scholarly journals Impact of defense spending on unemployment in five countries from Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Abdul Qayyum Khan ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Aznita binti Samsi ◽  
Chandra Emirullah ◽  
Mustofa Usman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unemployment Problem

The objective of this study is to examine empirically the impact of defense spending on unemployment along with a number of control variables for a set of five selected countries from Asia which include Cambodia, China, Malaysia, Pakistan, and the Philippines. For empirical investigation annual data over the period of 1992 to 2013 are used. While, prior to regression analysis, the data were sensibly checked using sundry of relevant tests. The empirical results reveal that defense spending is not a better option to overcome unemployment problem in most of the sample countries. Thus, the findings suggest that lower defense budget allocation will provide more resources for other sectors which are relatively more productive and can help to improve economic and social welfare of these selected countries from Asia. Besides decreased military expenditures, encouraging domestic investment and discouraging population growth can help reduce unemployment. Remittance appears to have a positive relation with unemployment, the implications of which need to be addressed by policymakers.

VAT withholding tax and its impact on vat compliance: evidence from the Zimbabwe revenue authority

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Blessings Majoni
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Withholding Tax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Value-added tax (VAT) withholding tax is a key instrument used in various tax administrations to curb revenue leakages that emanate from clients that charge VAT on their services and supplies and then fail to remit it to revenue authorities. The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) implemented VAT withholding in 2017 with the expectation that it would positively affect VAT compliance. The motivation of this study therefore arises from the knowledge that a number of developing countries are considering implementing a withholding tax mechanism on VAT. In addition, a number of developing countries such as the Philippines, Ethiopia and Ghana, have implemented VAT withholding tax with varying outcomes. Public finance literature on the empirical analysis of VAT withholding tax is, however, limited as it requires administrative data that most tax researchers are not privy to. This paper sought to undertake a more comprehensive empirical investigation of the direct effect of the introduction of VAT withholding tax on VAT compliance. To estimate the empirical effect of VAT withholding tax on VAT compliance, this paper exploited data of VAT registered clients in ZIMRA over a 24-month period. The study used an ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis to investigate the effects of VAT withholding tax on VAT revenue. The study further used a difference-in-differences estimator by classifying VAT taxpayers into two groups. Empirical evidence indicates that there is a positive significant relationship between implementing VAT withholding tax and VAT revenue in the ZIMRA scenario.

scholarly journals Impact of Tourism Industry on the Economic Growth of Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
S. Anandasayanan ◽  
S. Balagobei ◽  
M. Amaresh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

In Sri Lanka, tourism has been identified as the third largest and fastest growing source of foreign currency in 2018, after private remittances and textile and garment exports, accounting for almost $4.4 billion or 4.9 percent of gross domestic product in 2018. Tourism industry is a key element which accelerates the economic growth by earning high foreign exchange and reducing poverty by providing direct and indirect employment opportunities to locals. This study primarily investigates the impact of between tourism sector on economic growth by employing Augmented Dickey Fuller’s unit root test, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Annual data from 1989 to 2018 was used. The dependent variable was economic growth while tourists’ receipts were independent variable. Strong and positive correlation was explored between tourists’ receipts and economic growth meanwhile the results of regression analysis indicate that tourists’ receipts significantly impact on the economic growth.

scholarly journals Gratitude and Forgiveness as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being Among Young Adults in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-738
Author(s):  
Hudaa Hermaen ◽  
Zainab Hussain Bhutto
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
The Impact

The present study was aimed to explore the impact of gratitude and forgiveness in predicting subjective well-being in young adults. The sample for the study included 300 participants between the ages of 18 and 24 years who were conveniently selected from a university in Karachi city. Gratitude Questionnaire (McCullough et al., 2002), Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005) and Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010) were used as the measures to collect data. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed gratitude to be nonsignificant predictor of subjective well-being, whereas, forgiveness was found to be a significant predictor of subjective well-being . Further, weak positive relation of gratitude with subjective well-being (r = .14), and forgiveness with subjective well-being (r = .34) has been found. However, the explanatory power of this model was revealed to be significant (R2 = .12), suggesting that the variables share an important association which needs further extensive study. This study implies that forgiveness and gratitude may be effectively used in psychotherapy and substantially integrated in general counselling for young adult clients.

Empirical Investigation of Islamic Banking Adoption in Brunei

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Qaisar Ali ◽  
Hakimah Binti Yaacob ◽  
Dayang Hjh Norliza Binti Dato Haji Mahal
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to explore the understanding level of various Islamic banking concepts and determine the factors that impact the adoption of Islamic banking services in Brunei. The impact of thelevel of understanding, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, uncertainty, and service quality was examined through Rogers (2003) Diffusion of Innovation. The study adopted quantitative approach; data were collected through a self-administrated questionnaire from 245 bank customers located in Brunei’s Muara district.The findings predicted that understanding level of various Islamic banking concepts was below average among Islamic bank customers. The multiple regression analysis predicted that understanding, relative advantage,compatibility, complexity, observability, uncertainty and service quality has apositive impact on theadoption of Islamic banking services.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
The Impact

This research is aimed at tracing the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in promoting macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic production, industrial production, total domestic investment, exports, imports, Board of Investment approved exports, Board of Investment approved imports and Board of Investment approved employments by using the time series annual data for 1978 - 2018 in Sri Lanka. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to estimate the impact of FDI on selected macroeconomic variables. Estimation method was Ordinary Least Squares. EViews 10 software were used for data analysis. The empirical evidence shows that there is a statistically significant positive impact of FDI on selected macroeconomic variables except in the case of imports. However, this study further reveals that the actual impact on macroeconomic variables can be felt after certain time lag. But the impact on total domestic investment was realized immediately. Further, this research has identified various problems faced in attracting FDI including ideal sector identification and the appropriate recommendations have been presented in order to realize the major benefits from FDI inflow into the country.

