scholarly journals Prevalence of Aspergillus colonization and sensitization in patients of cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
meenu singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Inhaled Antibiotics

Background: Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungal species are common pathogens isolated in CF patients and they lead to a variety of diseases like ABPA and invasive aspergillosis. Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence of Aspergillus colonization, sensitization and ABPA in our cohort of CF patients. Also, to study the various risk factors for Aspergillus colonization and ABPA in these patients. Methodology: This was a observational study in which 30 patients of cystic fibrosis between 0 to 18 years were enrolled visiting a tertiary care hospital in north India during January 2019 till December 2020. Data was collected on pre-structured proforma on cough swab and sputum c/s for bacteria and fungus, skin prick test for Aspergillus fumigatus, total IgE, Aspergillus specific IgE, Aspergillus specific IgG, galactomannan and CXR. Prevalence of Aspergillus colonization, sensitization and ABPA was calculated, Odds ratio for all the postulated risk factors for Aspergillus colonization and ABPA were calculated and further Chi square test was applied to check association of ABPA with pulmonary exacerbation. Results: Patients enrolled were between the age group of 4 months till 18 years of age with the median age being 4.75 years (IQR: 2.25 -11.75). 16.67% (n=5), 36.67% (n=11) of the patients enrolled in our study were colonized and sensitized with Aspergillus fumigatus respectively. While, 23.34% (n=7) of the patients had ABPA. We found positive association of Aspergillus colonization with multiple risk factors under study, in the following order of decreasing odds ratio, inhaled antibiotics (OR: 4.75) followed by use of azithromycin (OR: 3.5), inhaled corticosteroids (OR: 2.6), and atopy (OR: 1.3). Conclusion: Aspergillus fumigatus is a common colonizer in patients of cystic fibrosis (16.67%), and can lead to an inflammatory response and ABPA (23.34%). Use of azithromycin, inhaled antibiotics, inhaled corticosteroids and atopy increases the chances of Aspergillus colonization.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-resistance Enterococcal Colonization in Hospitalized Patients in Relation to Antibiotic Usage in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhina Banerjee ◽  
Shampa Anupurba ◽  
Joel Filgona ◽  
Dinesh K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital

ABSTRACT Background: Alarming rise of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is a global cause of concern. Several factors have been held responsible for such rise, of which antibiotic usage is a prominent one. Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the intestinal VRE colonization rate amongst hospitalized patients in relation to use of various antibiotics in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care university hospital, India. Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected weekly from all the patients in the adult ICU for a period of 6 months and processed for isolation and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of VRE isolates. Patient and treatment details were noted and cases (those with VRE in stool) and controls (those without VRE in stool) were compared statistically. Further, a multivariate analysis was done to identify those antibiotics as independent risk factors for VRE colonization. Results: VRE colonization was found in 34.56% (28/81) of the patients studied, with the majority 75% (21/28) carrying the vanA gene. The cases had significantly more (P < 0.05) duration of hospital stay and antibiotic exposure. Intake of metronidazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were identified as significant risk factors both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: A potential reservoir of VRE was thus revealed even in low VRE prevalence setting. Based on this high colonization status, restriction of empirical antibiotic use, reviewing of the ongoing antibiotic policy, and active VRE surveillance as an integral part of infection control strategy were suggested.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Poorly Controlled Childhood Epilepsy - A Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Moinuddin ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Shaheen Akhter ◽  
Syeda Tabassum Alam ◽  
CA Kawser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
One Year

Objective: Identifying the risk factors of poor seizure control in children in a setting of tertiary care hospital. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Child Development and Neurology Unit in the department of Paediatrics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Study period: January 2004 through December 2005. Subjects: One hundred and twenty epileptic children were studied. They were grouped into controlled group (seizure free for more than six months) and poorly controlled group (having one or more seizure per month over a period of six months or more and who had experienced trials of at least two different antiepileptic drugs at optimum doses alone or in combination with adequate compliance) at the end of intervention and compared. Results: In this study 76 (63.3%) children were male and 44 (36.7%) children were female. Out of 120 cases 79 (65.8%) were in controlled group and 41 (34.2%) cases had poorly controlled epilepsy. Mean age of the controlled group and poorly controlled group of children were 79 months and 40.3 months respectively. Focal epilepsy was found in 30 (68%) cases in controlled and in 14 (31.8%) cases of poorly controlled group and generalized epilepsy was found in 42 (72%) cases in controlled and in 19 (28.8%) cases in poorly controlled group. Idiopathic epilepsy was more common which was 37 (46%) in controlled group against 14 (34%) in poorly controlled group. But symptomatic and cryptogenic cases were more prevalent with poorly controlled group 57.5% than controlled group 53%. In poorly controlled group 48.8% had cerebral palsy in comparison to 22.8% of controlled group. Early onset of seizure before one year was 25.3% in controlled and 78% in poorly controlled group (odds ratio=.2322, p =.0082) and one or more seizure per week 43% in controlled and 92.7% in poorly controlled group (odds ratio=.1218, p=.0032) were found as risk factors of poorly controlled epilepsy. Conclusion: Early onset of seizure before one year, symptomatic epilepsy and one or more seizure per week at diagnosis were found as risk factors of poorly controlled epilepsy in children attending a tertiary care hospital. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v34i2.10216 BJCH2010; 34(2): 44-50

scholarly journals Symptoms and perceptions of risk factors among cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Naveen K. Goel ◽  
Munesh K. Sharma ◽  
Awadhesh K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Background: With growing incidence of cancer, it is of prime interest to study views of cancer patients regarding their perceptions regarding cancer cure and its risk factors. The objective of the study was to explore opinions of cancer patients regarding the disease and perceived risk factors of various cancers.Methods: Results of present study are based on part of detailed findings of ICMR sponsored project wherein perceptions and beliefs of cancer patients were explored by interview method.Results: Study included 1117 new cancer patients including 501 (44.9%) males and 616 (55.1%) females representing different socio-economic classes. Spectrum of cases showed breast cancer (18.3%), head and neck cancer (10.2%) and cervical cancer (9.1%) as three major types of cancers. About 43% respondents were of the opinion that cancer can be curable and 15.0% thought it was due to displeasure of God. Symptoms of cancer perceived by them included mainly weakness and fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss, indigestion or difficulty in swallowing as reported by 729 (65.3%), 568 (50.9%), 341 (30.5%) patients, respectively. Varied perceptions of patients regarding risk factors for different types of cancers were also reported.Conclusions: The study reported several misconceptions regarding cancer and risk factors perceived by cancer patients. There is an urgent need of health education to be made an integral part of cancer cure to avoid those misconceptions of patients prevent the disease and for better treatment outcomes. More in-depth studies are required to explore further opinions and to ascertain the findings.

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