African Economic Integration Development in Technological Transformation: Accessing the Importance of Ethical Leadership for Policy Implementation in SADC

Most African states have suffered from severe macroeconomic disequilibria, foreign debt service burdens, and over-valued currencies. The lack of ethical leadership on policy implementation has led most Africa countries to linger highly behind in terms of development. Many countries are reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity on the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the full integration of Africa in terms of trade and migration, using the Southern African sub-regional integration as a case study. This study looks at the Southern African economic integration development and the importance of having ethical leadership for policy implementation. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains. The neo-Functionalist theory was applied and findings show that there is a failure to meet set targets in the SADC plan which has established a bad precedent for the sub-regions for African development, the failure is seen as lacking ethical leadership. It recommends that there is a need for African states to improve its infrastructure, recognise the capacity of the private sector to generate wealth and induce development, with open economies to member’s states.

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Out-migration in Uttarakhand Himalaya: its types, reasons, and consequences

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v18i3.957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 281-295

Author(s):

Vishwambhar Prasad Sati

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

The State ◽

Interim Report ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

The Status ◽

And Migration ◽

Uttarakhand Himalaya

This study examines the types, reasons, and consequences of out-migration in the Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data were collected from secondary sources, mainly from an interim report on the status of migration in revenue villages of Uttarakhand, published by the ‘Rural Development and Migration Commission, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand’ in 2018. The district-wise analysis was carried out on the types of migration, reasons for migration, age-wise migration, the destination of migrants, and migration’s consequences in terms of depopulation in rural areas. Further, a case study of a village was carried out. The study reveals that in three districts – Pauri, Tehri, and Almora, more than 10% population out-migrated after 2011. Similarly, an exodus migration took place from more than 10% of villages of the same districts. This study further shows that migration is mainly internal – from the mountainous districts to urban centers, within the districts or within the state. About 734 villages are depopulated, and in 367 villages, the population has decreased by more than 50%. Unemployment is the major problem in rural areas as more than 50% of out-migration occurred for employment.

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The Polity of Regional Integration Development and the Challenges Hampering Southern Africa Economic Growth

Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies ◽

10.22610/jebs.v12i5(j).3101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5(J)) ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

Andrew Enaifoghe ◽

Sandile Blessing Mkhwanazi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Policy Implementation ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Regional Integration ◽

Good Governance ◽

Regional Security ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Member States ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Integration Schemes

This paper explored the polity of regional integration development and the challenges hampering the southern Africa economic growth. The study finds that the design and structure of the African regional development within the integration schemes is around inward-looking industrialization that is intended to facilitate economic costs of participation for member states. This often remains unevenly distributed among member states. Most countries in Africa linger highly reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity in the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the “African regional integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) sub-regional schemes to be most focused on developing whatsoever synergies that may exist to promote both socio-economic development and regional security across borders, which may hamper the policy implementation through good governance and ethical valued approach. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains, including Google scholars, Scorpius repositories.

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Trends of Regional Integration on the Post-Soviet Space: Results of Quantitative Analysis

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2010-7-94-107 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 94-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Vinokurov ◽

A. Libman

Keyword(s):

Regional Integration ◽

Market Integration ◽

Trade Integration ◽

Economic Community ◽

Small Countries ◽

Economic Interaction ◽

Leading Position ◽

Soviet Space ◽

And Migration ◽

Post Soviet Space

The paper applies a new dataset of the System of Indicators of Eurasian Integration to evaluate the changes of level and direction of economic interaction of the post-Soviet states in the last decade. It analyzes the integration dynamics in the area of trade and migration as well as on three functional markets of agricultural goods, electricity and educational services. The paper concludes that the level of trade integration on the post-Soviet space continues declining, while there is a rapid increase of the labor market integration. Three largest countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - demonstrate positive integration dynamics, but small countries maintain the leading position in the area of post-Soviet integration.

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Social Media in and Around a Temporary Large-Scale Refugee Shelter in the Netherlands

Social Media + Society ◽

10.1177/20563051211024961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 205630512110249

Author(s):

Peer Smets ◽

Younes Younes ◽

Marinka Dohmen ◽

Kees Boersma ◽

Lenie Brouwer

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Crisis Communication ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Large Scale ◽

State Policies ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

Top Down ◽

And Migration

During the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe, temporary refugee shelters arose in the Netherlands to shelter the large influx of asylum seekers. The largest shelter was located in the eastern part of the country. This shelter, where tents housed nearly 3,000 asylum seekers, was managed with a firm top-down approach. However, many residents of the shelter—mainly Syrians and Eritreans—developed horizontal relations with the local receiving society, using social media to establish contact and exchange services and goods. This case study shows how various types of crisis communication played a role and how the different worlds came together. Connectivity is discussed in relation to inclusion, based on resilient (non-)humanitarian approaches that link society with social media. Moreover, we argue that the refugee crisis can be better understood by looking through the lens of connectivity, practices, and migration infrastructure instead of focusing only on state policies.

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A case study of a conservation flagship species: the monarch butterfly

Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10531-021-02183-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie D. Preston ◽

Julia D. Liao ◽

Theodore P. Toombs ◽

Rainer Romero-Canyas ◽

Julia Speiser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Monarch Butterfly ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Flagship Species ◽

Mass Migration ◽

Tests Of Association ◽

And Migration

AbstractWhat makes a flagship species effective in engaging conservation donors? Large, charismatic mammals are typically selected as ambassadors, but a few studies suggest butterflies—and monarchs in particular—may be even more appealing. To gather more information about people’s responses to monarchs, we conducted an empirical study of member submissions to a successful conservation campaign, the Monarch Story Campaign, conducted by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). The set of 691 stories along with their associated demographic and donation data was analyzed in a mixed-methods study using qualitative analysis and tests of association. The results showed that people often described encounters with monarchs in childhood and as adults. They expressed strong, positive emotions, and lauded the monarch’s beauty and other “awe-inspiring” qualities and expressed wonder at their lifecycle (i.e., metamorphosis and migration). They also raised conservation themes of distress at monarch loss, calls for action, and caretaking, such as being “fragile” and “in need.” Sharing personal encounters was associated with current efforts to save the species and more past financial donations, while a second pattern tied more donations to awe at the monarch’s mass migration. These results imply that conservation campaigns built around species people encounter may build lifelong awareness, concern, and actions towards conservation.

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