scholarly journals Patterns of relationship between PM10 from air monitoring quality station and AOT data from MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Winai Suriya ◽  
Poramate Chunpang ◽  
Teerawong Laosuwan
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Terra Satellite ◽  
Ground Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Quality ◽  
Normal Standard

Thailand, especially in the northern region, often encounters the problem of having PM10 exceeding the normal standard level, which could do harm to people’s health. Mostly, such problem is caused by the burning of forest area and open area; this is clearly seen during January–April of every year. Also, the problem as mentioned is caused by the meteorological conditions and the terrains in the northern region that make it easy for PM10 to be accumulated. The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of relationship between PM10 measured from the ground monitoring station and AOT data received from MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite in Phrae Province located in the northern region of Thailand. The method performed was by analyzing the correlation between PM10 data obtained from the ground monitoring station and the AOT data received from the MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite during January–April 2018. It was found from the study that the change of the intensity of PM10 and AOT in the climate was highly related; it appeared that the correlation coefficient (r) in January–April was 0.92, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. This research pointed out that during February– –April, the areas of Phrae Province had the level of PM10 that affected health. Besides, from the method in this research, it revealed AOT data received from MODIS sensor onboard of Terra satellite could be applied in order to follow up, monitor, and notify the spatial changes of PM10 efficiently.

scholarly journals Inter-community variability in total particle number concentrations in the eastern Los Angeles air basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 11385-11399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hudda ◽  
K. Cheung ◽  
K. F. Moore ◽  
C. Sioutas
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Central Monitoring ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations

Abstract. Ultrafine Particles (UFP) can display sharp gradients in their number concentrations in urban environment due to their transient nature and rapid atmospheric processing. The ability of using air pollution data generated at a central monitoring station to assess exposure relies on our understanding of the spatial variability of a specific pollutant associated with a region. High spatial variation in the concentrations of air pollutants has been reported at scales of 10s of km for areas affected by primary emissions. Spatial variability in particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions needs to be investigated, as the representativeness of a monitoring station in a region is premised on the assumption of homogeneity in both of these metrics. This study was conducted at six sites, one in downtown Los Angeles and five located about 40–115 km downwind in the receptor areas of Los Angeles air basin. PNC and size distribution were measured using Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The seasonal and diurnal variations of PNC implied that PNC might vary significantly with meteorological conditions, even though the general patterns at the sites may remain generally similar across the year due to consistency of sources around them. Regionally transported particulate matter (PM) from upwind urban areas of Los Angeles lowered spatial variation by acting as a "homogenizing" factor during favorable meteorological conditions. Spatial variability also increased during hours of the day during which the effects of local sources predominate. The spatial variability associated with PNC (quantified using Coefficients of Divergence, CODs), averaged about 0.3, which was generally lower than that based on specific size ranges. Results showed an inverse relationship of COD with particles size, with fairly uniform values in the particle range which is associated with regional transport. Our results suggest that spatial variability, even in the receptor regions of Los Angeles Basin, should be assessed for both PNC and size distributions, and should be interpreted in context of seasonal and diurnal influences, and suitably factored if values for exposure are ascertained using a central monitoring station.

Design of the Wireless Monitoring Unit for Underground Rail Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 1064-1067
Author(s):  
Guang Long Xu ◽  
Jian Hua Rao ◽  
Ken Yang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Modbus Protocol ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Upper Computer ◽  
Ground Monitoring

A wireless monitoring unit is designed for underground rail vehicles (URVs) in fields of mining engineering and underground construction. The unit consists of transmitting subsystem and receiving subsystem which are connected by using radio-frequency (RF) technique. Transmitting subsystem acquires and transmits the real-time motion parameters and state of a URV. Receiving subsystem transfers the data to ground monitoring station by RS-485 bus based on Modbus protocol. The upper computer in ground monitoring station displays and stores monitoring results of the URV, which enables the staff to obtain the information of a URV in time. Test results prove that the wireless monitoring unit can work steadily.

RISK-FREE BURIAL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-960
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Ground Monitoring

In Italy, Tuscan watchmaker Fabrizio Caselli introduced a special coffin for people who fear they'll be buried prematurely. The $4,500 casket is equipped with a two-way microphone-speaker, a flashlight, a small oxygen tank, a heart stimulator, and a beeper to alert an above-ground monitoring station.

scholarly journals Contribution of the Incinerator to the Inorganic Composition of the PM10 Collected in Turin

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Conca ◽  
Mery Malandrino ◽  
Agnese Giacomino ◽  
Paolo Inaudi ◽  
Sandro Buoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Direct Contribution ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Plant Emissions

Modern incinerator plants are equipped with an efficient system for the removal of pollutants and, hence, the gas and particle emissions are generally extremely low. However, it is possible that malfunctions, together with specific meteorological conditions, temporarily cause significant emissions. In this study, the evolution of the inorganic composition of PM10 samples collected in the vicinity of the Turin incinerator before and after its commissioning was assessed. The purpose was to identify the PM sources present in the area, and to evaluate if the operation of the incinerator caused an increase of the concentration of some species. Significant differences were registered among the composition of samples collected in 2012 and 2014, as the latter year was characterized by higher concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Ca, K, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Considering the position of the incinerator and of the monitoring station, it seems that this increment was not directly caused by the plant emissions. The most probable source of these elements is the highway vehicular traffic, which might have increased due to the travelling of trucks carrying wastes to the incinerator. However, a direct contribution deriving from the incinerator emissions cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals An Automatic Method for Black Margin Elimination of Sentinel-1A Images over Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Xianwei Wang ◽  
David M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Method ◽  
Edge Extraction ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Image Center ◽  
Human Interpretation ◽  
Extraction Error ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Normal Standard

