scholarly journals Single Wavelengths of LED Light Supplement Promote the Biosynthesis of Major Cyclic Monoterpenes in Japanese Mint

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ueda ◽  
Miki Murata ◽  
Ken Yokawa
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Japanese Mint

Environmental light conditions influence the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in the mint plant. Cyclic terpenes, such as menthol, menthone, pulegone, and menthofuran, are major odor components synthesized in mint leaves. However, it is unclear how light for cultivation affects the contents of these compounds. Artificial lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for plant cultivation has the advantage of preferential wavelength control. Here, we monitored monoterpene contents in hydroponically cultivated Japanese mint leaves under blue, red, or far-red wavelengths of LED light supplements. Volatile cyclic monoterpenes, pulegone, menthone, menthol, and menthofuran were quantified using the head-space solid phase microextraction method. As a result, all light wavelengths promoted the biosynthesis of the compounds. Remarkably, two weeks of blue-light supplement increased all compounds: pulegone (362% increase compared to the control), menthofuran (285%), menthone (223%), and menthol (389%). Red light slightly promoted pulegone (256%), menthofuran (178%), and menthol (197%). Interestingly, the accumulation of menthone (229%) or menthofuran (339%) was observed with far-red light treatment. The quantification of glandular trichomes density revealed that no increase under light supplement was confirmed. Blue light treatment even suppressed the glandular trichome formation. No promotion of photosynthesis was observed by pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The present result indicates that light supplements directly promoted the biosynthetic pathways of cyclic monoterpenes.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Light-Regulated Monoterpenes Biosynthesis in Leaves of Mentha canadensis L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Xu Yu ◽  
Xiwu Qi ◽  
Shumin Li ◽  
Hailing Fang ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Light is a key environmental aspect that regulates secondary metabolic synthesis. The essential oil produced in mint (Mentha canadensis L.) leaves is used widely in the aromatics industry and in medicine. Under low-light treatment, significant reductions in peltate glandular trichome densities were observed. GC-MS analysis showed dramatically reduced essential oil and menthol contents. Light affected the peltate glandular trichomes’ development and essential oil yield production. However, the underlying mechanisms of this regulation were elusive. To identify the critical genes during light-regulated changes in oil content, following a 24 h darkness treatment and a 24 h recovery light treatment, leaves were collected for transcriptome analysis. A total of 95,579 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 754 bp. About 56.58% of the unigenes were annotated using four public protein databases: 10,977 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be involved in the light signaling pathway and monoterpene synthesis pathway. Most of the TPs showed a similar expression pattern: downregulation after darkness treatment and upregulation after the return of light. In addition, the genes involved in the light signal transduction pathway were analyzed. A series of responsive transcription factors (TFs) were identified and could be used in metabolic engineering as an effective strategy for increasing essential oil yields.

scholarly journals Hairiness Gene Regulated Multicellular, Non-Glandular Trichome Formation in Pepper Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqiu Liu ◽  
Haoran Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Jinkui Liu ◽  
Sujun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Multicellular Trichome

Trichomes are unicellular or multicellular epidermal structures that play a defensive role against environmental stresses. Although unicellular trichomes have been extensively studied as a mechanistic model, the genes involved in multicellular trichome formation are not well understood. In this study, we first classified the trichome morphology structures in Capsicum species using 280 diverse peppers. We cloned a key gene (Hairiness) on chromosome 10, which mainly controlled the formation of multicellular non-glandular trichomes (types II, III, and V). Hairiness encodes a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger protein, and virus-induced gene silencing of the gene resulted in a hairless phenotype. Differential expression of Hairiness between the hairiness and hairless lines was due to variations in promoter sequences. Transgenic experiments verified the hypothesis that the promoter of Hairiness in the hairless line had extremely low activity causing a hairless phenotype. Hair controlled the formation of type I glandular trichomes in tomatoes, which was due to nucleotide differences. Taken together, our findings suggest that the regulation of multicellular trichome formation might have similar pathways, but the gene could perform slightly different functions in crops.

