A global non-invasive methodology for the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions using imaging, physiological and molecular tools

Abstract Background Drought is a major consequence of global heating that has negative impacts on agriculture. Potato is a drought-sensitive crop; tuber growth and dry matter content may both be impacted. Moreover, water deficit can induce physiological disorders such as glassy tubers and internal rust spots. The response of potato plants to drought is complex and can be affected by cultivar type, climatic and soil conditions, and the point at which water stress occurs during growth. The characterization of adaptive responses in plants presents a major phenotyping challenge. There is therefore a demand for the development of non-invasive analytical techniques to improve phenotyping. Results This project aimed to take advantage of innovative approaches in MRI, phenotyping and molecular biology to evaluate the effects of water stress on potato plants during growth. Plants were cultivated in pots under different water conditions. A control group of plants were cultivated under optimal water uptake conditions. Other groups were cultivated under mild and severe water deficiency conditions (40 and 20% of field capacity, respectively) applied at different tuber growth phases (initiation, filling). Water stress was evaluated by monitoring soil water potential. Two fully-equipped imaging cabinets were set up to characterize plant morphology using high definition color cameras (top and side views) and to measure plant stress using RGB cameras. The response of potato plants to water stress depended on the intensity and duration of the stress. Three-dimensional morphological images of the underground organs of potato plants in pots were recorded using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. A significant difference in growth kinetics was observed at the early growth stages between the control and stressed plants. Quantitative PCR analysis was carried out at molecular level on the expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes. Variations in stress levels were seen to modulate ABA and drought-responsive ABA-dependent and ABA-independent genes. Conclusions This methodology, when applied to the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions, provides a quantitative analysis of leaves and tubers properties at microstructural and molecular levels. The approaches thus developed could therefore be effective in the multi-scale characterization of plant response to water stress, from organ development to gene expression.

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A Global Non-Invasive Methodology for the Phenotyping of Potato Under Water Deficit Conditions using Imaging, Physiological and Molecular Tools

10.21203/rs.3.rs-205257/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maja Musse ◽

Ghina Hajjar ◽

Nusrat Ali ◽

Bastien Billiot ◽

Gisèle Joly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Tuber Growth ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Drought is a major consequence of global heating that has negative impacts on agriculture. Potato is a drought-sensitive crop; tuber growth and dry matter content may both be impacted. Moreover, water deficit can induce physiological disorders such as glassy tubers and internal rust spots. The response of potato plants to drought is complex and can be affected by cultivar type, climatic and soil conditions, and the point at which water stress occurs during growth. The characterization of adaptive responses in plants presents a major phenotyping challenge. There is therefore a demand for the development of non-invasive analytical techniques to improve phenotyping.Results: This project aimed to take advantage of innovative approaches in MRI, phenotyping and molecular biology to evaluate the effects of water stress on potato plants during growth. Plants were cultivated in pots under different water conditions. A control group of plants were cultivated under optimal water uptake conditions. Other groups were cultivated under mild and severe water deficiency conditions (40 and 20% of field capacity, respectively) applied at different tuber growth phases (initiation, filling). Water stress was evaluated by monitoring soil water potential. Two fully-equipped imaging cabinets were set up to characterize plant morphology using high definition color cameras (top and side views) and to measure plant stress using RGB cameras. The response of potato plants to water stress depended on the intensity and duration of the stress. Three-dimensional morphological images of the underground organs of potato plants in pots were recorded using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. A significant difference in growth kinetics was observed at the early growth stages between the control and stressed plants. Quantitative PCR analysis was carried out at molecular level on the expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes. Variations in stress levels were seen to modulate ABA and drought-responsive ABA-dependent and ABA-independent genes.Conclusions: This methodology, when applied to the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions, provides a quantitative analysis of leaves and tubers properties at microstructural and molecular levels. The approaches thus developed could therefore be effective in the multi-scale characterization of plant response to water stress, from organ development to gene expression.

