scholarly journals Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the rhizosphere of light-irradiated Arabidopsis thaliana during phytoextraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Niu ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Tian Gan ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Soil Cd

Light, one of the most important natural resources for plant species, significantly influences the biomass yield and nutrient uptake capacity in plants. However, the impacts of light treatment on the toxicity of metals in soils has rarely been reported. Light irradiation treatments were performed to evaluate the influence of red, yellow, and blue lights on the concentrations and fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the rhizosphere soils of Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that monochromatic red light significantly raised the levels of DOM and proportions of hydrophilic fractionations in the rhizosphere of A. thaliana relative to the control, while monochromatic blue light had the opposite effect. Moreover, the proportions of hydrophobic acid, which can mobilize Cd effectively, also raised with increasing doses of red light, which stimulated Cd mobilization. The application of yellow light not only increased the levels of hydrophobic acid in monochromatic red light treatment, but also decreased the proportion of hydrophobic fractions in monochromatic blue light treatment, partially weakening the negative impacts of pure blue light on soil Cd activation. Moreover, DOM from the combined red, yellow, and blue lights resulted in a significantly stronger Cd extraction efficiency compared with the other light irradiation treatments, consequently enhancing the Cd phytoextraction efficiency of A. thaliana. The findings of this study demonstrated that a suitable light combination can enhance the phytoremediation effect of A. thaliana by activating soil Cd, and this method can be extrapolated to the real field, where light irradiation can be easily applied.

scholarly journals Influence of light-irradiated Noccaea caerulescens on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in its rhizospheric soil during phytoremediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Niu ◽  
Zhansheng Wang ◽  
Hanfei Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Yang ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Extraction Ability ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Noccaea Caerulescens ◽  
Soil Cd

Abstract It has been observed that suitable light irradiation can improve the phytoremediation efficiency of various plants by enhancing their growth rate and metal uptake capacity. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of light irradiation on metal mobilization and translocation in soils have rarely been reported. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the variation in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the rhizosphere of Noccaea caerulescens when irradiated with different combinations of red (0, 25, 50, 90, and 100 % red) and blue light. N. caerulescens was induced to secrete significantly more DOM, relative to the control, into its rhizosphere after being irradiated with pure red light and other red light combinations; this increased the bioavailability of soil Cd. Moreover, the concentrations and proportions of the hydrophilic DOM fractions, particularly hydrophilic acid, which exhibited a high affinity for Cd, increased with increasing ratios of the red light. Furthermore, DOM secreted because of the light irradiation treatments exhibited a significantly higher Cd extraction ability compared with that of the untreated control; this consequently increased the Cd uptake capacity of N. caerulescens. The results demonstrated that the secretion of more DOM, particularly hydrophilic acid, plays a pivotal role in improving the phytoremediation efficiency of N. caerulescens.

scholarly journals Single Wavelengths of LED Light Supplement Promote the Biosynthesis of Major Cyclic Monoterpenes in Japanese Mint

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ueda ◽  
Miki Murata ◽  
Ken Yokawa
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Japanese Mint

Environmental light conditions influence the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in the mint plant. Cyclic terpenes, such as menthol, menthone, pulegone, and menthofuran, are major odor components synthesized in mint leaves. However, it is unclear how light for cultivation affects the contents of these compounds. Artificial lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for plant cultivation has the advantage of preferential wavelength control. Here, we monitored monoterpene contents in hydroponically cultivated Japanese mint leaves under blue, red, or far-red wavelengths of LED light supplements. Volatile cyclic monoterpenes, pulegone, menthone, menthol, and menthofuran were quantified using the head-space solid phase microextraction method. As a result, all light wavelengths promoted the biosynthesis of the compounds. Remarkably, two weeks of blue-light supplement increased all compounds: pulegone (362% increase compared to the control), menthofuran (285%), menthone (223%), and menthol (389%). Red light slightly promoted pulegone (256%), menthofuran (178%), and menthol (197%). Interestingly, the accumulation of menthone (229%) or menthofuran (339%) was observed with far-red light treatment. The quantification of glandular trichomes density revealed that no increase under light supplement was confirmed. Blue light treatment even suppressed the glandular trichome formation. No promotion of photosynthesis was observed by pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The present result indicates that light supplements directly promoted the biosynthetic pathways of cyclic monoterpenes.

