scholarly journals Gram stain and Giemsa stain as a rapid diagnostic tool for diagnosis of vaginal infections” in Western Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kishor Bajracharya ◽  
Narinder Kaur ◽  
Sushama Suresh Pant
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Litmus Paper

Abstract: Introduction: Infective vaginitis accounts for about 90% of all the cases of vaginal discharge in the women of reproductive age group. This includes triad of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Method: The study was carried out in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Palpa, Nepal for a time period of 4 months. Total 125 high vaginal swabs from posterior fornix of vagina were collected from November 2014 to February 2015 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in the patients complaining of vaginal discharge. PH of the vaginal discharge was also determined by using litmus paper. Gram’s and Giemsa stain of vaginal swab smear were done to diagnose Bacterial vaginosis, Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis. Age, parity and pregnancy status of the patients were noted. Result: Out of 125 patient, bacterial vaginosis was found in 16% and candidiasis in 37%.Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis were observed in child bearing sexually active women. Surprisingly bacterial vaginosis was not observed in pregnant women. Trichomoniasis infection was present in one case (0.8%) while severe invasive Candidiasis was observed in one woman. Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis can easily be made by Gram’s and Giemsa stain and microscopic examination of high vaginal swab. This may help in specific treatment and  prevent associated morbidity and  recurrence. Key words: Bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, high vaginal swab, Gram’s stain, Giemsa stain.      

scholarly journals Cytological and cultural evaluation of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnancy and its co-relation with maternal and neonatal outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Suresh Khairnar ◽  
Manjushri Ravi Waikar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy represents a risk factor in the occurrence of vaginal infection. This study was undertaken to define the persistence of vaginal flora in 280 pregnant women at 14 to 34 weeks' gestation and to evaluate the role of cytology in diagnosis of vaginal infections. It aims to study the maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnancy with vaginal discharge.Methods: High vaginal swab samples and data on epidemiological characteristics were collected from 280 pregnant women between 14-34 weeks with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge at booking clinic of Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur. Vaginal swab was collected and sent to laboratory for further investigation to establish etiological diagnosis. After diagnosis by vaginal swab report, subjects were treated with the specific treatment to individual infection. Subjects were followed up during antenatal period for complications. A birth weight of delivered baby was noted. The data was analysed using software Graph Pad in stat 3.Results: The incidence of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnancy was 23.9% in one year. The frequency of abnormal discharge was 53% among those aged 20-24 years (97/183), 49.2% in primigravida (65/132). Pain in lower abdomen and back was the most common symptoms i.e. 88.19% in Cases, while 17.36% had vulval pruritus and 14.58% had dysuria.Conclusions: This study recommend that women complaining of vaginal discharge in pregnancy should be evaluated for infections. this study supports CDC-P recommendation as all women who have symptomatic vaginitis, should be treated regardless of pregnancy status.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis, the leading cause of genital discharge among women presenting with vaginal infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Mtebe V Majigo ◽  
Paschal Kashindye ◽  
Zachariah Mtulo ◽  
Agricola Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital

Background: Pathological vaginal discharge is a common complaint of women in reproductive age worldwide caused by various agents. The prevalence and etiologic agents vary depending on the population studied. Management of vaginal discharge in low-income countries, typically depend on the syndromic approach, which limits understanding the specific causative agents. We determined the proportion of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between June and August of 2017 among nonpregnant women at Amana Regional Referral Hospital. Experienced staff performed physical examination to establish a clinical diagnosis, and collection of the high vaginal swab for microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the characteristics of study participants and the proportion of vaginal infections. Results: A total of 196 samples were collected, of all, 128 (65.3%) had either bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomo- niasis. Bacterial vaginosis was the leading infection at 33.2%, followed by candidiasis (19.4%) and trichomoniasis (13.3%). Laboratory confirmed vaginal infection were generally found more in age below 25, unmarried, and those employed or petty business. Conclusion: The proportion of bacterial vaginosis in women with vaginal discharge was relatively higher than others, and the presence of vaginal infection relate to socio-demographic characteristics. Further advanced studies are needed to understand the potential role of aetiologic agents in causing vaginal infections. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; vaginal discharge; genital infection.

scholarly journals TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND HISTORY OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION FOR PERIOD OF GESTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Meena ◽  
Anita Simlot ◽  
Ramesh Chandra ◽  
Pratibha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Reproductive Outcome ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Period Of Gestation

