scholarly journals THE INCOME SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE AFTER POLAND ENTERED THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada ◽  
Paulina Trębska ◽  
Radim Lenort
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Common ◽  
Full Time Employee ◽  
Research Period

The main purpose of the article was to assess Poland’s income situation in agriculture after the country acceded to the European Union. The analysis included, among others, changes in agricultural income per full-time employee and a comparison of household income of farmers and other professional groups. The sources of the materials were data from the Eurostat and CSO databases. The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The real income of the agricultural population in the analyzed period showed an upward trend but was still lower not only than the national average, but also the income of households of employees. Financial resources transferred from direct payments and structural funds under the Common Agricultural Policy had a significant impact on the improvement of the income situation of farmers.

THE PROBLEM OF ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN EUROPEAN UNION

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Runowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
On Farm

The aim of the study was to identify the problems of using different methods of measuring agricultural income and the resulting assessments. The system used by the European Union to measure farmers’ incomes is imperfect. The concept of measuring farm incomes is criticized. There are mentioned, among others no statistics on farm incomes, including both farm income and non-farm income. The Common Agricultural Policy strives to ensure an adequate standard of living for the rural population, i.e. the level of disposable income on the farm. The question is, what is the right level? This is largely determined by the level of social labor productivity attained in agriculture and the income derived from agriculture to the income generated outside of it by occupational groups attaining similar labor productivity. Only in this state makes sense to refer to the need to ensure income parity in agriculture and out of this sector.

scholarly journals Gdzie naprawdę są konfitury? Najważniejsze gospodarcze korzyści członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold M. Orłowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
The Common ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The publication takes a cross-sectional look at the consequences of Polish membership in the European Common Market (ECM). It explores the benefits gained from Poland’s membership in the European Union and estimates the economic results of participating in the ECM: the transfers (structural funds and funds linked to the common agricultural policy), the balance of benefits and costs for Poland resulting from the four single market freedoms: free movement of goods, capital, persons and freedom to establish and provide services. The volume contains reflections on the importance of European funds for the development of Poland, as well as the balance of costs and benefits of the membership for the Polish agri-food sector.

scholarly journals Convergence of the Labour Productivity in European Union Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (4) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jaroszewska ◽  
Robert Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Full Time Employee ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
The Eu

The objective of the paper is to examine the changes in the level of diversification of the labour productivity in the European Union countries in the years 1998-2015, and then to determine whether there is any convergence of the labour productivity among these countries. The labour productivity has been calculated as a relation of the gross value added at constant prices per one full-time employee. The study used the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) and the Agricultural Labour Input (ALI). The study covered the European Union countries, broken down by the countries of the „old” EU (EU-15) and the countries admitted to the EU after 2004. In order to determine the changes occurring in these countries, sigma-convergence (σ) and beta-convergence (β) have been used. The study shows that after 2011 there was a process of convergence among the EU countries in terms of the labour productivity in agriculture.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Hanna Klikocka ◽  
Aneta Zakrzewska ◽  
Piotr Chojnacki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Standard Output ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The article describes and sets the definition of different farm models under the categories of being family, small, and large-scale commercial farms. The distinction was based on the structure of the workforce and the relationship between agricultural income and the minimum wage. Family farms were dominated by the farming family providing the labour and their income per capita exceeded the net minimum wage in the country. The larger commercial farms feature a predominance of hired labour. Based on surveys, it was found that in 2016 in the EU-28 there were 10,467,000 farms (EU-13—57.3%, EU-15—42.7%). They carried out agricultural activities on an area of 173,338,000 ha (EU-13—28.5%, EU-15—71.5%). Countries of the EU-28 generated a standard output (SO) amounting to EUR 364,118,827,100 (EU-13—17.2% and EU-15—82.8%). After the delimitation, it was shown that small farming (70.8%) was the predominant form of management in the European Union (EU-13—88.2% and EU-15—79.8%) compared to family farming (18.4%) (EU-13—10.5% and EU-15—29%). In most EU countries the largest share of land resources pertains to small farms (35.6%) and family farms (38.6%) (UAA—utilised agricultural area of farms).

scholarly journals The European Union Green Deal: Clean Energy Wellbeing Opportunities and the Risk of the Jevons Paradox

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4148
Author(s):  
Estrella Trincado ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Bayón ◽  
José María Vindel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
The Common

After the Great Recession of 2008, there was a strong commitment from several international institutions and forums to improve wellbeing economics, with a switch towards satisfaction and sustainability in people–planet–profit relations. The initiative of the European Union is the Green Deal, which is similar to the UN SGD agenda for Horizon 2030. It is the common political economy plan for the Multiannual Financial Framework, 2021–2027. This project intends, at the same time, to stop climate change and to promote the people’s wellness within healthy organizations and smart cities with access to cheap and clean energy. However, there is a risk for the success of this aim: the Jevons paradox. In this paper, we make a thorough revision of the literature on the Jevons Paradox, which implies that energy efficiency leads to higher levels of consumption of energy and to a bigger hazard of climate change and environmental degradation.

scholarly journals The common energy market of the European Union – utopia or reality?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Iulia Şanta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
The Common

Abstract The European Commission has the initiative to foster the sector of renewable energy and to build an Energy Union, with a common energy market at the level of the European Union, but is this only an utopic vision or is this possible to achieve? The topic of clean energy is very new and of great interest for the European Union, which is shown by the fact that the European Commission recently adopted on the 30th November 2016 the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”, which contains proposals for the modernization of the energy market at the level of the European Union. But which are the challenges such a project is confronted with? According to the literature, such challenges are related to the process of liberalization of electricity markets. Conflicts between national interest and international actors of the energy market might occur. Due to the oligopolistic structure of the energy market, there are several barriers to the market entry. In order to answer to the research questions, case studies regarding the liberalization of the energy market will be analyzed in a comparative manner, offering an international overview. Furthermore, the legal provisions on which the common energy policy of the European Union relies, will be analyzed, as well as their economic and social impact. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” comprises a proposal of the revised Renewable energy Directive, energy efficiency measures and issues related to the Energy Union Governance. It contains as well proposals for the electricity market design, which will be analyzed and the present paper outlines the contribution of this proposal in building a common energy market of the European Union. What role does competition play in implementing the common energy market of the European Union? Which role do competition authorities have in this context? These are interesting aspects to be analyzed in the present paper.

Regional Allocation of Structural Funds in the European Union

10.1068/c21m ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gil ◽  
Pedro Pascual ◽  
Manuel Rapún
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distribution Problem ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Empirical Procedure ◽  
Real Convergence ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Nonlinear Programming Method

Economic disparities among the regions of the European Union are more pronounced than among countries. Structural Funds have played a crucial compensatory role, promoting the economic development and real convergence of lagging regions. The amount of resources destined to regional policy and the conflicts arising from its funding and distribution create the need for an adequate theoretical foundation or model to help politicians solve the distribution problem. In this paper we propose an empirical procedure to carry out and evaluate different distributions of funds for the periods 1989 – 93 and 1994 – 99. We begin with the estimation of an augmented production function to permit the calculation of the expected GDP per capita. We then propose a nonlinear programming method to simulate alternative distributions of Structural Funds among Objective 1 regions, based upon two different approaches: equal development, and equal opportunities. For these two approaches we calculate different possibilities, ranging from highly efficient to highly equitable, with the result that we are able to show the ‘frontier’ of optimal distributions. Finally, we evaluate these results and compare them with the real distribution.

The common fisheries policy of the European Union

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
The Common
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