ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SORGHUM GENOTYPES SUBMITTED TO WATER DEFICIT TOLERANCE

Abstract Background Drought is a major consequence of global heating that has negative impacts on agriculture. Potato is a drought-sensitive crop; tuber growth and dry matter content may both be impacted. Moreover, water deficit can induce physiological disorders such as glassy tubers and internal rust spots. The response of potato plants to drought is complex and can be affected by cultivar type, climatic and soil conditions, and the point at which water stress occurs during growth. The characterization of adaptive responses in plants presents a major phenotyping challenge. There is therefore a demand for the development of non-invasive analytical techniques to improve phenotyping. Results This project aimed to take advantage of innovative approaches in MRI, phenotyping and molecular biology to evaluate the effects of water stress on potato plants during growth. Plants were cultivated in pots under different water conditions. A control group of plants were cultivated under optimal water uptake conditions. Other groups were cultivated under mild and severe water deficiency conditions (40 and 20% of field capacity, respectively) applied at different tuber growth phases (initiation, filling). Water stress was evaluated by monitoring soil water potential. Two fully-equipped imaging cabinets were set up to characterize plant morphology using high definition color cameras (top and side views) and to measure plant stress using RGB cameras. The response of potato plants to water stress depended on the intensity and duration of the stress. Three-dimensional morphological images of the underground organs of potato plants in pots were recorded using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. A significant difference in growth kinetics was observed at the early growth stages between the control and stressed plants. Quantitative PCR analysis was carried out at molecular level on the expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes. Variations in stress levels were seen to modulate ABA and drought-responsive ABA-dependent and ABA-independent genes. Conclusions This methodology, when applied to the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions, provides a quantitative analysis of leaves and tubers properties at microstructural and molecular levels. The approaches thus developed could therefore be effective in the multi-scale characterization of plant response to water stress, from organ development to gene expression.

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Functional characterization of three water deficit stress-induced genes in tobacco and Arabidopsis: An approach based on gene down regulation

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.09.005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Muthappa Senthil-Kumar ◽

Ramanna Hema ◽

Thumu Rao Suryachandra ◽

H.V. Ramegowda ◽

Ramaswamy Gopalakrishna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Induced Genes

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Identification and Functional Characterization of the CVOMT and EOMT Genes Promoters from Ocimum Basilicum L

10.21203/rs.3.rs-642688/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Khakdan ◽

Zahra Shirazi ◽

Mojtaba Ranjbar

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Stress Dependent ◽

First Time ◽

Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Methyl chavicol and methyl eugenol are important phenylpropanoid compounds previously purified from basil. These compounds are significantly enhanced by the water deficit stress-dependent mechanism. Here, for the first time, pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters were extracted by the genome walking method. They were then cloned into the upstream of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to identify the pattern of GUS water deficit stress-specific expression. Histochemical GUS assays showed in transgenic tobacco lines bearing the GUS gene driven by pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters, GUS was strongly expressed under water deficit stress. qRT-PCR analysis of pObCVOMT and pObEOMT transgenic plants confirmed the histochemical assays, indicating that the GUS expression is also significantly induced and up-regulated by increasing density of water deficit stress. This indicates these promoters are able to drive inducible expression. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that the pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters contained dehydration or water deficit-related transcriptional control elements.

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Functional Characterization of Water-Deficit Stress Responsive Genes Using RNAi

Methods in Molecular Biology - Plant Stress Tolerance ◽

10.1007/978-1-60761-702-0_11 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 193-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muthappa Senthil-Kumar ◽

Makarla Udayakumar ◽

Kirankumar S. Mysore

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Stress Responsive Genes

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Corrigendum to “Functional characterization of three water deficit stress-induced genes in tobacco and Arabidopsis: An approach based on gene down regulation” [Plant Physiol. Biochem. 48 (2010) 35–44]

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.06.007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 805

Author(s):

Muthappa Senthil-Kumar ◽

Ramanna Hema ◽

Thumu Rao Suryachandra ◽

H.V. Ramegowda ◽

Ramaswamy Gopalakrishna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Induced Genes

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Characterization of Dynamic Regulatory Gene and Protein Networks in Wheat Roots Upon Perceiving Water Deficit Through Comparative Transcriptomics Survey

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.710867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yousef Rahimi ◽