scholarly journals 624 Red light emitting diode (LED) light treatment promotes memory through up-regulation of trpm4 in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. S84
Author(s):  
S. Yu ◽  
M. You ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
C. Cheng ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light

scholarly journals Effect of Light-Emitting Diode (Led) Light on the Gene Expression Related With Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Broccoli Florets

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Chandra Kurnia Setiawan ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Gang Ma ◽  
Masaya Kato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Effect Of Light

Ascorbate is one of the most abundant soluble antioxidants in the plant. Multiple functions of ascorbate in photo protection have been proposed, including scavenging of reactive oxygen species generated by oxygen photoreduction and photorespiration. There is still unclear information relation to LED light with Ascorbate biosynthesis and metabolism, yellowing, chlorophyll content, and ethylene production in broccoli florets. The effect of light-emitting diodes (LED) light on ascorbate (AsA) biosynthesis and metabolism in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) cultivar “Ryokurei” were studied using red (660 nm), blue (470 nm) and white LED lights as the light source and also no light treatment as the control. Gene expression involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of AsA, AsA content, color, chlorophyll content and ethylene production rate on the postharvest broccoli were observed in 4 days. The result showed that after two days, red light treatment significantly (p < 0,05) delayed the decrease of ascorbate content. The result was supported by observations using Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR showed that red light treatment can suppress mRNA level of BO-APX1, BO-APX2, and BO-sAPX on the third day. Observation of BO-GLDH mRNA level was increased in the third-day exposure of red LED light. Therefore red LED light showed up-regulated AsA biosynthesis transcriptional level. Enzymes which possibility responsible for AsA metabolism and biosynthesis in a row were Ascorbate Peroxide (APX) and L-Galactono-1,4-Lactone Dehydrogenase (GLDH). The regulation of this gene expression might contribute to the suppression of AsA reduction by red LED light treatment in broccoli. Red LED also showed suppression of yellowing and decline the chlorophyll content in postharvest broccoli florets. Keywords: ascorbate, LED; broccoli; gene expression; real-time quantitative RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Illumination Policies for Stichococcus sp. Cultures in an Optimally Operating Lab-Scale PBR toward the Directed Photosynthetic Production of Desired Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Psachoulia ◽  
Christos Chatzidoukas
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Red Led

The light spectrum effect on the cultivation efficiency of the microalgae strain Stichococcus sp. is explored, as a means of potentially intensifying the biomass productivity and regulating the cellular composition. Stichococcus sp. batch culture experiments, within a 3 L bench-top photobioreactor (PBR), are designed and implemented under different light spectrum profiles (i.e., cool white light (WL), cool white combined with red light (WRL), and cool white combined with blue light, (WBL)). The obtained results indicate that the studied strain is capable of adapting its metabolite profile to the light field to which it is exposed. The highest biomass concentration (3.5 g/L), combined with intense carbohydrate accumulation activity, resulting in a respective final concentration of 1.15 g/L was achieved within 17 days using exclusively cool white light of increasing intensity. The addition of blue light emitting diodes (LED) light, combined with appropriately selected culture conditions, contributed significantly to the massive synthesis and accumulation of lipids, resulting in a concentration of 1.43 g/L and a respective content of 46.13% w/w, with a distinct impact on biomass, carbohydrates and proteins productivity. Finally, a beneficial contribution of red LED light to the protein synthesis is recognized and this can be conditionally amplified provided nitrogen sufficiency in the culture medium.

scholarly journals In vitro DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES OF SELAGINELLA CILIARIS OF RAJASTHAN UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT QUALITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-643
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Yellow Light

In the current study, megaspore germination and the emergence of sporelings in vitro under different light qualities were recorded in Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring. Megaspore germination in terms of exine bursting was observed after 17 days from the date of sowing in control whereas this process under red light treatment was observed two days earlier than control. Under yellow light, it was recorded after 11days of spore sowing, which is earlier by 6 days than control while in blue light exine bursting was observed after 17 days from the date of sowing as observed in control. The emergence of sporelings was observed only in blue light treatment after 23 days of sowing. These observations indicate that yellow and red light qualities promote megaspore germination and blue light behaves as control during germination but favors the development of sporelings in this species of Selaginella occurring in Rajasthan.