Background: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age, accounting for 40 to 50 per cent of all cases of vaginal discharge. BV is a polymicrobial disorder. Methods: Hospital based observational study. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Results: In the present study 75.30% women had history of previous one abortion. Among them 25% women had BV. Women who had prior history of two or three and more than three abortions had BV in 40% and 40% proportion subsequently. Conclusion: In the present study, the author also studied the association between previous reproductive outcome and BV. No statistically significant association between history of previous one abortion and the presence of BV was found. Keywords: BV, Abortion, Reproductive outcome

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) by BVBlue test

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Shameem Akhter ◽  
Humayun Satter ◽  
Shirin Tarafder ◽  
Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Sohely Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age and require laboratory test for diagnosis . A total 200 women aged 15-45 years with history of abnormal vaginal discharge were included as study population. Fifty women without such history of discharge were taken as healthy control. Three vaginal swab samples were taken from each case and control. These swab samples were subjected to test by conventional methods such as Amsel clinical criteria, Gram stain Nugent method, culture and by newly developed BV Blue test. The results of the BVBlue test were compared with these methods to find out the efficacy of BVBlue test. Rate of detection of bacterial vaginosis (BV) cases was 21.5% by Amsel clinical criteria, 21.0% by Gram stain Nugent method, 21.0% by culture and 22% by BVBlue test among the study population. When comparing with the conventional test and culture, BVBlue test was 100% sensitive and 98% specific. It is rapid, technically simple and is suitable for screening large number of patient in short time where laboratory facilities are not developed. Key words: Bacterial Vaginosis, BVBlue test, Nugent method, Abnormal vaginal discharge. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8465 BJMM 2011; 4(1): 24-27

scholarly journals BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Faiqa Saleem ◽  
Munazza Malik ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Vaginal Gel ◽  
Vaginal Cream ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In women of reproductive age bacterial vaginosis is a most common polymicrobialdisease and is the leading reason for vaginal discharge in this age group. Additionally itis further linked with sizeable disease burden of community problem in terms of infectiouscomplications. Clindamycin vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel are effective in themanagement of vaginal infections caused by multi bacteria. Objectives: To compare thetherapeutic efficacy of Metronidazole vaginal gel and clindamycin vaginal cream as modality oftreatment for bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit-3 Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Period: Six months from 02-05-2011 to 01-11-2011. Material & Methods: A total of 300 patients were included in this study.They were divided into two groups. Group A received metronidazole vaginal gel (5 g dailyfor 7 days) while group B administered with clindamycin vaginal cream (5g daily for 7 days).Results: Mean age of the patient was observed 34.3+3.5 and 32.9+ 2.1 years in group –A andB respectively. Vaginal discharge was absent in 104 patients (69.3%) from group A and 127(84.7%) from group-B. Absence of clue cells on microscopy revealed in 112 patients (74.7%)from group A and 137 patients (91.3%) from group B. Absence of amine odour found in 116patients (77.3%) of group A and 134 patients (89.3%) of group B. Significant difference wasfound between two groups with p value of 0.006 in respect of efficacy. Conclusion: Clindamycinvaginal cream is more effective in comparison to Metronidazole vaginal gel for the treatment ofbacterial vaginosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in Females of Child-Bearing Age and Utility of pH and Whiff Test in Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Fakhar Uddin ◽  
Faiza Zeeshan ◽  
Rakhshanda Younus ◽  
Haleema Yasmin ◽  
Saima Bugti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Background: To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among females of reproductive age and assessment of the effectiveness of pH and the Whiff test in its diagnosis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 100 subjects were included, coming with a complaint of vaginal discharge. The bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by using the Nugent scoring system, Whiff and pH tests. The prevalence was calculated by descriptive statistics and using the Chi-square test and results were shown in percentages and mean with standard deviation. Results: The estimated prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the local population of females of child-bearing age was found to be 39%. The mean age of females with bacterial vaginosis was 33.33±10.46 years. The Whiff test was positive in 89.74% cases, while pH was elevated in 94.87% females with bacterial vaginosis. Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis is a frequent cause of vaginal discharge in females of reproductive age in Pakistan. The diagnosis can be easily made by using Whiff and pH tests even at resource-poor settings. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis, Child-bearing age, pH test, Whiff test.

