scholarly journals Determinanty i perspektywy prowadzenia działalności rolniczej w małych gospodarstwach rolnych z pozarolniczą działalnością gospodarczą

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żmija
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to identify factors resulting from non-agricultural activities in small farms and to examine their impact on the agricultural production carried out in these farms. Understanding these processes will help the state develop a way to encourage these small farms to develop non-agricultural activities, which will provide them with an additional, and often primary, source of income. The results of the authors’ surveys conducted among farmers possessing small farms, conducting both agricultural and non-agricultural activities, are presented. The research results showed that in most cases, non-agricultural activities can allow farm resources to be used more efficiently. However, the nature of the impact of non-agricultural activities on agricultural activities depends on the type of activities, and on their level of connection with the agricultural holding.

Poland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Socialist ◽  
The Church

The chapter on Poland focuses on two questions. Why, in contrast to all other state-socialist countries, did the church’s capacity for integration actually increase rather than decrease despite persecution and discrimination during the communist period? And why has this capacity also remained more or less constant (albeit to a lesser extent) in the period since the end of communist rule? The authors have identified four key factors in the remarkable resistance of the Polish Catholic Church during the period of communist persecution: the fusion of religious and national values, the specific conflict dynamics of the church’s struggle with the state, the structural conservatism of agricultural production in Poland, and the actions of Pope John Paul II. Explanations for the surprising stability of religiosity in Poland after 1990 point to the behaviour of the Church itself, to the internal pluralization of Catholicism, and to the impact of a homogeneous religious culture.

The impact of information and communication technologies on the economic efficiency of agricultural production

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
E.G. Abdulla-Zade ◽  
◽  
R.E. Shertsel ◽  
A.I. Ivanus ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
New Production ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
The Impact

Questions and problems related to new production relations arising from the use of information and communication technologies in the technological processes of agricultural production (point farming, differentiation of information support through the reception, processing, presentation of information about the state of the soil, animals, the environment, etc.) between the object and the subject of management are investigated and analyzed. The system of collecting and wireless transmission of data on the state of the soil by means of mobile and stationary sensors with the subsequent analysis of information for making optimal management decisions in crop production is considered.

The State and Pre-Colonial Demographic History: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Madagascar

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwyn Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
The State ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the demography of nineteenth-century Madagascar in the light of the debate generated by the demographic transition theory. Both supporters and critics of the theory hold to an intrinsic opposition between human and ‘natural’ factors, such as climate, famine and disease, influencing demography. They also suppose a sharp chronological divide between the pre-colonial and colonial eras, arguing that whereas ‘natural’ demographic influences were of greater importance in the former period, human factors predominated thereafter. This paper argues that in the case of nineteenth-century Madagascar the human factor, in the form of the Merina state, was the predominant demographic influence. However, the impact of the state was felt through natural forces, and it varied over time. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Merina state policies stimulated agricultural production, which helped to create a larger and healthier population and laid the foundation for Merina military and economic expansion within Madagascar. From the 1820, the cost of such expansionism led the state to increase its exploitation of forced labour at the expense of agricultural production and thus transformed it into a negative demographic force. Infertility and infant mortality, which were probably more significant influences on overall population levels than the adult mortality rate, increased from 1820 due to disease, malnutrition and stress, all of which stemmed from state forced labour policies. Available estimates indicate little if any population growth for Madagascar between 1820 and 1895. The demographic ‘crisis’ in Africa, ascribed by critics of the demographic transition theory to the colonial era, stemmed in Madagascar from the policies of the imperial Merina regime which in this sense formed a link to the French regime of the colonial era. In sum, this paper questions the underlying assumptions governing the debate about historical demography in Africa and suggests that the demographic impact of political forces be re-evaluated in terms of their changing interaction with ‘natural’ demographic influences.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tax Administration on Revenue Generation in Gombe State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stephen N
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
The Impact