A win-win situation for both managers and shareholders

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-1000
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmy Ramachandran ◽  
Nafis Alam ◽  
Chea Ei Goh
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

PurposeTo examine the impact of corporate governance on Cost of Capital (COC) and financial distress in the ASEAN countries.Design/methodology/approachWe compiled a list of the 50 largest publicly listed firms by market capitalization in each of the following five East Asian countries, namely Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Furthermore, we then divided the five countries into two distinctive categories – (i) Malaysia and Singapore (Common Law/strong legal protection countries) and (ii) Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia (Civil Law/weak legal protection countries). The annual data is collected for the time period ranging from 2006 to 2015, allowing a total observation of 1,317 firm years.FindingsOverall, the paper supports the findings of many researchers that Board independence, promulgating good corporate governance, leads to better access to capital at lower cost, thus providing growth opportunities for ASEAN region. Taking lead from Simpson and Gleason (1999) and similar, we emphasize that during financial distress CEO duality will strengthen control systems and reduce internal discord in ASEAN firms.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the niche studies that has incorporated the difference between civil and common law rule in the study of corporate governance and its impact on financial measures of firms' in the ASEAN countries.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN : STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA, 2005-2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ansoriyah Fadilah
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Profitability Ratios

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of capital structure on financial performance of mining sector companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). This study employed the descriptive analysis and a regression analysis of panel data. This study covered annual data of 30 mining sector companies listed in the BEI in a 7-year time horizon (20052011). The descriptive analysis showed that most of companies applied a low-leverage policy in their capital structure. In average, the companies generate a good financial performance, in terms of profitability ratios and market based ratios. The regression analysis of panel data showed that capital structure has a significant impact on the company's fnancial performance based on ROA, ROE, and PER, but have insignificant effect on the company's financial performance based on market-to-book value ratio.

Does financial deepening matter in financial crisis? An empirical investigation of developed and emerging economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Abdullah ◽  
Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of financial deepening on financial crises in United State of America and Pakistan. The study uses the annual data on financial crisis and financial deepening ranging from 1997 to 2016 in order to encapsulate financial crisis in emerging and developed economies. Study applies Patel and Sarkar (1998) approach to identify and assess accurate form of financial crises. The findings suggest a positive relationship between financial deepening and financial crises in the case of USA, however, no such relationship could be established in case of Pakistan. Keywords: Financial deepening, financial crises, Pakistani stock index, US stock index.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON DOMESTIC INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA (1986-2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
UDEH Samson Okey ◽  
EDEH Chukwudi Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

The major objective of this study is to analyze the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on domestic investment in Nigeria, using annual data covering the period 1986–2017. Time series data on domestic investment, gross domestic product, interest rate, financial deepening and exchange rate were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin 2017 edition. The technique of Autoregressive distributed lagged modeling (ARDL) is adopted to examine the time series data. Findings reveal that the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and domestic investment in Nigeria is negative. However, exchange rate fluctuation has no significant impact on domestic investment in the long run p(t) value 0.6201> 0.05) and short run p(t) value 0.6244 > 0.05). The study suggests that monetary authorities in Nigeria should strive for currency swap agreements with other nations that trade heavily with Nigeria, for example, India, Turkey, United Kingdom. This would help in mitigating the effects of currency fluctuations in the foreign exchange market. KEYWORDS: Domestic investment, Exchange rate fluctuations, ARDL, GDP

scholarly journals Determinants of Fixed Foreign Direct Investment in Botswana

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seloinyana Elizabeth Selelo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Investment Incentives ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we explain the determinants of foreign direct investment in Botswana for the period 1980–2007. The government of Botswana has over the years provided investment incentives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into the country but, despite these efforts, FDI has continued to be relatively low and skewed towards mining, especially diamond mining. Recent literature on investment is silent on the impact of economic growth rates on FDI inflows in developing countries such as this one. We examined economic variables that determined FDI in Botswana, and our study used the accelerator theory of investment to uncover the effects of FDI on the nation’s economy. The dependent variable, FDI is expressed as a function of GDP growth rates, human capital, terms of trade, domestic investment, and government expenditure. We used time series annual data from Botswana Central Statistics Office (CSO) and employed both the co-integration and vector error correction model to find the short-term and long-term effects of FDI. The econometric results showed that economic growth rates better explains FDI flows in Botswana. The significance of economic growth is consistent with the acceleration theory of investment. This finding confirms that the accelerator theory is useful as a policy tool for planning investment outlay in developing countries. The findings are also useful for policy-makers in shading light on investment determinants that could be employed to achieve more FDI in Botswana.

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