Pär K. Ingvarsson ◽

Mohammad Reza Bihamta ◽

Hadi Alipour ◽

Alireza Taleei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Regulatory Gene ◽

Field Trials ◽

Glutathione Metabolism ◽

Cell Periphery ◽

Wheat Roots ◽

Ppi Networks ◽

Extracellular Region

A well-developed root system benefits host plants by optimizing water absorption and nutrient uptake and thereby increases plant productivity. In this study we have characterized the root transcriptome using RNA-seq and subsequential functional analysis in a set of drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The goal of the study was to elucidate and characterize water deficit-responsive genes in wheat landraces that had been through long-term field and biochemical screening for drought tolerance. The results confirm genotype differences in water-deficit tolerance in line with earlier results from field trials. The transcriptomics survey highlighted a total of 14,187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that responded to water deficit. The characterization of these genes shows that all chromosomes contribute to water-deficit tolerance, but to different degrees, and the B genome showed higher involvement than the A and D genomes. The DEGs were mainly mapped to flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, as well as glutathione metabolism and hormone signaling. Furthermore, extracellular region, apoplast, cell periphery, and external encapsulating structure were the main water deficit-responsive cellular components in roots. A total of 1,377 DEGs were also predicted to function as transcription factors (TFs) from different families regulating downstream cascades. TFs from the AP2/ERF-ERF, MYB-related, B3, WRKY, Tify, and NAC families were the main genotype-specific regulatory factors. To further characterize the dynamic biosynthetic pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using significant KEGG proteins and putative TFs. In PPIs, enzymes from the CYP450, TaABA8OH2, PAL, and GST families play important roles in water-deficit tolerance in connection with MYB13-1, MADS-box, and NAC transcription factors.

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Characterization of Epidermal Bladder Cells in Chenopodium quinoa

10.22541/au.162063490.09509555/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie Otterbach ◽

Holly Khoury ◽

Thusitha Rupasinghe ◽

Himasha Mendis ◽

Kim Kwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

High Light ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Primary Metabolites ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Bladder Cells

Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is considered a superfood, as it has favourable nutrient composition and is gluten free. Quinoa has high tolerance to several abiotic stresses, i.e. salinity, water deficit (drought) and cold. The tolerance mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Quinoa has Epidermal Bladder Cells (EBCs) that densely cover the shoot surface, particularly the younger parts of the plant. Here, we report on the EBC’s primary and secondary metabolomes, as well as the lipidome in response to abiotic stresses. EBCs were isolated from plants after cold, heat, high-light, water deficit and salt treatments. We used untargeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyse metabolites and untargeted and targeted Liquid Chromatography-MS (LC-MS) for lipids and secondary metabolite analyses. We identified 64 primary metabolites, including sugars, organic acids and amino acids, 19 secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, betanin and saponins and 240 lipids categorized in five groups including glycerolipids and phospholipids. Although we found only few changes in the metabolic composition of bladders in response to abiotic stresses, metabolites related with heat, cold and high-light treatments, but not salt stress, were changed significantly. Na concentrations were low in EBCs with all treatments, and approximately two orders of magnitude lower than K concentrations.

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Characterization of Sequences Up-regulated in Peach Bark in Response to Low Temperature

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1130b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1130B-1130

Author(s):

Carole L. Bassett ◽

Robert E. Farrell ◽

Timothy S. Artlip

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Subtractive Hybridization ◽

Bark Tissue ◽

Different Seasons

Genes whose expression is regulated by exposure to low temperature (LT) in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) bark were identified by PCR suppression subtractive hybridization. Among the genes identified by this technique were several that had previously been associated with LT responsiveness, as well as a few that have not been reported to be regulated by cold. Genes represented by the first group included Ppdhn1, previously characterized as a seasonally expressed gene predominantly seen in bark tissue collected in winter months. A novel dehydrin found in this study, Ppdhn3, was also observed to be up-regulated at LT and seasonally expressed. Two genes not previously associated with LT response were found to be up-regulated at 5 °C. These genes encode a polypeptide related to some unknown mitochondrial process (Pptar1p) or a transducin-like protein (Pptlp1) that may be associated with signal transduction. Expression of these genes with respect to seasonal variation and drought stress is compared to genes from peach bark (Ppdhn1 and Ppdhn2), whose patterns of expression in different seasons and under water deficit are well documented.

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