scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DISCURSIVA ORAL NO ENVELHECIMENTO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ESCOLARIDADE E HÁBITOS DE LEITURA E ESCRITA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Luzia Malcorra ◽  
Maximiliano Agustin Wilson ◽  
Lilian Cristine Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
Narrative Production

A presente revisão sistemática tem por objetivo verificar quais as tarefas comumente utilizadas para elucidação da produção discursiva oral do adulto idoso e sua relação com escolaridade e hábitos de leitura e escrita. Para tanto, buscaram-se artigos publicados nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE e LILACS. Os termos utilizados foram (“discourse production” OR “oral production” OR “narrative production”) AND (aging OR elderly OR “older adults”) AND (education OR schooling OR “reading habits” OR “writing habits”). Os critérios de seleção incluíram: (a) artigo original avaliado por pares; (b) com foco na produção discursiva oral no envelhecimento típico; (c) publicado entre 1990 e 2019. Foram encontrados, no total, 456 registros, dos quais 393 foram excluídos pelo título e 12 após leitura na íntegra, por não se relacionarem ao tema. De acordo com os critérios de seleção, 19 artigos foram selecionados. Verificou-se que grande parte das pesquisas utiliza tarefas baseadas em estímulos visuais, sobretudo em seu formato sequencial, enquanto uma pequena parte utiliza tarefas baseadas em eventos autobiográficos, conversações livres ou descrição de procedimentos. Algumas pesquisas compararam a produção discursiva oral da amostra em questão em diferentes tarefas. Poucos estudos incluíram a variável escolaridade em seus experimentos, enquanto nenhum estudo investigou o efeito dos hábitos de leitura e escrita. Devido à sua complexidade, estudos no nível do discurso precisam considerar a influência do tipo de tarefa para a elucidação do processamento, assim como fatores sociodemográficos e culturais dos seus participantes.

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults Living at High Altitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽  
Diego Chambergo-Michilot ◽  
Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares ◽  
Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza ◽  
Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Ottawa Scale

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dementia is a chronic disease with a variable prevalence throughout the world; however, this could be higher at high-altitude populations. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase and included the studies published from inception to July 20, 2020, with no language restriction, which reported the frequency of cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults living at high-altitude populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of cognitive impairment and dementia. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Six studies were included (3,724 participants), and 5 of the 6 included studies were carried out in Latin America. The altitude ranged from 1,783 to 3,847 m, the proportion of women included varied from 38.7 to 65.6%, and the proportion of participants with elementary or illiterate educational level ranged from 71.7 to 97.6%. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 22.0% (95% CI: 8–40, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 99%), and the overall prevalence of dementia was 11.0% (95% CI: 6–17, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 92%). In a subgroup analysis according to the instrument used to evaluate cognitive impairment, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 21.0% (95% CI: 5–42, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 99%) in the MMSE group while the prevalence was 29.0% (95% CI: 0–78) in the non-MMSE group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude is almost twice the number reported in some world regions.

scholarly journals Push and Pull Factors Surrounding Older Adults’ Relocation to Supportive Housing: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bryan B. Franco ◽  
Jason Randle ◽  
Lauren Crutchlow ◽  
Janet Heng ◽  
Arsalan Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Growing Population

ABSTRACT Supportive housing, including retirement homes and assisted living, is increasingly touted as a suitable living option for Canadian older adults. This scoping review describes the nature and content of studies that explore underlying factors that motivate older adults to relocate to supportive housing. We conducted a search of PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and PsycINFO, which identified 34 articles for review. Articles reviewed employed a variety of methods and guiding theoretical frameworks, of which the push and pull framework appeared to be most common. This review suggests that health and functional deficits are important reasons for relocation to supportive housing for older adults. Further longitudinal data are required to more comprehensively describe medical and social determinants for relocation and its consequences, in order to better describe this growing population and better align policies with the needs of older adults contemplating or undergoing relocation.

