scholarly journals REVERSAL BURDEN OF EVIDANCE ON A CRIMINAL CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Hasnawati Hasnawati
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Theory ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

The research aim are to know the implementation of strict evidence in corruption committed in Indonesia and the constraint or obstacle faced by the corruption agency. The method of this research was normative juridical, because the research about reversal burden of proof of corruption in crime in Indonesia, which data obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Research result reveal that implementation of proof in corruption cases is often felt to be ineffective and very burdensome to the Investigator apparatus therefor  two theories of proof, namely the free theory embraced by the dependent and negative theory according to the law adopted  by the public prosecutor or ordinary commonly called the theory reversal burden of  limited proof and in balance , the dependent has the right to proved that he has not commited a criminal act of corruption and that the prosecutor still has the duty to verify the indictment. The obstacles faced by law enforcement in implementing the burdening system of proof on the handling of corruption crime, namely the Contraints for the public Prosecutor and the obstacle for the judge divided into 2(two) types, namely : Juridical and Non Juridical Contrains

scholarly journals Burden of Proof Reversal in Criminal Acts of Money Laundering

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khusnul Fauzi Zainal ◽  
Syukri Akub ◽  
Andi Muhammad Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Criminal Offenses

This study aims to analyze the burden of proof reversal system in handling cases of money laundering. This type of research is normative juridical legal research. The results of this study indicate that in the reversal system of the burden of proof of criminal acts of money laundering, each party has a burden of proof, the public prosecutor is burdened to prove that these assets are the property of the defendant and has a relationship with the original criminal act charged, while the defendant burdened to prove the origin of the assets claimed and if the defendant is unable to prove the origin of the assets, the assets can be strongly suspected to originate from criminal offenses. There are still obstacles in law enforcement both from the substance of the law (norms), legal structure (law enforcement agencies) and the culture of law (the culture of community law).

Indentured Labour and Khoikhoi ‘Equality’ before the Law in Cape Colonial Society, South Africa: The Case of Jan Paerl, c. 1796

Itinerario ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Cape Town ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Biological Father ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Sole Custody ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

In July 1796, Johannes Albertyn, a well-respected burgher of Stellenbosch, requested permission from Ryno van der Riet, landdrost of Stellenbosch, the chief administrative and legal officer of the district, to indenture four Khoikhoi children. He claimed that their mother, Catryn Paerl, had died recently and that before her demise, she had requested him in the presence of witnesses to raise her children and deny their biological father Jan Paerl any future role in their lives. Faced with the prospect of losing custody of his four children and having exhausted all possible avenues in seeking legal redress, including a visit to landdrost Van der Riet, the seemingly incomparable Jan Paerl hit the road and walked several kilometres from Stellenbosch to Cape Town. His destination: the Castle, in particular the office of the fiscal, otherwise known as the public prosecutor. In Cape Town, he urged the fiscal to intervene in the dispute and deny Albertyn the right to indenture his children. As their father, Paerl insisted that he, and not Albertyn, be granted sole custody of his offspring. By Paerl's demanding legal intervention at the highest level, the following encounter between Paerl, Albertyn and the Cape authorities exemplifies not only a classic struggle between master and servant, but highlights simultaneously the significance of ‘equality’ before the law in Cape society, at a time when burghers increasingly feared the possibility of gelykstelling at the end of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals PENCABUTAN HAK MEMILIH DAN DIPILIH DALAM JABATAN PUBLIK TERHADAP NARAPIDANA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salam Amrullah
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Revocation of the right to vote and be elected in public office as an additional penalty applied to the defendant allows corruption cases. This research aimed (1) to investigate and analyze the relevance of the annulment of the vote right for the public position election of the corruption prisoners as seen from the perspective of the criminal aims; and (2) to investigate and analyze the factors effecting the annulment of the vote rights for the public positions  of the corruption prisoners. The research was conducted in Jakarta city by choosing the institutions relevant to the problem s of this thesis; they were the corruption eradication commission (KPK), Jakarta first thesis instance court, constitutional court, and the supreme court. The method used was the empirical study of the normative law. The nature of the research was descriptive using the primary and secondary data collected from the documents and interview techniques as well as reading the materials related to the exixting problems. The collected data were the analyzed using the qualitative descriptive analysis. The research result revealed that the imposition of the right to vote and to be voted for the public positions as the additional penalty was considered relevant to the purpose of the punishment,  I,e. to give retaliation and deterrent effect against the perpetrators of corruption. The law enforcement continued to expect that this additional punishment could prevent further corruption actions in the future. The factors effecting the implementation of the annulment of the right to vote and be voted for the public positions were already stated  clearly in the  law No. 31 of 1999 about the amendment of the criminal action corruption Jo the law  No. 20 of 2001 about the amendment of the law No. 31 of 1999 about the eradication of the corruption criminal  action, and the code of criminal law. As for its legal material, the conditions and mechanism of the annulment of the right to vote and be voted for public positions should be stated more clearly.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Sudirman Sudirman ◽  
Marwan Mas ◽  
Abd. Haris Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law