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Selenium supply methods and time of application influence spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under water deficit conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859616000836 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 (4) ◽

pp. 643-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. NAWAZ ◽

M. Y. ASHRAF ◽

R. AHMAD ◽

E. A. WARAICH ◽

R. N. SHABBIR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARYIdentification of new effective strategies for improving crop yields under environmental stresses such as drought represent key priorities for researchers around the globe. In the present study, the effects of different methods of exogenous selenium (Se) supply viz. Se seed priming, Se fertigation and Se foliar spray on yield of spring wheat under normal and water deficit conditions were investigated. Two field experiments were conducted using one indigenous drought-tolerant genotype (Kohistan-97) and a sensitive genotype (Pasban-90) to understand the role of Se in improving wheat yield. The experiments were laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications during consecutive years (2011/12 and 2012/13) and the plants were exposed to water stress by withholding irrigation at two different wheat growth stages, viz. tillering and anthesis. It was noted that drought stress significantly affected the yield attributes of wheat; however, exogenous Se supply was observed to be helpful in improving the drought tolerance potential and yield of water-stressed wheat plants through maintenance of plant water status. A significant increase in wheat yield by Se supply was also noted under normal conditions. The normal plants fertigated with Se maintained the highest values for number of productive tillers, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, biological and grain yield with no significant difference from Se foliar spray at the tillering stage, which was found to be the most effective method of exogenous Se supply for improving wheat yield under water deficit conditions. Moreover, Se fertigation and foliar spray resulted in the maximum accumulation of Se in shoots and gave the highest net return and cost-benefit ratio under drought stress conditions. The present study is one of the few reports on the role of Se in alleviating water stress for obtaining maximum profit in field grown spring wheat.

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Variation of Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Grain Yield in Iranian Cold Barley Promising Lines Under Well-Watered and Water Stress Conditions

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-011-0081-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 65-75

Author(s):

Soleiman Mohammadi ◽

Reza Kas Nazani ◽

Ayda Hosseinzadeh Mahootchi ◽

Keiwan Ftohi

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Water Soluble Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate promising lines in terms of grain yield and water-soluble carbohydrates remobiliza-tion, an experiment with fifteen promising lines and two checks was carried out under full irrigation and terminal water stress conditions at Miyandoab Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station. Mobilized dry matter content and remobilization percentage from shoot to grain under water deficit (177mg)(11.2%) were greater than those under well watering condition. The lowest (110 mg) and the highest (260mg) mobilized dry matter to grain were obtained for C-79-18 and C-83-15lines, respectively. Water deficit reduced grain yield of barley genotypes by 200-1600 kg/ha, and mean grain yield reduction was 800 kg/ha. Line 14 with 5.880and 5.300t/ha grain yield in favorable and water stress conditions was superior to the other lines. Under water deficit condition, line 14 had greater grain yieldby20% and 38% than the Bahman and Makouee cultivars, respectively. The results showed that greater grain yield in tolerant lines under water deficit was due to remobilization of unstructured carbohydrates from shoot to grain. Thus, it seems that selection of lines with higher translocated dry matter and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilate in grain filling under water stress, the suitable way for achieving genotypes with high grain yield under water stress condition.

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Effect of Microelements and Selenium on Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Malondialdehyde Activity and Grain Yield Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3925500 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nourali SAJEDI ◽

Hamid MADANI ◽

Ahmad NADERI

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Block Design ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Main Plot

This study was carried out to investigate effects of microelements under water deficit stress at different growth stages on antioxidant enzyme alteration, chemical biomarker and grain yield of maize in the years 2007 and 2008. The experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were three factors, water deficit stress at different stages of growth as main plot and combinations of selenium (with and without using) and microelements (with and without using) as sub plots. The result indicated that the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde content under water deficit stress increased, but grain yield was reduced. The highest grain yield was obtained from optimum irrigation, while in the case of with water deficit stress at V8 stage it was non significant. Selenium spray increased activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde content of leaves in V8, R2 and R4 stages and also grain yield. Application of microelements increased the leaves superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. Selenium and microelements spray under water deficit stress conditions during vegetative growth and dough stage increased grain yield in comparison to not spraying elements under water stress conditions. The present results also showed that by using selenium and microelements under water stress can obtain acceptable yield compared to not using these elements.