Effects of Reading Habits, Reading Comprehension, and Memory Beliefs on Older Adults' Knowledge About Medicare

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. Bann ◽  
Ute J. Bayen ◽  
Lauren A. McCormack ◽  
Jennifer D. Uhrig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Habits

scholarly journals Risk of antimicrobial-associated organ injury among the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tichawona Chinzowu ◽  
Sandipan Roy ◽  
Prasad S. Nishtala
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
General Adult Population

Abstract Background Older adults (aged 65 years and above) constitute the fastest growing population cohort in the western world. There is increasing evidence that the burden of infections disproportionately affects older adults, and hence this vulnerable population is frequently exposed to antimicrobials. There is currently no systematic review summarising the evidence for organ injury risk among older adults following antimicrobial exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between antimicrobial exposure and organ injury in older adults. Methodology We searched for original research articles in PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science core collection, Web of Science BIOSIS citation index, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and PsycINFO databases, using key words in titles and abstracts, and using MeSH terms. We searched for all available articles up to 31 May 2021. After removing duplicates, articles were screened for inclusion into or exclusion from the study by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias for cohort and case-control studies. We explored the heterogeneity of the included studies using the Q test and I2 test and the publication bias using the funnel plot and Egger’s test. The meta-analyses were performed using the OpenMetaAnalyst software. Results The overall absolute risks of acute kidney injury among older adults prescribed aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and macrolides were 15.1% (95% CI: 12.8–17.3), 19.1% (95% CI: 15.4–22.7), and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.3–0.3), respectively. Only 3 studies reported antimicrobial associated drug-induced liver injury. Studies reporting on the association of organ injury and antimicrobial exposure by age or duration of treatment were too few to meta-analyse. The funnel plot and Egger’s tests did not indicate evidence of publication bias. Conclusion Older adults have a significantly higher risk of sustaining acute kidney injury when compared to the general adult population. Older adults prescribed aminoglycosides have a similar risk of acute kidney injury to the general adult population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Daniel Ferreira Fagundes ◽  
Marcos Túlio Costa ◽  
Bárbara Bispo da Silva Alves ◽  
Maria Madalena Soares Benício ◽  
Lanna Pinheiro Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

ABSTRACT Objective: This study comprises a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions (LTCIs). Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Original transversal and longitudinal articles published until July 2020 were eligible in this review. Databases PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect were searched. Overall prevalence and confidence intervals were estimated. Heterogeneity was calculated according to the index of heterogeneity (I2). Results: One hundred seventy-five studies were found in all databases and 19 studies were meta-analyses, resulting in an overall prevalence of 53% (CI 46-59%; p < 0.01) of demented older adults living in LTCIs. Conclusion: Prevalence of dementia is higher in older adults living in LTCIs than those living in general communities. This data shows a worrying reality that needs to be changed. There is a need for a better understanding of the elements that cause this increase in dementia in LTCFs to direct actions to improve the quality of life and health of institutionalized elderly.

scholarly journals Comparison of drug-related problem risk assessment tools for older adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Emmi Puumalainen ◽  
Marja Airaksinen ◽  
Sanni E. Jalava ◽  
Timothy F. Chen ◽  
Maarit Dimitrow
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Content Development ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Development Methods

Abstract Purpose This study aims to systematically review studies describing screening tools that assess the risk for drug-related problems (DRPs) in older adults (≥ 60 years). The focus of the review is to compare DRP risks listed in different tools and describe their development methods and validation. Methods The systematic search was conducted using evidence-based medicine, Medline Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 1985, to April 7, 2016. Publications describing general DRP risk assessment tools for older adults written in English were included. Disease, therapy, and drug-specific tools were excluded. Outcome measures included an assessment tool’s content, development methods, and validation assessment. Results The search produced 15 publications describing 11 DRP risk assessment tools. Three major categories of risks for DRPs included (1) patient or caregiver related risks; (2) pharmacotherapy-related risks; and (3) medication use process-related risks. Of all the risks included in the tools only 8 criteria appeared in at least 4 of the tools, problems remembering to take the medication being the most common (n=7). Validation assessments varied and content validation was the most commonly conducted (n = 9). Reliability assessment was conducted for 6 tools, most commonly by calculating internal consistency (n = 3) and inter-rater reliability (n = 2). Conclusions The considerable variety between the contents of the tools indicates that there is no consensus on the risk factors for DRPs that should be screened in older adults taking multiple medicines. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the DRP risk assessment tools.