Isolation, identification and susceptibility pattern of Gardnerella vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameem Akhter ◽  
Humayun Sattar ◽  
Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Sharmeen Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
And Control

Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. A total 200 women aged 15- 45 years with history of abnormal vaginal discharge were included as study population. Fifty women without such history of discharge were taken as healthy control. Two vaginal swab samples were taken from each case and control. These swab samples were subjected to test by Gram stain (Nugent method) and culture. 21.5 % of the cases were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain (Nugent method) and 21 % by culture. Clindamycin was susceptible to G. vaginalis in (90.5%) followed by metronidazol (76.1 %), chloramphenicol (71.4 %) and erythromycin (66.7 %). Out of 50 cases of recurrent bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis was isolated from 15 (30 %) cases, of which 5 (33.3 %) were sensitive and 10 (66.7 %) were resistant to metronidazol, while all 15 cases were sensitive to clindamycin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15814 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (01): 8-11

scholarly journals Comparative study of pap smear and microbiological pattern in bacterial vaginosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Girishma J. ◽  
Rupakala B. M. ◽  
Sunil Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age group. It is characterized by an increased vaginal pH and loss of normal lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobes like Gardnerella vaginalis and other gram-negative rods. Purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of pap smear and microbiological pattern in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH) Bangalore, India. All patients with vaginal discharge were included in the study. Vaginal discharge samples were sent to gram staining, culture and pap smear examination.Results: Of the 52 patients, 18 patients (34.6%) showed positive for bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent’s score. Of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 8 of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to pap’s smear (44%) and 10 had negative pap smears. In our study, of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 14 (77%) of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to culture.Conclusions: In the present study we found out that correlation of gram stain and pap smear was 44% whereas correlation of gram stain and culture was 77%. Hence, we conclude that gram stain and culture are preferred for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis rather than the pap smear evaluation.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VAGINOSIS AMONG WOMEN OF THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP, WHO ATTENDED AT DMC, LAHERIASARAI, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Neha Jha ◽  
R. S. Prasad ◽  
P. N. Jha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint in women and it can be due to vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Aim: A descriptive cross sectional study was done at Microbiology Department, DMC, Laheriasarai, Bihar to find out the common pathogens which caused vaginosis in patients of the reproductive age group, who attended the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department at the Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar and referred to Microbiology Department of DMC, from 1st April to 30th September, 2020. Materials and Methods: All the 140 vaginal discharge samples were subjected to gram staining to view the morphological nature of the bacteria which caused bacterial vaginosis and gram positive, budding yeast cells, wet film for the motility of Trichomonas and Chlamydial antigen detection by ELISA. Results: The overall positivity was 44%, which included bacterial vaginosis (36.4%). The positivity of candidiasis was 4.2%, that of trichomoniasis was 2.1% and that of chlamydiasis was 1.4%. Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis was found to be the commonest cause of the abnormal vaginal discharge in women of the reproductive age group.

scholarly journals The Profile of Bacterial Vaginosis in Academic Hospital Surabaya: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Amanda Gracia Manuputty ◽  
Sunarko Matodiharjo
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a lower genital tract infection, which occur as a result of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis. This vaginal infection can lead to symptoms such as vaginal discharge, malodor and irritation. It is the most common condition occurred in reproductive age but may give 50–75% of asymptomatic signs. Purpose: To overview new BV patients at the Sexually Transmitted Infection Division of Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2015–2017. Methods: A retrospective study was performed by evaluating medical records of new BV patients, including identity, history taking, examination, diagnosis, treatment, follow up and counselling. Result: The number of new BV cases was 35 (1,38%). The most infected age group was 25–44 years old (51%), and 65.7% of them were married. The most common chief complaint was vaginal discharge without subjective complaints (74.3%), the most common type of complaint was recurrence (48.6%), the most partner roles which affected by BV patients were husbands (51.4%), history of vaginal douching (34.2%), and the most vaginal discharges were severe (75.8%). The whiff test showed positive results and pH > 4.5 in 48.6% of patients. All microscopical preparations showed clue cells. The most prescribed drug was metronidazole. Conclusion: The overview new BV cases showed a small incidence with commonly occurred among women in childbearing age and were asymptomatic. A routine high vaginal swab helps the proper diagnosis and management to prevent the recurrence and complication of BV.

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