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Rainfall is not the most limiting factor to maize (Zea mays L.) production in intermediate rainfall regions of Zambia. Lessons from Choma District

Journal of Agricultural Policy ◽

10.47941/jap.377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 18-40

Author(s):

Dr. Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga ◽

Prof. Martin Joachim Steyn

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Actual Evapotranspiration ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Stress Index ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Maize Production ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: This study was based on the following objectives; (1) to investigate the sufficiency of rainfall received in Choma by assessing the differences in the precipitation received (PPT) against the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for maize, and (2) to estimate potential for maize production in Choma under the current rainfall and temperature conditions.Methodology: The Soil Water Balance (SWB) crop growth model was used to analyze the rainfall-temperature interactions and estimate the maize stress index (SI) for analyses of crop water stress and potential yields (Yp). The relationships involving precipitation, potential and actual evapotranspiration were performed using time series auto regression and Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD).Findings: Choma was not in a state of water deficit as maize water requirements were lower than precipitation. Maize water stress was destructive when it occurred in the mid than late stages of maize development. Mean precipitation (799.29mm) was higher than mean actual evapotranspiration (719.23 mm), though the difference was insignificant (F = 1.281; p = 0.126). However, potential evapotranspiration for maize in the area was significantly higher than the actual evapotranspiration (mean = 719.23) (F = 5.621; p = 0.012). Less destructive moderately dry periods seldom occurred during the sensitive initial and mid periods of maize development.Results: Farmers in Choma can potentially increase their rain-fed maize yields from the current 1.89 t/ha/year to 4.9 t/ha/year by managing limiting factors to maize production such as reduced access to fertilizer, declining of soil nutrients, late delivery of inputs, lack of markets, pests and lack of proper nutrient management. The study also showed that management rather than climatic conditions is responsible for the low yields in Choma area. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study established a methodology for simulating potential yields of farmers given existing climatic and soil conditions. Policy should concentrate on improving crop management rather than the current concentration on mitigating impacts of climate change as these are not the factors responsible for observed reduced crop yields.

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Corn root morphoanatomy at different development stages and yield under water stress

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000400005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 330-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thiago Corrêa de Souza ◽

Paulo César Magalhães ◽

Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽

Vinícius Politi Duarte ◽

Alyne Oliveira Lavinsky

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Root Length ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Specific Root Length ◽

Root Anatomy ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Cumulative Stress

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize the morphoanatomy of roots and the yield traits of two corn hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance (DKB 390, tolerant; and BRS 1030, sensitive), at different stages of development. Water deficit was imposed for ten days, in a greenhouse, at three growth stages: V5, VT, and R3. These treatments were combined to generate cumulative stress during the plant cycle, as: V5VT, V5R3, VTR3, and V5VTR3. The following were analyzed: root anatomy; proportion of aerenchyma in the cortex; metaxylem number and diameter; phloem thickness; as well as morphological characteristics, such as root length, volume, and surface area, specific root length, length of fine roots, grain yield, and ear length and diameter. Development stage affected the responses to stress: DKB 390 showed the best performance for root morphoanatomy and yield traits, under drought stress, at the reproductive stages, mainly R3, and in the treatments with cumulative stress, especially V5VTR3; whereas BRS 1030 presented higher means for the studied parameters, mainly at the V5 and VT stages, but did not show a higher grain yield under water stress. The greater tolerance of the DKB 390 hybrid to water deficit is probably linked with a memory of pre-exposure to water stress at different growth stages.

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Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Induced Water Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v15i1.33431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 81-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MS Rana ◽

MA Hasan ◽

MM Bahadur ◽

MR Islam

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Water Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Wheat Genotypes

The performance of twenty wheat genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) induced water stress during germination and early seedling growth stages were tested under three levels of water potential i) Control (Tap water), ii) -2 bars and iii) -4 bar at the Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during September 2014 to October 2014. Rate of germination and vigor index of all wheat genotypes were delayed with the increment of water stress induced by PEG. Shoot and root lengths and seedling dry weight of 10 days old seedlings were found to be reduced due to the increment of water stress. However, the degree of reduction of these parameters with the increment of water stress was not similar for all wheat genotypes. Stress tolerance index (STI) based on seedling dry weight indicated a wide difference in stress tolerance among the wheat genotypes. At moderate water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, E 34, E 28 and BAW 1170 showed more stress tolerance and the wheat genotypes- Sourav, E 23 and BAW 1140 showed greater stress sensitivity than the other wheat genotypes. At higher water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 28, E 28 and BAW 1170 showed more stress tolerance and the wheat genotypes- Satabdi, Sourav, BARI Gom 26, E 23, E 38, E 24, BAW 1163, BAW 1140 and BAW 1151 showed greater stress sensitivity than the others. Considering both moderate and high water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, E 28 and BAW 1170 were found as tolerant and Sourav, E 23 and BAW 1140 were found as water deficit stress sensitive wheat genotypes. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 81-91

