics and nutrition. Sanitary control of the herd is important to reduce production costs and maintain health. The Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), located in Porto Alegre - RS, is the place of greatest casuistry of the state, with 20.000 annual attendances, between small and large animals. In view of this scenario, the present study aimed to determine the frequency and characterize the ruminants attended at HCV, in order to help in the future, in the construction of control and prevention strategies of diseases found. Materials, Methods & Results: The documents of ruminant care between January 2007 and May 2018 were searched in the archives of the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFRGS. Data on species, race, sex, age and diagnosis were collected. Diagnoses were classified as conclusive and inconclusive and the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified according to etiology: infectious and parasitic diseases, metabolic and nutritional diseases, reproductive and obstetric diseases, toxic diseases, traumatic diseases. The prevalence of diseases and characteristics of ruminants attended (species, sex, category) was calculated. During the study period, between January 2007 and May 2018, 341 ruminants were attended, with emphasis on sheep (42%), goats (39%) and cattle (18%). In addition, a camel with foreign body obstruction, a sambar deer with fracture of the first thoracic vertebra and a buffalo with ruminal impaction were attended. The care profile was mapped, with predominance of females (57%) and adults (59%). Most of the animals did not present a defined breed, but among the breeds stands out Texel, of cutting aptitude, in sheeps and Saanen and Holstein, of dairy aptitude, in goats and cattle, respectively. In the retrospective study, the diseases with infectious and parasitic etiology presented the highest prevalence with 27.5% of the attendances, followed by reproductive (17.5%), traumatic (13.5%), metabolic (10%), others (10%) and toxic (2.5%). Sixty-six animals had inconclusive diagnosis (19.5%). Discussion: The highest prevalences were infectious and parasitic diseases, with emphasis on myiasis and verminosis. So, it is perceived that management corrections are sufficient to reduce the number of occurrences of diseases and prophylactic measures such as vaccination protocol, vermifugation and adequate nutritional management are allied in this walk. Among the reproductive diseases, dystocia (42.85%), which is one of the main causes of mortality in the peripartum period, has been highlighted. Dog attack was the major cause of traumas in ruminants and urolithiasis was highlighted in metabolic diseases. In toxic diseases, copper intoxication was the most important. Sheep are extremely sensitive to this intoxication, as they tend to accumulate copper in the organism. The retrospective study made it possible to visualize the panorama of HCV UFRGS visits to ruminants in the last years, mapping the profile and determining the casuistry of the diseases. Studies of hospital veterinary casuistry are rare, mainly involving ruminants. At the end, it is concluded that studies referring to casuistry are important to know the predominant diseases in a specific area and its risk factors considering differential diagnosis and future prevention programs.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: A Retrospective Study of Trends in a Tertiary Healthcare Unit

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Muntean ◽  
Florin-George Horhat ◽  
Luminița Bădițoiu ◽  
Victor Dumitrașcu ◽  
Iulia-Cristina Bagiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background and objective: Bacterial multidrug resistance is particularly common in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), with important clinical consequences regarding their spread and treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend of multidrug-resistant GNB (MDR-GNB) in high-risk hospital departments, between 2000–2015, in intervals of five years, with the intention of improving antibiotic therapy policies and optimising preventive and control practices. Materials and methods: This is an observational, retrospective study performed in three departments of the most important tertiary healthcare unit in the southwestern part of Romania: the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the General Surgery Department (GSD), and the Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department (NMDD). MDR was defined as acquired resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Trends over time were determined by the Cochran–Armitage trend test and linear regression. Results: During the study period, a total of 2531 strains of MDR-GNB were isolated in 1999 patients: 9.20% in 2000, 18.61% in 2005, 37.02% in 2010, and 35.17% in 2015. The most significant increasing trend was recorded in the ICU (gradient = 7.63, R² = 0.842, p < 0.001). The most common MDR-GNB in the ICU was isolated from bronchoalveolar aspiration samples. Concerning the proportion of different species, most of the changes were recorded in the ICU, where a statistically significant increasing trend was observed for Proteus mirabilis (gradient = 2.62, R2 = 0.558, p < 0.001) and Acinetobacter baumannii (gradient = 2.25, R2 = 0.491, p < 0.001). Analysis of the incidence of the main resistance phenotypes proportion identified a statistically significant increase in carbapenem resistance in the ICU (Gradient = 8.27, R² = 0.866, p < 0.001), and an increased proportion of aminoglycoside-resistant strains in all three departments, but more importantly in the ICU and GSD. Conclusion: A statistically significant increasing trend was observed in all three departments; the most significant one was recorded in the ICU, where after 2010, carbapenem-resistant strains were isolated.