The Sentinel-1A satellite was launched in April 2014 with a primary C-Band terrain observation with progressive scans synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) onboard and has collected plenty of high-quality images for global change studies. However, low magnitude signals around image margins (black margins) does not preserve the normal standard level, influencing the potential usage with these data. Through image analysis, we find that the signal from black margin (BM) is highly dominated by the closest effective signals and the signal in BM shows an increasing trend along the direction from image boundary to image center. An edge detector is developed based on the signal characteristics of BM. Furthermore, an automatic method to discriminate and eliminate BM is designed. Images from both extra wide (EW) and interferometric wide (IW) swath observation modes, covering the land, ocean, and coast of the Antarctic, are taken to verify the robustness of our method. Through comparison with BM edges extracted by human interpretation, our method has the maximum BM edge extraction error of 1.9 ± 3.2 pixels. When considering perimeter (or area) difference along radial direction of BM edge, our method has an averaging extraction accuracy of −0.35 ± 0.11 (or 0.14 ± 1.38) pixels, which suggests that our method is effective and can be potentially used to eliminate BM for multidisciplinary applications of Sentinel-1 data.

Maritime Safety Standards and the Seriousness of Shipping Accidents

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Iglesias Baniela ◽  
Juan Vinagre Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Maritime Safety ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Homeostasis Theory ◽  
Degree Of Severity

In our paper The Risk Homeostasis Theory1, it was accepted that the behaviour of people involved in the operation of cargo carrying ships is conditioned to maximize the economic benefits of the amount of risk assumed in the transport. As a follow-up to that paper, the objective of this one is to investigate the relationship between the level of compliance of the cargo carrying vessels with international standards and the degree of severity of the incidents they are involved in. For this purpose, we analyse the same sample of 2,584 cargo carrying ships involved in incidents during 2005 and 2006 used in that investigation. The variables of the Paris MoU to identify substandard ships are used again to measure the standard level of ships and the degree of seriousness of incidents is determined by the number of days ships are under repair.

Occurrence of farmer's lung disease is relevant to meteorological conditions: A 20-year follow-up field survey analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Yoshinori Ohtsuka ◽  
Mitsuru Munakata ◽  
Yasuyuki Nasuhara ◽  
Atsuko Kamachi-Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Farmer’S Lung ◽  
Farmer's Lung

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of Brazilians aged 50 and over that received a doctor’s diagnosis of COVID-19: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Macinko ◽  
Brayan V. Seixas ◽  
Natalia Oliveira Woolley ◽  
Fabiola Bof de Andrade ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Viral Testing ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Vulnerable Adults ◽  
Lower Household Income

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over half a million deaths worldwide. Brazil has been particularly impacted, registering more than 1.3 million infections and 57,000 deaths by late June 2020. Aggregate numbers of cases are essential in modeling the epidemic and planning responses; however, more detailed analysis of risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed. Our study provides an initial examination of characteristics associated with receiving a doctor’s diagnosis of COVID-19 among a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 and over. Data are derived from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) and a telephone follow-up survey to ELSI-Brazil participants, known as the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative. The telephone survey was conducted between 26 May and 8 June 2020. Results show that about 2.4% (n = 70) of the sample reported being told by a doctor they had COVID-19, however, only about half of these individuals (n = 37) reported receiving a diagnostic confirmation from viral testing (RT-PCR). Demographic factors (aged 50-60 years), socioeconomic factors (lower household income), health-related factors (obesity, three or more chronic conditions), and geography (living in the Northern region of the country) were positively associated with reporting a COVID-19 diagnosis. Despite the descriptive and preliminary nature of these findings, results reported here suggest the need for more targeted approaches to enhance personal protection and provide greater viral testing options, especially for older, sicker and more vulnerable adults in Brazil.

scholarly journals Snow disposal in Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Oleg Primin
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
The City ◽  
Snow Mass ◽  
Deicing Agents

The main principle of the strategy of the integrated improvement the functioning of a city of the northern region and its infrastructure in winter is a systematic solution to the problem of industrial disposal of snow mass in various parts of the city road network, removal and utilization of snow. The implementation of the strategy in the capital of Russia - the city of Moscow is based on the use of the General snow disposal scheme. In connection with the meteorological conditions that have changed in recent years in Moscow, i.e. increase in the height of the snow cover and extension of the roadway paving subject to cleaning, the use of advanced technologies of snow collection and disposal, new types of deicing agents, the aim of the research was updating the General snow disposal scheme in Moscow. As a method of its implementation, we used a statistical analysis of the formation in recent years of the volume and average annual depth of the snow cover in the city of Moscow, an estimation of the heat capacity of sewers and a heating network for the utilization of snow mass. The article presents the results of the implementation of the updated General snow disposal scheme, gives suggestions for snow removal in extreme snowfalls.

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