Red Light Effects on Blue Light–Based Phototropism in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

2014 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Sindelar ◽  
Katherine D. L. Millar ◽  
John Z. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Effects

scholarly journals Manipulation of Intraday Durations of Blue- and Red-Light Irradiation to Improve Cos Lettuce Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Jishi ◽  
Ryo Matsuda ◽  
Kazuhiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Lettuce Growth

The morphology of plants growing under combined blue- and red-light irradiation is affected by the presence or absence of time slots of blue- and red-light mono-irradiation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the morphology and growth of cos lettuce grown under light irradiation combining several durations of blue and red light simultaneously and independent mono-irradiations of blue and red light during the day, and to clarify the effects of the durations of blue-light mono-irradiation and blue-light irradiation. Young cos lettuce seedlings were grown under 24-h blue-light irradiation with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 110μmol m−2 s−1 (B+0R) or under 24-h blue-light irradiation with a PPFD of 100μmol m−2 s−1 supplemented with 8 (B+8R), 16 (B+16R), and 24-h (B+24R) red-light irradiation with PPFDs of 30, 15, and 10μmol m−2 s−1, respectively (Experiment 1). The daily light integral was 9.50mol m−2 in all treatments. In Experiment 1, leaf elongation was promoted as the duration of red-light irradiation decreased and the duration of blue-light mono-irradiation increased. The maximum shoot dry weight was observed under the B+8R treatment. Growth was likely promoted by the expansion of the light-receptive area caused by moderate leaf elongation without tilting. In Experiment 2, young cos lettuce seedlings were grown as for Experiment 1, but blue- and red-light irradiation intensities were reversed (R+0B, R+8B, R+16B, and R+24B). Leaf elongation was promoted by the absence of blue-light irradiation (R+0B). The leaf surface was increasingly flattened, and the shoot dry weight was enhanced, as the duration of blue-light irradiation increased. Thus, cos lettuce leaf morphology may be manipulated by adjusting each duration of blue-light mono-irradiation, red-light mono-irradiation, and blue- and red-light simultaneous irradiation, which can, in turn, promote cos lettuce growth.

Involvement of Two Different Photoreceptors in the Light Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase Activity in a Chlorophyll-Free Chlorella Mutant

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Meya ◽  
Wolfgang Kowallik
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Continuous Irradiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Mutant

Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) activity of a non-photosynthetic mutant of Chlorella kessleri is markedly enhanced under blue and slightly increased under red light. In both cases, the effect is largest after 6 h of irradiation. In blue light, saturation is reached at about 10 μEm-2 s-1; in red light, it is not even indicated at 62 μE m-2 s-1.Semilogarithmic plots of both intensity dependencies reveal different slopes, indicating envolvement of two separate photoreceptors. This feature is supported by different effects of pulse irradiation: The response to 15 min of red light irradiation (λmax 650 nm) increases in subsequent darkness. It reaches the same value as in continuous light after 6 h. The response to 15 min of blue light irradiation (λmax 441 nm) increases also in subsequent darkness. However, after 6 h it reaches only 30% of the value obtained by continuous irradiation.It is concluded that, glutamine synthetase of Chlorella is controlled by two different photoreceptors both independent of photosynthesis. There is evidence of two forms of glutamine synthetase, the intracellular distribution and specific light regulations of these are discussed.

The role of phytochrome C in gravitropism and phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Kumar ◽  
Crystal E. Montgomery ◽  
John Z. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Phytochrome A ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Root Gravitropism ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Rosette Leaf

The phytochrome (phy) photoreceptors, which consist of a small gene family PHYA-E in dicot plants, play important roles in regulating many light-induced responses in plants. Although the best characterised phytochromes are phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome (phyB), the functions of phyD and phyE have been increasingly studied. Phytochrome C (phy C) has been the most poorly understood member of the photoreceptor family, since isolation of phyC mutants only has been accomplished within the last few years. Recent reports show that phyC functions in hypocotyl elongation, rosette leaf morphology, and timing of flowering. In the present study, we show that phyC plays a role in tropisms in seedlings and inflorescence stems of light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Wassilewskija ecotype). Phytochrome C has a positive effect on gravitropism in hypocotyls and stems, but it has a limited role in root gravitropism. In contrast, phyC attenuates the positive phototropic response to blue light in hypocotyls and the red-light-based positive phototropism in roots. Phytochrome D (phy D) also mediates gravitropism in hypocotyls and inflorescence stems and attenuates positive phototropism in response to blue in hypocotyls and stems. Thus, phyC can be added to the list of the other four phytochromes, which play various roles in both gravitropism and phototropism in plant organs. This report also supports the growing body of evidence demonstrating cross talk between phytochromes and blue-light photoreceptors.