scholarly journals Causes of death in goats in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil: analysis of 322 cases (2000-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2080-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele M. Bassuino ◽  
Guilherme Konradt ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Gustavo G.M. Snel ◽  
Luciana Sonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Pregnancy Toxemia ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

ABSTRACT: The diagnosis of the cause of death in goats submitted to necropsy from January 2000 to December 2016 by Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul was reviewed. Epidemiological features, such as the breed, sex and age, in addition to the clinical and pathological features were evaluated. During this period, 322 goats were necropsied, in which a conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 290 (90%) goats. Goats that were part of other experimental study were excluded from this study. From these 290 cases, 167 (57.6%) corresponded to diseases of infectious origin and toxinfectious diseases, while 123 (42.4%) were classified as non-infectious conditions. Infectious diseases included 55 cases of bacterial origin, 59 cases with parasitary involvement, 14 cases of viral origin, and 39 toxinfectious cases. Non-infectious conditions were grouped into metabolic diseases (44 cases), plants or chemical substances poisoning (36), mineral and nutritional deficiencies (20), and neoplasms and developmental disorders (5). In the remaining 18 cases, a conclusive diagnosis was obtained, however the conditions did not fit into those criteria and were classified as “others”. The age range of the goats in this study was from 1 day-old to 10 years-old. Most of the goats were females (201), while 121 were males. Affected breeds included Boer, Saanen, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg and mixed breeds. Parasitic, infectious and toxin-infectious diseases were the main cause of deaths, especially haemonchosis, pleuropneumonia, eimeriosis and enterotoxemia. Among the non-infectious conditions, metabolic disorders, especially rumen acidosis, pregnancy toxemia and urolithiasis, were directly related to the management employed in the property. Plant poisoning diagnosis was also highlighted with locally present plants, such as Sida carpinifolia, as the most important.

scholarly journals Seventy years’ achievements of international cooperation by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru-Bo Wang ◽  
Yi-Ting Hong ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Disease Elimination ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
National Control

Abstract Background With the promotion of national control programs on parasitic and tropical diseases in China, the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (NIPD), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has gained significant experience in the global health arena through international cooperation over the last seven decades allowing a multilateral impact in the elimination of major endemic diseases. Methods The achievements of NIPD since 1950 has been analyzed with emphasis on the various stages that started with research and control of the endemic parasitic and other tropical diseases at the national level and progressed via international cooperation into a global presence. Results The major achievements contributed by NIPD consist of (i) improving technical capability; (ii) promoting control and elimination of parasitic and tropical diseases; (iii) participating in global health governance and cooperation; and (iv) developing a cooperation model for technical assistance and global public health development. It is expected that NIPD’s experience of international cooperation will be essential for the dissemination of China's successful experience in global health governance, emergency response and development, with focus on malaria and neglected tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis, soil-borne and food-borne helminthiases and echinococcosis. Conclusions NIPD’s new tasks will not only continue to promote national control of endemic parasitic infections and disease elimination programs in China, but also play a leading role in global health and disease elimination programs in the future.

