Isolation, identification and susceptibility pattern of Gardnerella vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. A total 200 women aged 15- 45 years with history of abnormal vaginal discharge were included as study population. Fifty women without such history of discharge were taken as healthy control. Two vaginal swab samples were taken from each case and control. These swab samples were subjected to test by Gram stain (Nugent method) and culture. 21.5 % of the cases were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain (Nugent method) and 21 % by culture. Clindamycin was susceptible to G. vaginalis in (90.5%) followed by metronidazol (76.1 %), chloramphenicol (71.4 %) and erythromycin (66.7 %). Out of 50 cases of recurrent bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis was isolated from 15 (30 %) cases, of which 5 (33.3 %) were sensitive and 10 (66.7 %) were resistant to metronidazol, while all 15 cases were sensitive to clindamycin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15814 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (01): 8-11

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Rapid Detection of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) by BVBlue test

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8465 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Shameem Akhter ◽

Humayun Satter ◽

Shirin Tarafder ◽

Ruhul Amin Miah ◽

Sohely Sharmin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Healthy Control ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age and require laboratory test for diagnosis . A total 200 women aged 15-45 years with history of abnormal vaginal discharge were included as study population. Fifty women without such history of discharge were taken as healthy control. Three vaginal swab samples were taken from each case and control. These swab samples were subjected to test by conventional methods such as Amsel clinical criteria, Gram stain Nugent method, culture and by newly developed BV Blue test. The results of the BVBlue test were compared with these methods to find out the efficacy of BVBlue test. Rate of detection of bacterial vaginosis (BV) cases was 21.5% by Amsel clinical criteria, 21.0% by Gram stain Nugent method, 21.0% by culture and 22% by BVBlue test among the study population. When comparing with the conventional test and culture, BVBlue test was 100% sensitive and 98% specific. It is rapid, technically simple and is suitable for screening large number of patient in short time where laboratory facilities are not developed. Key words: Bacterial Vaginosis, BVBlue test, Nugent method, Abnormal vaginal discharge. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8465 BJMM 2011; 4(1): 24-27

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Comparative study of pap smear and microbiological pattern in bacterial vaginosis

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180888 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1039

Author(s):

Girishma J. ◽

Rupakala B. M. ◽

Sunil Chavan

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Medical College ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age group. It is characterized by an increased vaginal pH and loss of normal lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobes like Gardnerella vaginalis and other gram-negative rods. Purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of pap smear and microbiological pattern in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH) Bangalore, India. All patients with vaginal discharge were included in the study. Vaginal discharge samples were sent to gram staining, culture and pap smear examination.Results: Of the 52 patients, 18 patients (34.6%) showed positive for bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent’s score. Of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 8 of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to pap’s smear (44%) and 10 had negative pap smears. In our study, of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 14 (77%) of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to culture.Conclusions: In the present study we found out that correlation of gram stain and pap smear was 44% whereas correlation of gram stain and culture was 77%. Hence, we conclude that gram stain and culture are preferred for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis rather than the pap smear evaluation.

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Clinicomicrobiological spectrum of abnormal discharge from vagina in women in costal Andhra Pradesh

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205760 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Jyothi Singamsetty ◽

G. Sravani

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

History Of ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽

Trichomonas Vaginitis ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: When there is change in colour, consistency, order and volume of discharge then it is called abnormal vaginal discharge and associated with vulvar pruritus, dyspareunia, dysuria and lower abdominal pain. There is variability in organism isolated and treatment used.Methods: Sexually active women in reproductive age group with complain of abnormal vaginal discharge were included in this study based in following inclusion and exclusion criteria. . A detailed history of patient was taken regarding nature of discharge, colour, smell along with dysuria, dyspareunia, itching of vulva and lower abdominal pain.Results: Out of 160 patients 88 patients have bacterial vaginosis. Trichomonas vaginitis was present in 7.5% patients. Candidiasis was present in 6.25% patients. Some patients were having more than one infection like Bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginitis was coexisting in 13.75%, Bacterial vaginosis + Candidiasis were present in 8.75% patients. Mixed infection was present in 8.75%.Conclusions: From present study we can conclude that vaginal discharge is more common in married women in young age. Patients commonly presented with curdy white discharge, pruritus vulva and lower abdominal pain. Erythema and excoriation in vulva were common presentation, followed by erythema of vagina. Nature of discharge was mucopurulent in most patients. Bacterial vaginosis was most common followed by Trichomonas vaginitis.