scholarly journals Efek Panjang Gelombang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Propagul Pada Kultur Jaringan Eucheuma cottonii Doty, 1885 (Rhodophyceae; Solieracea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Wilis Ari Setyati ◽  
Rini Pramesti ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Irwani Irwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Light Wavelength ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii ◽  
Branching Index

The problem in cultivating Eucheuma cottonii is the procurement of seeds and techniques currently developed through tissue culture. The limiting factor in this technique is the use of optimal light for the growth of the seaweed. The aims of study was to optimize the wavelength of light on the growth of E cottonii propagules. The research method is laboratory experimental with the treatment of different wavelengths of light: red light wavelength (λ = 633.8 nm), green (λ = 515.8 nm), blue (λ = 455.7 nm), combined light on the lamp LED (λ = 456.6 nm, 515.8 nm and 632.9 nm), and fluorescent light in TL lamps (λ = 407 nm, 443 nm, 557 nm and 592 nm). The results showed that the wavelength had a significant effect (p ≤0.05) on the growth of E cottonii. The best treatment for blue light with absolute, relative and specific growth values of propagule weight of 155 ± 11.910 mg, 419 ± 70.849%, and 5.860 ± 0.501% / day. The absolute, relative and specific growth values for propagule diameter were 701 ± 123.1 mm, 63 ± 12% and 1.73 ± 0.27% / day. The percentage of branching growth and the branching index were 60.85 ± 9.16% and 27.77 ± 1.23. Blue light treatment is optimal radiation in the E. cottonii tissue culture  Permasalahan dalam budidaya Eucheuma cottonii adalah pengadaan bibit dan teknik yang berkembang saat ini melalui kultur jaringan. Faktor pembatas dalam teknik ini adalah penggunaan cahaya yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi panjang gelombang cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan propagul E cottonii. Metode penelitian secara experimental laboratoris dengan perlakuan perbedaan panjang gelombang cahaya : panjang gelombang lampu cahaya merah (λ = 633,8 nm), hijau (λ = 515,8 nm), biru (λ = 455,7 nm), cahaya gabungan pada lampu LED (λ = 456,6 nm, 515,8 nm dan 632,9 nm), dan cahaya flourescent pada lampu TL (λ = 407 nm, 443 nm, 557 nm dan 592 nm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang berpengaruh signifikan (p < 0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan E cottonii. Perlakuan terbaik pada cahaya biru dengan nilai pertumbuhan mutlak, relatif dan spesifik bobot propagul sebesar 155±11,910 mg, 419 ± 70,849 %, dan 5,860 ± 0,501 %/hari. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak, relatif dan spesifik diameter propagul sebesar 701±123,1 mm, 63±12 % dan 1,73±0,27 %/hari. Persentase pertumbuhan percabangan dan indeks percabangan sebesar 60,85±9,16 % dan  27,77±1,23. Perlakuan sinar biru merupakan penyinaran optimal dalam kultur jaringan E. cottonii.

scholarly journals The effects of preharvest LED light, melatonin and AVG treatments on the quality of postharvest snapdragon and vase life

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Diying Xiang ◽  
Chi Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Liz Felter ◽  
David Clark ◽  
Heqiang Huo
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Post Harvesting

Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) is one of top ten fresh-cut flowers in the United States; however, its short vase life limits its marketability. The purposes of this study were to test the effects of LED light, exogenous melatonin and one ethylene production inhibitor, AVG, on the quality of pre-harvest snapdragon and the prolongation of vase life after post-harvesting. Our results showed that snapdragon treated with 10 h white light followed by 6 h blue light (WB) inhibited stem elongation and lengths of the inflorescences, reduced the number of florets and vase life. On the contrary, snapdragon treated with 10 h white light, 3 h red light, 3 h blue light (WRB) significantly promoted stem elongation, lengths of the inflorescences, and increased the size and number of florets. The lengths of stems and inflorescences increased significantly in all melatonin treatments while quantity and size of florets only increased with 200 µmol·L-1 melatonin application. Noticeably, vase life was significantly extended with 200 µmol·L-1 melatonin application and shortened with WB treatment. In contrast to melatonin, all AVG treatments resulted in decreases of the floret size; and changes in stem elongation and inflorescence length were only observed in the treatment with 100 µmol·L-1AVG. These results showed that pre-harvest treatment with WBR and melatonin can effectively improve the post-harvest quality of snapdragon flowers and 200 µmol·L-1 of melatonin extended their vase life.