scholarly journals Parasitic Diseases of Domestic and Wild Animals in Northern Kerala: A Retrospective Study based on Clinical Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2381-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murikoli Nimisha ◽  
R. Kariyappa Pradeep ◽  
Prashant S. Kurbet ◽  
B.M. Amrutha ◽  
Anju Varghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wild Animals

scholarly journals Διερεύνηση των παραγόντων κινδύνου μόλυνσης με Cryptosporidium spp. και γενοτύπησή του σε εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βασιλική Παπανικολοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν: i) η γενοτύπηση και η ταυτοποίηση των ειδών και στελεχών Cryptosporidium που εμπλέκονται στο διαρροϊκό σύνδρομο των αμνών και εριφίων και ii) η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων επικινδυνότητας της μόλυνσης με Cryptosporidium spp. σε εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών. Με σκοπό τη γενοτύπηση και την ταυτοποίηση των ειδών και στελεχών του που εμπλέκονται στο διαρροϊκό σύνδρομο αμνών και εριφίων συλλέχθηκαν συνολικά 580 δείγματα κοπράνων από 65 εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών. Από αυτές, 39 (60%) ήταν εκτροφές προβάτων και 26 (40%) ήταν εκτροφές αιγών. Η μέθοδος επιλογής που εφαρμόστηκε για την ανεύρεση ωοκύστεων Cryptosporidium spp. στα δείγματα κοπράνων ήταν η τροποποιημένη Ζiehl-Neelsen (Henriksen and Pohlenz, 1981). Τα 80 πρώτα θετικά δείγματα στάλθηκαν στις Η.Π.Α. (Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, USA), όπου με την εφαρμογή μοριακών τεχνικών έγινε γενοτύπηση και ταυτοποίηση των ειδών και στελεχών Cryptosporidium. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης έδειξαν ότι 16 δείγματα κοπράνων αμνών και 17 δείγματα κοπράνων εριφίων βρέθηκαν θετικά στην PCR για τα Cryptosporidium spp. Στη συνέχεια, με την RFLP ανάλυση ταυτοποιήθηκαν δύο διαφορετικά είδη του παρασίτου, το C. parvum σε 16 ερίφια και 16 αμνούς και το C. xiaoi σε ένα ερίφιο. Σχετικά με την ταυτοποίηση των στελεχών Cryptosporidium spp. ανευρέθησαν επτά υπότυποι C. parvum με την εξής κατανομή: IIdA15G1 (σε 8 ερίφια και 1 αμνό), IIaA20G1R1 (σε 5 αμνούς και 2 ερίφια), IIaA15G2R1 (σε 4 αμνούς και 2 ερίφια), IIdA16G1 (σε 3 αμνούς), IIdA23G1 (σε 2 ερίφια), IIaA14G2R1 (σε 1 ερίφιο) και IIdA14G2 (σε 1 ερίφιο). Σε τέσσερα θετικά δείγματα με τη μέθοδο nested PCR (από τέσσερις αμνούς και ένα ερίφιο) δεν έγινε ταυτοποίηση υπότυπων C. parvum, λόγω ανεπιτυχούς αλληλούχισης του DNA των τμημάτων που προέκυψαν από την PCR για το gp60 γονίδιο. Με σκοπό τη διερεύνηση των παραγόντων επικινδυνότητας της μόλυνσης με ωοκύστεις Cryptosporidium spp. στις εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών συντάχθηκε ένα ειδικά δομημένο ερωτηματολόγιο με στόχο τη συλλογή πληροφοριών αναφορικά με διάφορα στοιχεία των εξεταζόμενων εκτροφών (αριθμός ζώων, φυλή, διαχείριση ενηλίκων ζώων, αμνών και εριφίων, απολυμάνσεις, αποπαρασιτισμοί, κλίμα, υγρασία, ηλιοφάνεια, κ.α.). Δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν από 59 εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών, εκ των οποίων οι 35 ήταν εκτροφές προβάτων και οι 24, εκτροφές αιγών. Ακολούθως, έγινε επιλογή 22 παραμέτρων, που θεωρήσαμε ότι μπορεί να σχετίζονται περισσότερο ως προς την επικινδυνότητα της μόλυνσης των ζώων με ωοκύστεις του παρασίτου και οι οποίες επεξεργάστηκαν στατιστικά με το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα SPSS 2019, έκδοση 25 (SPSS Corp., IBM, Armonk., NY, USA). Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της στατιστικής επεξεργασίας οι παράγοντες επικινδυνότητας που βρέθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικοί (p≤0,05) ως προς τη μόλυνση των ζώων με το παράσιτο στις εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών (επίπεδο εκτροφής) ήταν οι εξής: η παρουσία υδατοσυλλογών στις εκτροφές και το ποσοστό των αμνών και εριφίων με διάρροια τη στιγμή της επίσκεψης. Ειδικότερα, οι εκτροφές προβάτων και αιγών με υδατοσυλλογές είχαν 11,78 φορές περισσότερη πιθανότητα να μολυνθούν με το παράσιτο σε σχέση με τις εκτροφές που δεν είχαν υδατοσυλλογές και οι εκτροφές μικρών μηρυκαστικών όπου το ποσοστό διάρροιας για τους αμνούς και τα ερίφια ήταν μεγαλύτερο του 25% , είχαν 17,39 φορές περισσότερη πιθανότητα να μολυνθούν με το παράσιτο συγκριτικά με εκτροφές όπου το ποσοστό των αμνών και των εριφίων με διάρροια ήταν ίσο ή μικρότερο του 25%.

Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Parasitic Diseases of Sheep Diagnosed At Katsina Zonal Veterinary Clinic (2012-2015)

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Zainab Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Control

A four-year retrospective study was conducted to determine the distribution of parasitic diseases of sheep encountered at the zonal veterinary clinic katsina from 2012 to 2015. A total of 391 cases were recorded during the time period, out of which 115 cases of parasitic diseases were identified. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive statistics. The result indicated that the overall prevalence of parasitic diseases is 29.40%, with helminthosis (26.60%) as the most prevalent parasitic disease in the study area. Other parasitic diseases of sheep identified during the study are lousiness (0.77%), coccidiosis (1.53%), and tick infestation (0.24%). It is recommended that farmers should be enlightened on the menace of these parasitic diseases, with emphasis on routine deworming, and use of appropriate drugs for prevention and control of these parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Imported parasitic diseases in mainland China: current status and perspectives for better control and prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan-Gui Song ◽  
Xing-Da Zeng ◽  
Yan-Xia Li ◽  
Bei-Bei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Control And Prevention

scholarly journals Occurrence of immature forms of culicids (Insecta: Diptera) in the northeastern region of Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Cristiane Maia da Silva ◽  
Henrique Silva Sérvio ◽  
Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Gloria Faustino ◽  
Leucio Câmara Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Stegomyia Albopicta ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
One Year

The Culicidae family is represented by approximately 3,610 species, among which many are involved in transmission of pathogens and parasites, thus presenting great medical-veterinary importance. In Brazil, the state of Pernambuco is considered an endemic area for many diseases vectored by mosquitoes, such as human and canine filariasis, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of immature forms of culicids, over an one-year period, in a specific area of northeastern region of Brazil. Culicids larvae were collected from traps located on the ground and in treetops, between october 2012 and september 2013. Ten different species of culicids were identified. The greatest number of larvae were collected in september 2013 and the lowest number in december 2012. Stegomyia (Stegomyia) albopicta (46.45%; 5,908/12,718), Culex (Culex) maxi (35.56%; 4,523/12,718) and Limatus durhamii (12.58%; 1,600/12,718) were the most frequent species. The human and animal populations living in the study area are exposed to culicids and transmission agents throughout the year, especially after the rains. Therefore, control and prevention measures against culicids must be adopted in the study area.

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