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Effect of Water Deficit on Photosynthesis and Tuber Metabolism in Potatoes

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9750323 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 323 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J Moorby ◽

R Munns ◽

J Walcott

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Primary Effect ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Tuber Growth ◽

Residual Resistance ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Co2 Transport ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽

And Control

The primary effect of a period of drought on potato plants was to reduce the rate of photosynthesis. Decreases in CO2 uptake could mainly be ascribed to an increase in the residual resistance to CO2 transport. Levels of sugars and of starch-synthesizing enzymes in extracts from tubers of droughted and control plants were similar, and it is likely therefore that the effect of drought on tuber growth is exerted mainly via a reduction in the supply of assimilate.

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Effect of drought stress on the formation of yield elements in spring barley and the potential of stress expression reduction by foliar application of fertilizers and growth stimulator

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4056-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 439-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I. Svobodová ◽

P. Míša

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Grain Number Per Spike ◽

Yield Structure ◽

1000 Grain Weight ◽

Different Growth Stages

Spring barley plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages – from the period after emergence to the beginning of stem elongation, from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis in pot experiments. In variants exposed to water deficit from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis, effects of foliar fertilizers and Atonik preparation (applied before the growth stage DC 30 or at DC 33) to lower the stress impacts were tested. During the growing season, formation and reduction of tillers, florets per spike and the yield structure at full ripeness were investigated. The water deficit at stem elongation caused a withering out of the established tillers, drought during the formation of the florets reduced their number as well as their development into grains. In the variant where water stress was present to the beginning of stem elongation, the plants were able to compensate for stress implications by productive tillers that developed later (at stem elongation). The previous water deficit did not decrease 1000-grain weight, however protein content in grain increased due to low grain yield per pot. If foliar fertilizers and Atonik were applied before DC 30, a reduction of fertile florets decreased, which led to slight increase in a grain number per spike.

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A water stress index based on water balance modelling for discrimination of grapevine quality and yield

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.1.1655 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rémi Gaudin ◽

Kamal Kansou ◽

Jean-Christophe Payan ◽

Anne Pellegrino ◽

Christian Gary

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Balance ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Balance Model ◽

Stress Index ◽

Balance Model ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Water Stress Index ◽

Berry Quality

Aims: A water stress index based on a water balance model was tested as a tool for classifying the water stress paths experienced by grapevines in various French Mediterranean vineyards. The relations between the index value and grapevine yield and berry quality (sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins) at harvest were investigated.Methods and results: A data set of 102 situations, each combining one location, one variety, one vintage and one water regime (irrigation or, most often, no irrigation), was collected for the study. The Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) was simulated by a unique-soil-reservoir water balance model at a daily time step. Five classes of water deficit were delimited from specific decreasing thresholds of FTSW over four periods between flowering and harvest. These thresholds were derived from predawn leaf water potential values because over decades, grapegrowers and researchers have shared references and built expertise by using this variable throughout the Mediterranean region. A water stress index resulting from the levels of water deficit reached at each of the four periods of the cycle was calculated. This index was correlated with yield per vine, berry weight, and berry sugar and organic acid contents but not with berry anthocyanin content.Conclusion: A simple water stress index, based on the water balance model, exhibited significant correlations with yield and berry quality for various cultivars and pedo-climatic conditions in Mediterranean vineyards.Significance and impact of the study: This water stress index is a valuable tool for explaining the variations in grape yield and quality among various locations and years because it reflects the vineyard water stress history in relation to rainfall regime and soil conditions. Improvement would come from the simulation of FTSW during winter, notably for soils of high Total Transpirable Soil Water. One potential application is the quantification of water stress change brought by irrigation in Mediterranean vineyards, and its relation to grapevine production.

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