Korupsi sebagai salah satu kejahatan yang bersifat luar biasa (Extra Ordinary Crime) dikarenakan begitu sulit dalam membuktikan kejahatan tersebut oleh penegak hukum, maka dari itu dibutuhkan kinerja extra untuk memberantas tindak pidana korupsi tersebut. Olehnya itu, mengenai pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dengan menggunakan ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada dalam Undang Undang hal itu diterapkan dalam Undang Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999. Undang Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, dimana beberapa pasalnya menganut tentang sistem pembuktian terbalik terbatas/berimbang. Pasal pasal yang mengatur tentang sistem pembuktian terbalik lebih jelas diatur dalam Pasal 12B, 12C, 37A, 38A, dan 38B. Pemberlakuan sistem pembuktian terbalik dalam perkara delik korupsi terhadap terdakwa meskipun hanya terbatas pada perkara suap (Gratifikasi) di atas Rp. 10 jt. Namun dengan adanya kewajiban terdakwa untuk membuktikan delik korupsi yang didakwakan kepadanya serta harta benda yang patut diduga berasal dari tindak pidana korupsi dan tidak bertumpuh lagi kepada jaksa penuntut umum, maka diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi dalam pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi tersebut sebab perampasan terhadap harta benda terdakwa dapat dilakukan jika terdakwa tidak dapat membuktikan delik korupsi yang didakwakan kepadanya. Corruption is one of extraordinary crimes because it is so difficult in proving these crimes by law enforcement, and thus it requires extra performance to eradicate corruption. Therefore, regarding the eradication of corruption by using the provisions contained in the Law, this is applied in Law Number 31 Year 1999. Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crime, in which several articles adhere to a reversed proof system is limited/balanced. Articles governing the reverse proof system are more clearly regulated in Articles 12B, 12C, 37A, 38A, and 38B. The implementation of the reversed proof system is in the case of corruption offenses against the defendant even though it is only limited to bribery cases (Gratification) over Rp10 million. However, with the defendant's obligation to prove the corruption offense charged with him and property that is reasonably suspected of originating from criminal acts of corruption and no longer rests on the public prosecutor, then it is expected to be a solution in eradicating these criminal acts of corruption because the confiscation of the assets of the defendant can be done if the defendant cannot prove the corruption offense charged with him.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROSECUTORIAL SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF LAND USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
V.T. Azizova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Abdullatipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

The relevance of the issues discussed in this article is due to the importance of ensuring the preservation of land, the legality of its use and the protection of land in various ways. The Public Prosecutor 's Office has a significant role to play in this process, which has the right to detect violations of the law in this area, to contribute to their prevention, as well as to bring the perpetrators to various types of responsibility. The purpose of the article is to consider the activities of the Public Prosecutor 's Office in this area, to identify difficulties in this activity and to develop proposals to overcome the identified problems. In conclusion, the following conclusions are made: 1) in addition to prosecutors, the rule of law process in the field of land use should involve all bodies whose activities are related to this area to some extent; 2) the relevant activities of the Public Prosecutor 's Office in the field of land use are to verify the legality of legal documents in this sphere, the activities of supervisory bodies with powers in the field of land use, compliance with the legislation by all parties to land legal relations; 3) the most common types of offences identified by prosecutors in this sphere are the absence of documents for land plots, self-capture of land plots, violation of procedure and legality of allocation of land plots