scholarly journals Color-Specific Recovery to Extreme High-Light Stress in Plants

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Débora Parrine ◽  
Todd M. Greco ◽  
Bilal Muhammad ◽  
Bo-Sen Wu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
High Light Stress ◽  
General Response ◽  
The Impact

Plants pigments, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, absorb light within specific wavelength ranges, impacting their response to environmental light changes. Although the color-specific response of plants to natural levels of light is well described, extreme high-light stress is still being discussed as a general response, without considering the impact of wavelengths in particular response processes. In this study, we explored how the plant proteome coordinated the response and recovery to extreme light conditions (21,000 µmol m−2 s−1) under different wavelengths. Changes at the protein and mRNA levels were measured, together with the photosynthetic parameters of plants under extreme high-light conditions. The changes in abundance of four proteins involved in photoinhibition, and in the biosynthesis/assembly of PSII (PsbS, PsbH, PsbR, and Psb28) in both light treatments were measured. The blue-light treatment presented a three-fold higher non-photochemical quenching and did not change the level of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) or the photosystem II (PSII) complex components when compared to the control, but significantly increased psbS transcripts. The red-light treatment caused a higher abundance of PSII and OEC proteins but kept the level of psbS transcripts the same as the control. Interestingly, the blue light stimulated a more efficient energy dissipation mechanism when compared to the red light. In addition, extreme high-light stress mechanisms activated by blue light involve the role of OEC through increasing PsbS transcript levels. In the proteomics spatial analysis, we report disparate activation of multiple stress pathways under three differently damaged zones as the enriched function of light stress only found in the medium-damaged zone of the red LED treatment. The results indicate that the impact of extreme high-light stress on the proteomic level is wavelength-dependent.

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways Involved in Growth and Development of Mesona chinensis Benth Under Red- and Blue-Light Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danfeng Tang ◽  
Qinfen Huang ◽  
Kunhua Wei ◽  
Xiaonan Yang ◽  
Fan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Homoserine Dehydrogenase

Mesona chinensis Benth (MCB) is an important Chinese herbal medicine. The plant factories might be one of the ways to solve the shortage of MCB supply. In this study, the MCB seedlings were treated under the red (R) and blue (B) lights in the plant factory. Results showed that the red light promoted the growth and development of MCB in comparison with the blue light. Under the red-light condition, the biomass, plant height, and root characteristics were significantly higher than those under blue-light condition, while the soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) under the red-light treatment was significantly lower than that under the blue-light treatment. Red light also significantly promoted the content of soluble sugar and pectin of MCB compared with blue light. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 4,165 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected including 2,034 upregulated and 2,131 downregulated. Of these, 1,112 DEGs including 410 upregulated and 702 downregulated genes were associated with 111 pathways. Moreover, a total of 8,723 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified in R vs. B, and these TFs were distributed in 56 gene families. Metabonomic results revealed that a total of 184 metabolites and 99 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (42 upregulated and 57 downregulated) were identified in the red- and blue-light treatments. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome unveiled that a total of 24 pathways included 70 compounds (metabolites) and were associated with 28 unigenes. In particular, these pathways included starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The unigenes included asparagine synthetase (AS), thymidine kinase (TK), alpha, alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS), phosphatase IMPL1 (IMPL1), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (D4R), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase-like 6 (4CL6), bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase 1 (thrA), and abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 2 isoform X1 (ABA8). It was indicated that these pathways and genes might play important roles in the growth and development of MCB. This study laid a foundation for the future research of MCB.

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