Taxes<em> have been the bedrock of revenue generation to any government. The administration of tax is very important to any government as it is the body responsible for implementing and governing the tax laws and other tax related to assessment, collection and remittance of tax. This study is aimed at ascertaining the effect of tax administration on revenue generation in Gombe state. The study uses survey research design. The primary source of data collection was adopted, which analysed using descriptive statistics was made up of frequencies and simple percentages. Cronbach's Alpha diagnose was carried out to seek for reliability of the questions contained in the questionnaire Three Hypotheses were presented in this research and were tested using Spearman’s Rank correlation, Pearson correlation and linear regression. Research findings indicated that Tax Administration in the state is not efficient and effective. The study revealed further that revenue generated in the state is low to meet its objectives due to low level of enlightenment of tax payers and incidents of tax evasion and tax avoidance. To this end, the study recommends, among others, that authorities should embark on more enlightenment campaign of citizens on the significance of paying Personal Income Tax, the quality and efficiency of tax workers should be improved so that more effective administration will be achieved and automation of the system.</em>

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY OF SEGMENTATION OF THE REGIONS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ACCORDING TO THE CONDITION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Prodanova ◽  
Yuliia Khoroshun
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Two Parameters

The article proposes a methodical approach to segmenting the regions of the national economy by the state of the agricultural sector. The assessment of the state of the agricultural sector of the regions and their segmentation was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, two parameters are set for evaluation and segmentation: the volume of agricultural production in farms of all categories and the number of employed population in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The level of each region according to the selected parameters (high or low) was determined relative to their average value. As a result, four groups of regions were obtained: with significant volumes of agricultural production and with a significant number of employees; with insignificant volumes of production and with a significant number of employees; with significant production volumes and a small number of employees; with insignificant volumes of production and with insignificant number of employees. In the second stage, evaluation and segmentation were conducted to determine the specialization of the agricultural sector of the regions (livestock, crop production). Grouping by relevant specialization is carried out according to the following parameters: the number of enterprises engaged in agricultural activities; the number of employees in enterprises engaged in agricultural activities; agricultural products per capita; sown areas of crops; gross harvest of cereals and legumes; gross harvest of sunflower, potatoes, vegetables, fruit and berry crops; raising farm animals; production of meat, milk, eggs and wool. The ratings of the regions of the national economy were determined for each of the indicators selected for analysis, and then the arithmetic mean of these ratings was calculated. According to the results of the analysis of the calculated average values of regional ratings for indicators that separately characterize the development of crop production and livestock development, Vinnytsia, Poltava, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Khmelnytsky regions are almost equally focused on both crop and livestock production - they occupy almost identical positions in two different ratings; the agricultural sector of such regions as Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Kirovohrad, Chernihiv and Mykolayiv specializes in crop production; the agricultural sector of Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, and Volyn oblasts is mostly focused on animal husbandry.

scholarly journals The Impact of Crop Diversification on the Economic Efficiency of Small Farms in Poland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska ◽  
Agnieszka Strzelecka ◽  
Danuta Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Impact

Crop diversification finds an important place in the strategy of dealing with risk and uncertainty related to climate change. It helps to increase the resilience of farmers, significantly improving their income stability, but at the same time, it can lower the economic efficiency of small farms. The aim of the article is to identify the determinants of crop diversification and the impact of crop diversification on the economic efficiency of small farms in Poland. This article first provides a critical review of the literature on crop diversification, its role in stabilizing agricultural income and its impact on economic efficiency in small farms. Secondly, the level of crop diversification was determined and empirical research was conducted considering the economic, social and agronomic characteristics of farms. Thirdly, the economic efficiency of farms diversifying crops was compared with farms focused on one type of production. The research material consisted of small farms participating in the Polish system of collecting and using farm accountancy data (FADN) in 2018. The level of diversification was determined using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The factors influencing crop diversification were identified using the logit regression model. The Mann–Whitney U rank sum test was used to assess the significance of the differences in distributions. The research results indicate an average level of crop diversification in small farms in Poland and its regional differentiation. In addition, a statistically significant positive impact on the probability of crop diversification in small farms in Poland was found of variables such as the level of exposure of agricultural production to atmospheric and agricultural drought and the location of the farm in the frost hardiness zone and a statistically significant negative impact of the variable: value of fixed assets. The existence of significant differences in the level of economic efficiency of farms diversifying crops and farms focused on one profile of agricultural production was proved. The study is an important voice in the discussion on increasing measures to strengthen support for small farms that diversify crops so as to ensure their greater stability and economic efficiency.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM ON THE STATE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (163) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
M. Vorozhbiian ◽  
M. Ivashchenko ◽  
O. Skrypnyk ◽  
P. Bilym
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
The Impact