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Criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using the test Femoflor-16

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd66457-67 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Veronika V. Nazarova ◽

Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽

Ekaterina N. Gerasimova ◽

Alevtina M. Savicheva

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Nugent Score ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Amsel Criteria

Background. Bacterial vaginosis is disturbance of the balance of the vaginal microflora, associated with a number of infectious diseases of the urogenital tract and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this country, for the detection of vaginal dysbiotic conditions, the test Femoflor-16 (DNA-Technology, Moscow) is widely used, however interpretation algorithms of this test do not include the category of BV. Aim. The study aimed to elaborate diagnostic criteria for the detection of BV using Femoflor-16 test. Materials and methods. Women of reproductive age addressing a gynecologist with vaginal discharge were enrolled in the study. For clinical diagnosis of BV, the Amsel criteria were used, laboratory analysis for BV was performed via microscopic investigation of vaginal discharge using the Nugent score. Samples of vaginal discharge from all women were analyzed with the test Femoflor-16, intended for characterizing vaginal microbiocenosis using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Results. A total of 280 women were included in the study. BV was diagnosed in 86 women (31%) using the Amsel criteria, and in 81 women (29%) using the Nugent score. All groups of anaerobic bacteria included in Femoflor-16 test were shown to be associated with BV, with the exception of bacteria of the genus Mobiluncus, which are detected together with phylogenetically related but not BV-associated bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium. A low amount of lactobacilli (< 10% of total bacterial load) coupled with an elevated amount of Gardnerella vaginalis/Prevotella bivia/Porphyromonas (> 1%) and/or Eubacterium (> 2%) and/or Sneathia/Leptotrichia/Fusobacterium (> 0.1%) and/or Megasphaera/Veillonella/Dialister (> 0.1%) and/or Lachnobacterium/Clostridium (> 0.1%) and/or Peptostreptococcus (> 0.1%) and/or Atopobium vaginae (> 0.2%) detected BV with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. Conclusions. Criteria for BV diagnosis using the test Femoflor-16 have been elaborated, which enable to detect BV or exclude it with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. These criteria for BV and criteria of the test manufacturers for severe anaerobic dysbiosis determine to a large extent the same category of the vaginal microbiocenosis.

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TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND HISTORY OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION FOR PERIOD OF GESTATION

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i7.1282 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

Author(s):

B S Meena ◽

Anita Simlot ◽

Ramesh Chandra ◽

Pratibha Sharma

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Prior History ◽

Reproductive Outcome ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Medical College ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

History Of ◽

Period Of Gestation

Background: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age, accounting for 40 to 50 per cent of all cases of vaginal discharge. BV is a polymicrobial disorder. Methods: Hospital based observational study. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Results: In the present study 75.30% women had history of previous one abortion. Among them 25% women had BV. Women who had prior history of two or three and more than three abortions had BV in 40% and 40% proportion subsequently. Conclusion: In the present study, the author also studied the association between previous reproductive outcome and BV. No statistically significant association between history of previous one abortion and the presence of BV was found. Keywords: BV, Abortion, Reproductive outcome

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Key Aspects of Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis

Doctor Ru ◽

10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-8-86-90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 86-90

Author(s):

A.L. Tikhomirov ◽

◽

S.I. Sarsaniya ◽

V.V. Kazenashev ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

High Compliance ◽

Key Points ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Key Aspects

Objective of the Paper: To describe options for effective treatment, with high compliance rates, of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Key Points: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The paper describes some options for effective treatment, with high compliance rates, of BV and includes clinical cases of the use of clindamycin in obstetric/gynecological practice. Conclusion: High rates of compliance with the treatment, low rates of recurrence, a short duration of treatment, and a low incidence of side effects support the use of clindamycin in the treatment of BV. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, abnormal vaginal discharge, biofilms, clindamycin, Dalacin.

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Microbiological, behavioral and anamnestic predictor factors of bacterial vaginosis in women with vaginal discharge

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd65332-42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 32-42

Author(s):

Elena V Shipitsyna ◽

Tatyana A Khusnutdinova ◽

Olga S Ryzhkova ◽

Anna A Krysanova ◽

Olga V Budilovskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Modes Of Transmission ◽

Vaginal Microflora ◽

Normal Microflora ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Predictor Factors

Introduction. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the primary cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are considered key components of the vaginal microflora in BV. Etiology, pathogenesis and modes of transmission of BV are actively studied, however these questions still remain unanswered. Objective: investigate predictor factors of BV in women with vaginal discharge. Material and methods. In total, 318 women were included. As clinical material, vaginal samples were used. BV was diagnosed using the Nugent method. For quantitative determination of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae DNA, real-time PCR was used. Behavioral and anamnestic data were obtained from questionnaire filled out by the patients. Results. BV was diagnosed in 27 % of women. G. vaginalis and A. vaginae DNA was detected, respectively, in 93 % and 83 % of patients with BV, 73 % and 59 % - with intermediate microflora, 52 % and 38 % - with normal microflora. Difference between the three types of microflora in the frequency and concentrations of these microorganisms were statistically significant. Detection of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae were significant predictor factors of BV (OR 12.2; 95 % CI 5.1-29.4 and OR 7.9; 95 % CI 4.2-14.9, respectively), with chances to diagnose BV being manifold increased when clinically significant concentrations of these bacteria were detected (≥3×106 and ≥8×105 DNA copies/ml for G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, respectively). Detection of clue cells in Gram stained preparations was shown to be the strongest BV predictor (OR 765.6; 95 % CI 99.6-5883.2). Conclusions. BV is diagnosed in more than one fourth of women with vaginal discharge. Detection of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, especially in clinically significant concentrations, and clue cells in Gram stained preparations are significant predictor factors of BV.