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Pembuktian Terbalik dalam Kasus Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Al-Mizan ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-248
Author(s):  
Arhjayati Rahim ◽  
Madinah Mokobombang
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
Research Show

Evidence in criminal cases is generally borne by the public prosecutor. This is different from the criminal case of corruption, in addition to being proven by the public prosecutor, the defendant also has the right to prove that he did not commit a criminal act of corruption. This study aims to determine the arrangement of the shifting burden of proof system in cases of corruption and the application of the shifting burden of proof system in cases of corruption in Decision Number: 22/Pid.Sus-TPK/2018/PN.Gto. This type of research is a literature analyzed with a normative juridical approach. The results of the research show that the Decision Number: 22/Pid.Sus-TPK/2018/PN.Gto, seen from the evidence that in terms of the application of reverse evidence, the defendant exercised his right to carry out shifting burden of proof. However, the defendant did not prove that the property he had obtained was not the result of a criminal act of corruption, even though it was his obligation to prove this, so that the right to shifting burden of proof evidence was not fully utilized by the defendant.

scholarly journals URGENSI PENGATURAN TRADING IN INFLUENCE SEBAGAI SARANA PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Islamy
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Law

Abstract This study aims to determine the law enforcement of trading in influence in practices and urgency of trading in influence regulation as a community development tool. The method in this study uses a normative juridical method with descriptive analytical specifications. This research is different from previous research where an assessment was carried out in the urgency of trading in influence regulation which is connected with the theory of community development. In practice, to ensnare perpetrators of corruption by trading their influence often uses the provisions of the criminal act of bribery, this is because there is a legal vacuum in Indonesia's positive law. When described and reflected in regulations in other countries, trading in influence has a different element from bribery. To overcome the culture of influence trading which is a criminal act of corruption, a means of community development is needed to change the culture of corruption itself. The results of the study reveal that by looking at the law enforcement of Trading in Influence in practice, the public prosecutor often charges a defendant by using Article 11 of Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption in conjunction with Article 55 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 64 paragraph (1), whereas it can be said that not all of the elements of the article are fulfilled for the act of Trading In Influence when compared with the regulations stipulated in Article 18 UNCAC. Due to the vacuum of law, law enforcers are not effective in carrying out their duties. In order for law enforcement to run optimally and on target, it is important to formulate trading in influence arrangements. For the formulation of Trading in Influence, it is necessary to change and reform the law aimed at community development so that legal objectives can be achieved.Keywords: development; public; trading in influenceAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penegakan hukum trading in influence dalam praktik dan urgensi pengaturan trading in influence sebagai sarana pembangunan masyarakat. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian terdahulu dimana dilakukan pengkajian dalam urgensi pengaturan trading in influence yang dihubungkan dengan teori pembangunan masyarakat. Dalam praktiknya untuk menjerat pelaku korupsi dengan memperdagangkan pengaruh yang dimilikinya seringkali menggunakan ketentuan tindak pidana suap, hal ini dikarenakan adanya kekosongan norma dalam hukum positif Indonesia. Apabila diuraikan dan bercermin pada pengaturan pada Negara lain, perdagangan pengaruh yang dikenal dengan trading in influence memiliki unsur yang berbeda dengan suap. Untuk mengatasi budaya perdagangan pengaruh yang merupakan tindak pidana korupsi diperlukan suatu sarana dalam pembangunan masyarakat untuk mengubah budaya korupsi itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan dengan melihat penegakan hukum trading in influence dalam praktik, seringkali penuntut umum mendakwakan seorang terdakwa dengan menggunakan Pasal 11 UU No. 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi juncto Pasal 55 ayat (1) juncto Pasal 64 ayat (1), padahal dapat dikatakan tidak seluruh unsur pasal tersebut terpenuhi untuk perbuatan trading in influence apabila dibandingkan dengan pengaturan yang diatur dalam Pasal 18 UNCAC. Oleh karena adanya kekosongan norma, penegak hukum menjadi tidak efektif dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Agar penegakan hukum dapat berjalan dengan maksimal dan tepat sasaran, pengaturan trading in influence menjadi hal penting untuk dirumuskan. Untuk perumusan trading in influence perlu adanya perubahan dan pembaharuan hukum yang bertujuan pada pembangunan masyarakat agar tujuan hukum dapat tercapai.