Injuries to workers at work in Ukraine are a very serious problem. The decision of this question is possible at the analysis of the reasons of trauma, and on this basis to offer measures for reduction of risk of dangers. The agricultural sector of the economy has a number of features and problems in the organization of labor protection on its safety and in the period of reform the situation in this direction may deteriorate. The reforms carried out in Ukraine, namely decentralization, administrative-territorial organization and land, affect primarily in the suburban and rural areas the agricultural sector of the economy, including the interaction of government agencies with farms on labor protection. Therefore, it is important to develop measures to improve the work of the labor protection management system at the enterprises of the industry during the reform period to prevent the deterioration of this situation, primarily as a result of administrative-territorial reform. The paper presents statistical data on injuries at work in Ukraine for 2018-2020 and emphasizes the state of labor protection in the agricultural sector. The analysis shows that injuries in agricultural production are directly related to the organization of labor protection and, above all, the most persistent trend in accidents in small businesses. The decrease in the number of occupational diseases against the background of unfavorable working conditions is associated with difficulties in accounting and control over workers in agriculture, including due to changes in ownership, deterioration of medical and occupational care services for the rural population. A large proportion of agricultural workers are hidden due to the lack of formal employment, which reduces the possibility of accounting and medical supervision of employed workers. Modern health care reform has also had a negative impact on health surveillance and the detection of occupational diseases. The impact on the state of labor protection in settlements and rural areas during decentralization and administrative-territorial reform is considered. Changing the administrative-territorial division involves the redistribution of powers between districts and local governments. Earlier, the territory of Ukraine was divided into 490 districts, the reform provides for 136 districts. It is pointed out that it is necessary to address these issues within the framework of state policy, including taking into account administrative and territorial reform, namely not only in state district administrations, but also in community associations there should be labor protection specialists who can , but also to provide real assistance in organizational matters, as well as in identifying risks in production processes and help prevent their implementation, especially for small farms, including farms. This requires the effectiveness of the control and supervisory bodies for labor protection, which can affect the reduction of injuries, primarily for organizational reasons, and this is almost 70% of all injuries.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AS THE BASIS OF FOOD SECURITY IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Б.Б. Доскалиева ◽  
А.С. Байдалинова ◽  
B. Doskalieva ◽  
A. Baidalinova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Impact