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VAGINAL DISCHARGE MICROBIOTA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN

10.36106/ijar/5600838 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

Neha Yadav ◽

Ritesh Kumar Singh ◽

Sonu Panwar P

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Agar Media ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽

Biochemical Testing

One of the most common symptoms in women of reproductive age is vaginal discharge. Normal or abnormal vaginal discharge are both possible. It's important to address pathological discharge. The aim of this research was to investigate the microbiological prole of vaginal discharge and antimicrobial susceptibility trends in women of reproductive age. Easy wet laboratory preparation, 10% KOH, Gram staining, and pH paper were used to diagnose the organism, whereas differential agar media such as CHROM agar, Blood agar, and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar were used to identify and categorise the pathogens, followed by biochemical testing and effective antibiotics to observe susceptibility trends. The antimicrobial activity of Clindamycin and Fluconazole against Gardnerella Vaginalis and Candida bacteria, respectively, was the strongest.

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Reproductive tract infections associated with vaginal discharge and their socio-demographic and reproductive determinants among clinic attendees in Bangladesh

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15958 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Saifur Rahman ◽

Marian J Currie ◽

Robert F Breiman ◽

Masud Reza ◽

Motiur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Reproductive Characteristics ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽

Tract Infections

Abnormal vaginal discharge is frequently associated with common sexually and non-sexually transmitted reproduc-tive tract infections (RTIs) and the resultant poor reproductive health outcomes. However, there is scarce informa-tion concerning the prevalence and etiologies of these infections in women in Bangladesh. The aim of study was to determine the rates of, and socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics associated with, common RTIs in urban public health clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh. An urban clinic-based sample of 1309 currently married women of reproductive age presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge was recruited. Consenting women were interviewed and tested for Candida, bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia tra-chomatis during a speculum examination. Approximately 53% (673/1309) of the participants had laboratory evi-dence of RTIs. The prevalence of Candida, bacterial vaginosis, T. vaginalis, N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis were 32.4%, 22.4%, 3.1%, 2.1 %, 1.9% respectively. Age, education, living in a slum, working outside the home, polygamous marriage and suspecting infidelity were independently associated with vaginal and cervical infections. Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis were the most common infections in this population. Paying attention to the socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics found to be associated with RTIs can assist clinicians in identi-fying women at risk of these infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15958 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 67-72

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Vaginal Dysbiosis and Partial Bacterial Vaginosis: The Interpretation of the “Grey Zones” of Clinical Practice

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Giuseppina Campisciano ◽

Nunzia Zanotta ◽

Vincenzo Petix ◽

Manuela Giangreco ◽

Giuseppe Ricci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Aerobic Vaginitis ◽

Nugent Score ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Reproductive Age Women

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects one-third of reproductive age women, increasing the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and posing a risk for reproductive health. The current diagnosis with Gram stain (Nugent Score) identifies a transitional stage named partial BV or intermediate microbiota, raising the problem of how to clinically handle it. We retrospectively analyzed cervicovaginal swabs from 985 immunocompetent non-pregnant symptomaticspp. women (vaginal discharge, burning, itching) by Nugent score and qPCR for BV, aerobic or fungal vaginitis, and STIs (Mycoplasmas spp., Chlamydia t., Trichomonas v., and Neisseria g.). Nugent scores 0–3 and 7–10 were confirmed in 99.3% and 89.7% cases, respectively, by qPCR. Among Nugent scores 4–6 (partial BV), qPCR identified 46.1% of BV cases, with 37.3% of cases negative for BV, and only 16.7% of partial BV. Gram staining and qPCR were discordant (p value = 0.0001) mainly in the partial BV. Among the qPCR BV cases, the presence of aerobic vaginitis and STIs was identified, with a significant association (p < 0.0001) between the STIs and partial BV/overt BV. qPCR is more informative and accurate, and its use as an alternative or in combination with Gram staining could help clinicians in having an overview of the complex vaginal microbiota and in the interpretation of partial BV that can correspond to vaginitis and/or STIs.

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