Directional blue light irradiation triggers epidermal cell elongation of abaxial side resulting in inhibition of leaf epinasty in geranium under red light condition

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Fukuda ◽  
Mitsuko Fujita ◽  
Yoshitaka Ohta ◽  
Sadanori Sase ◽  
Shigeo Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Abaxial Side

scholarly journals In vitro DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES OF SELAGINELLA CILIARIS OF RAJASTHAN UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT QUALITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-643
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Yellow Light

In the current study, megaspore germination and the emergence of sporelings in vitro under different light qualities were recorded in Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring. Megaspore germination in terms of exine bursting was observed after 17 days from the date of sowing in control whereas this process under red light treatment was observed two days earlier than control. Under yellow light, it was recorded after 11days of spore sowing, which is earlier by 6 days than control while in blue light exine bursting was observed after 17 days from the date of sowing as observed in control. The emergence of sporelings was observed only in blue light treatment after 23 days of sowing. These observations indicate that yellow and red light qualities promote megaspore germination and blue light behaves as control during germination but favors the development of sporelings in this species of Selaginella occurring in Rajasthan.

scholarly journals Efek Panjang Gelombang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Propagul Pada Kultur Jaringan Eucheuma cottonii Doty, 1885 (Rhodophyceae; Solieracea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Wilis Ari Setyati ◽  
Rini Pramesti ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Irwani Irwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Light Wavelength ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii ◽  
Branching Index

The problem in cultivating Eucheuma cottonii is the procurement of seeds and techniques currently developed through tissue culture. The limiting factor in this technique is the use of optimal light for the growth of the seaweed. The aims of study was to optimize the wavelength of light on the growth of E cottonii propagules. The research method is laboratory experimental with the treatment of different wavelengths of light: red light wavelength (λ = 633.8 nm), green (λ = 515.8 nm), blue (λ = 455.7 nm), combined light on the lamp LED (λ = 456.6 nm, 515.8 nm and 632.9 nm), and fluorescent light in TL lamps (λ = 407 nm, 443 nm, 557 nm and 592 nm). The results showed that the wavelength had a significant effect (p ≤0.05) on the growth of E cottonii. The best treatment for blue light with absolute, relative and specific growth values of propagule weight of 155 ± 11.910 mg, 419 ± 70.849%, and 5.860 ± 0.501% / day. The absolute, relative and specific growth values for propagule diameter were 701 ± 123.1 mm, 63 ± 12% and 1.73 ± 0.27% / day. The percentage of branching growth and the branching index were 60.85 ± 9.16% and 27.77 ± 1.23. Blue light treatment is optimal radiation in the E. cottonii tissue culture  Permasalahan dalam budidaya Eucheuma cottonii adalah pengadaan bibit dan teknik yang berkembang saat ini melalui kultur jaringan. Faktor pembatas dalam teknik ini adalah penggunaan cahaya yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi panjang gelombang cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan propagul E cottonii. Metode penelitian secara experimental laboratoris dengan perlakuan perbedaan panjang gelombang cahaya : panjang gelombang lampu cahaya merah (λ = 633,8 nm), hijau (λ = 515,8 nm), biru (λ = 455,7 nm), cahaya gabungan pada lampu LED (λ = 456,6 nm, 515,8 nm dan 632,9 nm), dan cahaya flourescent pada lampu TL (λ = 407 nm, 443 nm, 557 nm dan 592 nm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang berpengaruh signifikan (p < 0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan E cottonii. Perlakuan terbaik pada cahaya biru dengan nilai pertumbuhan mutlak, relatif dan spesifik bobot propagul sebesar 155±11,910 mg, 419 ± 70,849 %, dan 5,860 ± 0,501 %/hari. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak, relatif dan spesifik diameter propagul sebesar 701±123,1 mm, 63±12 % dan 1,73±0,27 %/hari. Persentase pertumbuhan percabangan dan indeks percabangan sebesar 60,85±9,16 % dan  27,77±1,23. Perlakuan sinar biru merupakan penyinaran optimal dalam kultur jaringan E. cottonii.

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