В современных условиях развитие агропромышленного комплекса, включающего материальные, финансовые и трудовые ресурсы, является крайне важным для продовольственной безопасности государства. Агропромышленный комплекс Республики Казахстан, в который входит сельское хозяйство и переработка продуктов питания, является основным поставщиком продовольствия населению страны и от его успешной деятельности напрямую зависит состояние продовольственной безопасности Казахстана. Целью исследования данной статьи является раскрытие роли, значения АПК для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Казахстана, выявление зависимости производства продуктов питания от различных факторов, на основе использования методов математического моделирования – корреляционно-регрессионного анализа. Объектом исследования в данной статье выступает АПК Казахстана. В статье рассмотрено влияние на объем выпуска продукции сельского хозяйства следующих факторов: субсидии, инвестиции в основной капитал, объем кредитования, уровень активности в области инновации, уровня занятости в сельском хозяйстве. Выявлено, что наибольшее влияние на объем выпуска продукции сельского хозяйства оказывает государственная поддержка АПК в форме финансового инструмента - субсидирования и инвестиций в основной капитал сельского хозяйства. Показано, что наметилась отрицательная тенденция в развитии сельского хозяйства и АПК Казахстана, как отток трудовых ресурсов из отрасли из-за низкой заработной платы. Авторы пришли к выводу, что пока в АПК Казахстана не будет обеспечен достаточный приток инвестиций с целью реализации масштабной модернизации и реконструкции сельскохозяйственного производства, техническое и технологическое отставание будет сохранено в промышленности, следовательно, проблема повышения конкурентоспособности данной отрасли будет особенно реальной. В результате авторы предлагают в дальнейшем в качестве совершенствования государственной политики в сфере развития АПК осуществлять меры активной государственной поддержки АПК, не нарушающих правила ВТО, разработать программы адресной продовольственной помощи социально-незащищенных слоев населения. In modern conditions, the development of the agro-industrial complex, including material, financial and labor resources, is extremely important for the food security of the state. The agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which includes agriculture and food processing, is the main supplier of food to the population of the country and the state of food security of Kazakhstan directly depends on its successful activity. The purpose of this article is to disclose the role, significance of the agro-industrial complex for ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, identifying the dependence of food production on various factors, based on the use of mathematical modeling methods – correlation and regression analysis. The object of research in this article is the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The article examines the impact on the volume of agricultural output of the following factors: subsidies, investments in fixed assets, the volume of lending, the level of activity in the field of innovation, the level of employment in agriculture. It was revealed that the state support of the agro-industrial complex in the form of a financial instrument – subsidies and investments in fixed assets of agriculture – has the greatest impact on the volume of agricultural production. It is shown that there has been a negative trend in the development of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan, as an outflow of labor resources from the industry due to low salary. The authors came to the conclusion that until a sufficient inflow of investments is ensured in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan in order to implement large-scale modernization and reconstruction of agricultural production, the technical and technological lag will remain in the industry, therefore, the problem of increasing the competitiveness of this industry will be especially real. As a result, the authors propose, in the future, to improve the state policy in the field of agro-industrial complex development, to implement measures of active state support for the agro-industrial complex that do not violate the WTO (World Trade Organization) rules, to develop programs for targeted food assistance to socially unprotected segments of the population.

scholarly journals Conținutul elementelor biogene în apele râului Bâc în primăvară anului 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Borodin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
The State ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Mineral Phosphorus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the research results on the content and spatial dynamics of biogenic elements (ammonium ions, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, mineral phosphorous) in the water of the Bâc river. The aim of the research was to determine the water quality of the Bâc river, in order to highlight the extent of the impact of anthropic factors on the river and to reveal the impact of the Bâc river on the state of the Dniester river. The water of the Bâc river, downstream of Calarasi, Straseni and Chisinau, is highly polluted with ammonium, nitrites, mineral phosphorus, which corresponded to the IV-V class of water quality - polluted and heavily polluted. The results of the research confirm the high degree of pollution with biogenic elements causing the changes of water quality in the Dniester river.

scholarly journals Legal protection of natural resources from the negative impact of agricultural activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Viktor Mushenok
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the existing mechanisms of legal regulation of the impact of agricultural activities on the environment, as well as the preservation of natural resources necessary to ensure quantitative and qualitative employment in crop production and animal husbandry in agriculture. The position that the quality and level of development of agricultural production directly depends on the state of natural resources is confirmed. The generalization is made that the development of special legal regulation of greening of the norms of the domestic agrarian legislation at obvious strengthening of influence on environment of negative influence of processes of agricultural production does not lose urgency. The following proposals for improving certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» are provided. Legislative consolidation of measures is proposed: reduction of negative impact on the environment of the results of intensification of processes in agriculture; technological development of agricultural production in the field of crop production through the introduction of technologies for biologization (greening) of agriculture and ensuring the production of organic agricultural products; increasing the productivity of arable land and obtaining high and stable yields of the crop industry, provided that sufficient doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, etc. Defined as a prospect for further research – the study and borrowing from domestic legislation of best practices of legal regulation of agricultural relations in the European Union.

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