scholarly journals VIOLATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST MARK VIEWED FROM LAW NO. 20 OF 2016 CONCERNING MARK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Bakti Trisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Law

<p>Right on marks are a source of material wealth for their owners because they have economic value that can bring high profits. Marks in trade also have dual<br />functions as competition tools and monopoly tools. Therefore, every mark owner needs to register his mark in order to get legal protection. Because in reality everyday there are many violations of the mark even though the mark has been registered, so the registered mark owner feels aggrieved. Violations due to people wanting to make a profit by cutting short the example of a registered and well-known mark, in addition to the Human Resources of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property itself also lacks control over the law on mark, so marks that should be rejected by many are approved. In addition, the Law Enforcement has indeed been implemented, but not maximal. This can be seen from the demands and fines of the Public Prosecutor and the Decision of the Panel of Judges is still very light</p>

scholarly journals „Owoce zatrutego drzewa” z perspektywy oskarżyciela publicznego w aspekcie konstytucyjnych podstaw procesu karnego

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Mariusz Krasoń
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

The problems of the so-called poisonous tree in the course of the preliminary legal proceedings appear and continue to appear basically in every individual instance of the evaluation of the body of evidence submitted to the public prosecutor’s department. The task of the public prosecutor’s department has to do inter alia with the keeping of law and order and the supervision of the prosecution of crime. This task is realised by the supervision of the consistency of the preliminary legal proceedings with the law, and the initialisation and the performance of operational-examination activities by law enforcement organs in the scope of activities which is stipulated in the acts of law which regulate the organisation and the object of activities of these organs. The supervision which was indicated should be realised in an in-depth, comprehensive and substantive manner. Within the framework of the evaluation of the activities engaged by other organs, inluding those that are authorised to execute and conduct operation-related activities, the public prosecutor is obliged to evaluate the correctness of the process of the accumulation of evidence and the making of decisions in terms of the scope and the means of utilising the said evidence. Such control may and should be conducted with reference to the constitutional principles, described particularly in Art. 2 – the principle of a democratic state of law, Art. 7 – the principle of legalism, Art. 45 Par. 1 – the principle of the right to a trial and the resulting principle of the right to due process. The regulations of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland have not been modified since 1997, therefore with the changed state of the regulations of the Code of Criminal Law (the addition of new regulations in Art. 168 a and b ) or the competence-related acts of law, it is still possible to interpret these regulation in terms of the constitutional norms which were indicated. The new content which was introduced to the code of criminal procedure is a source of serious constitution-related doubts, and the evaluation of the material which was submitted to be treated during criminal proceedings may lead to statements that the very fact of having acquired a piece of evidence with the violation of regulations or by means of a criminal offense and the simultaneous violation of the regulations of the Constitutions is sufficient to preclude the utilisation of a given piece of evidence in these legal proceedings and to preclude the establishment of the actual state of affairs on the basis of such a piece of evidence. It is impossible to accept a situation in which the functionaries of the state, i.e. of public authorities, can collect evidence-related material in violation of the law which is binding and it is in keeping with the law that, on the basis of this material, citizens may bear criminal responsibility.

The rights of the defendant and public interest in proving insanity under the law of New York

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Aleksey Grin'ko
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legislative Changes

Allocation of the burden of proof is a key issue of criminal procedure that is affected by multiple legal and social factors. Under due process principles, the defendant’s right to a fair and impartial trial is deemed to be the epicenter of the whole structure. However, efficient law enforcement is a prominent public interest that must be considered. This article explores the correlation between public and private interest in proving insanity under the law of New York, which provides great empirical background due to its long history of legal disputes and legislative changes. Considering the nature and structure of the burden of proof, the author concludes that there are several principles for its fair allocation: the due party that bears both the burden and the risk of its nonperformance; the feasibility of the burden; the adequate opportunity for the other party to rebut; the concentration of resources upon needs that are not presumed but in fact exist. All the mentioned principles lay the ground for the harmonization of constitutional guaranties for the defendant as well as the successful enforcement of criminal law. The current New York approach to insanity defense as an affirmative one along with the history of its implementation tends to prove its compliance with such requirements. This finding suggests that bearing the burden shall not be treated as impairment by default, but can protect both the interest of this party and the integrity of the whole process.

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