scholarly journals Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Older Adults’ Health Status: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7381
Author(s):  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Esteban Aedo-Muñoz ◽  
Eduardo Báez-San Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the studies centered on the effects of Olympic combat sports (OCS [i.e., boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling]) on older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health status. The review comprised randomised-controlled trials with OCS interventions, including older adults (>60 years), and measures of physical-functional, physiological, and/or psychoemotional health. The studies were searched through SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EBSCO databases until 5 January 2021. The PRISMA-P and TESTEX scales were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020204034). Twelve OCS intervention studies were found (scored ≥60% for methodological quality), comprising 392 females and 343 males (mean age: 69.6 years), participating in boxing, judo, karate, and taekwondo. The qualitative analysis revealed that compared to controls, OCS training improved muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, balance, movement, attention, memory, mental health, anxiety, and stress tolerance. Meta-analysis was available only for the chair stand test, and an improvement was noted after OCS training compared to control. In conclusion, OCS interventions improves older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health. Our systematic review confirms that OCS training has high adherence (greater than 80%) in older adults.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Telemedicine for Older Adults With Dementia During COVID-19: An Alternative to In-person Health Services?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Elbaz ◽  
Karin Cinalioglu ◽  
Kerman Sekhon ◽  
Johanna Gruber ◽  
Christina Rigas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Remote Consultation ◽  
Health Assessments

Introduction: Older adults with dementia have been significantly at more risk for not receiving the care needed and for developing further mental health problems during COVID-19. Although the rise in telemedicine adoption in the healthcare system has made it possible for patients to connect with their healthcare providers virtually, little is known about its use and effects among older adults with dementia and their mental health.Objective: This systematic review aimed to explore the use, accessibility, and feasibility of telemedicine in older adults with dementia, as well as examine the potential mental health impacts of these technologies, through reviewing evidence from studies conducted during COVID-19.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched with the following keywords: (COVID* OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus) AND (“mental health” OR Depression OR Stress) AND (Dementia OR Multi-Infarct Dementia OR Vascular Dementia OR Frontotemporal Dementia) AND (elder OR Aging OR Aging OR Aged) AND (Telemedicine OR “Remote Consultation” OR telehealth OR technology).Results: A total of 7 articles from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included in this review. Throughout the studies cognitive and mental health assessments (e.g., MoCA, FAST, etc.) were performed. Despite the barriers, telemedicine was noted as a feasible approach to assist individuals with dementia in connecting with their service providers and family while reducing complications related to travel (e.g., difficulty moving, traffic, distance).Conclusions: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, finding alternative ways to provide services to older adults with dementia through technology may continue to become more necessary as time goes on.

scholarly journals A conceptual analysis of older adults’ empowerment in contemporary japanese culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Tsubouchi ◽  
Kyosuke Yorozuya ◽  
Akiyoshi Tainosyo ◽  
Yasuo Naito
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Global Aging

Abstract Background Empowerment among older adults is a key concept for improving their health. In contrast, empowerment evolves according to cultural and historical contexts and needs to be consistently tested and constructed. The purpose of this study was to clarify the components of older adults’ empowerment in contemporary Japan and to reconstruct the definition of empowerment. Methods A conceptual analysis was performed using Rodgers’ evolutionary method. The data sources were PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi. The search keywords were “empowerment,” “older adults,” and “Japan/Japanese.” Of the 8811 articles published between 2000 and 2019 that focused on older adults’ empowerment, we selected 60 articles that met our objectives. Results Seven antecedents, six attributes, and seven consequences were identified. Older adults’ empowerment in contemporary Japan was defined as “the series of processes in which disclosing oneself, not only verbally but also nonverbally (e.g., through work, roles, and collaborative activities), in connection with others, objectively perceiving one’s existence and challenges, taking proactive actions based on decision-making, and utilizing one’s strengths in new work and community life.” Conclusions This concept is useful in practice, education, and research on community development and providing support for older adults based on self-help and mutual aid, not only in Japan but also for the global aging society.

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