scholarly journals Concentration of antioxidant compounds and lipid peroxidation in the liver and white muscle of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) in the Adriatic sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Ognjanovic ◽  
Natasa Djordjevic ◽  
Branka Perendija ◽  
Svetlana Despotovic ◽  
R.V. Zikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Vit C

Specimens of a marine freshwater fish - hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) - were collected at the localities of Platamuni and Valdanos (Montenegro, South Adriatic) in the spring of 2003. Our results showed higher concentrations of LPO, Vit C, and Vit E in the liver in comparison with white muscle. The concentration of LPOin both tissues was higher, while that of Vit E was lower at Valdanos compared to Platamuni. These differences in parameters of oxidative stress are partly due to differences in temperature and the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates, and detergents in the waters of Valdanos compared to Platamuni.

scholarly journals Integrated response of antioxidant biomarkers in the liver and white muscle of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) females from the Adriatic sea with respect to environmental influences

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjan Pavlovic ◽  
Slavica Borkovic-Mitic ◽  
Tijana Radovanovic ◽  
Branka Gavrilovic ◽  
Svetlana Despotovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Integrated Response ◽  
European Hake

We investigated the integrated response of antioxidant defense enzymes (total superoxide dismutase (TotSOD), manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and phase II biotransformation enzyme, glutathione- S-transferase (GST)) in the liver and white muscle of females of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) from the Adriatic Sea (Montenegro) in winter and spring. The activity of GSH-Px in the liver was significantly increased, while GST activity was decreased in spring compared to the winter. In white muscle, the activities of TotSOD and CuZnSOD were increased, while the activities of MnSOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST were decreased in spring when compared to the matching values in winter. The activities of TotSOD and CuZnSOD in winter were markedly lower in the muscle than in the liver, while the activity of MnSOD in the muscle was higher when compared to the liver. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed clear separation of the investigated antioxidant biomarkers between tissues and seasons, while the integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed that the most intensive antioxidant biomarker response was in the liver in spring. Star plots of IBR showed a dominant contribution of glutathione-dependent biomarkers (GSH-Px, GR and GST) and CAT in both tissues and seasons with respect to SOD isoenzymes. All enzyme activities (except MnSOD) were greater in the liver in comparison to the white muscle. Our results show that the liver possesses a greater capacity to establish and maintain homeostasis under changing environmental conditions in winter and spring. At the same time, seasonal effects are more pronounced in muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Activity of oxidative stress biomarkers in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) from the Adriatic sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Z. Pavlovic ◽  
Slavica Borkovic-Mitic ◽  
Tijana Radovanovic ◽  
Branka Perendija ◽  
Svetlana Despotovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Red Mullet ◽  
Mullus Barbatus ◽  
Total Superoxide Dismutase

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers (total superoxide dismutase - Tot SOD; and copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase - CuZn SOD; manganese-containing superoxide dismutase - Mn SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase - GSH-Px; and glutathione reductase - GR), as well as the biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in the white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) at Platamuni (PL) and Valdanos (VAL) in the Adriatic Sea during the winter and spring seasons. The obtained results show both site and seasonal influences on the investigated parameters, with lower enzyme activities at VAL than at PL and in spring than in winter.

scholarly journals Effect of chronic cadmium exposure on antioxidant defense system in some tissues of rats: protective effect of selenium

2008 ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
BI Ognjanović ◽  
SD Marković ◽  
SZ Pavlović ◽  
RV Žikić ◽  
AŠ Štajn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cd Exposure ◽  
Vit C

The effects of selenium (Se) on antioxidant defense system in liver and kidneys of rats with cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity were examined. Cd exposure (15 mg Cd/kg b.m./day as CdCl2 for 4 weeks) resulted in increased lipid peroxidation (LP) in both organs (p<0.005 and p<0.01). Vitamin C (Vit C) was decreased in the liver (p<0.005), whereas vitamin E (Vit E) was increased in the liver and kidneys (p<0.005 and p<0.05) of Cd-exposed animals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were decreased in both tissues (p<0.05 and p<0.005), whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased only in liver (p<0.005). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased in both tissues (p<0.005 and p<0.01). Treatment with Se (0.5 mg Se/kg b.m./day as Na2SeO3 for 4 weeks) significantly increased liver and kidneys SOD and GSH-Px activities (p<0.05 to p<0.005), as well as CAT and GST activities only in the liver (p<0.01). In animals exposed to Se, both the concentrations of Vit C (p<0.01) and Vit E (p<0.005) were increased in both tissues. Co-treatment with Se resulted in reversal of oxidative stress with significant decline in analyzed tissues Cd burden. Our results show that Se may ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative stress by decreasing LP and altering antioxidant defense system in rat liver and kidneys and that Se demonstrates the protective effect from cadmium-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in The Hippocampus During Experimental Seizures Can Be Ameliorated With The Antioxidant Ascorbic Acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítala Mônica Sales Santos ◽  
Adriana da Rocha Tomé ◽  
Gláucio Barros Saldanha ◽  
Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira ◽  
Gardenia Carmem Gadelha Militão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Adult Rats

Ascorbic acid has many nonenzymatic actions and is a powerful water-soluble antioxidant. It protects low density lipoproteins from oxidation and reduces harmful oxidants in the central nervous system. Pilocarpine-induced seizures have been suggested to be mediated by increases in oxidative stress. Current studies have suggested that antioxidant compounds may afford some level of neuroprotection against the neurotoxicity of seizures. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid (AA) in rats, against the observed oxidative stress during seizures induced by pilocarpine. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.p., control group), ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg, i.p., AA group), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., pilocarpine group), and the association of ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg, i.p.) plus pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before of administration of ascorbic acid (AA plus pilocarpine group). After the treatments all groups were observed for 6 h. The enzyme activities as well as the lipid peroxidation and nitrite concentrations were measured using spectrophotometric methods and the results compared to values obtained from saline and pilocarpine-treated animals. Protective effects of ascorbic acid were also evaluated on the same parameters. In pilocarpine group there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and nitrite level. However, no alteration was observed in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Antioxidant treatment significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation level and nitrite content as well as increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in hippocampus of adult rats after seizures induced by pilocarpine. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that oxidative stress in hippocampus occurs during seizures induced by pilocarpine, proving that brain damage induced by the oxidative process plays a crucial role in seizures pathogenic consequences, and also imply that a strong protective effect could be achieved using ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Histological and biochemical effects of exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles in livers of two freshwater fish species: Carassius auratus and Danio rerio

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
M.S. Diniz ◽  
A.P. Alves de Matos ◽  
J. Lourenço ◽  
L. Castro ◽  
I. Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Freshwater Fish Species

Nanoparticles (NPs), particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm, are used in many industrial applications and to produce new types of materials with unique physicochemical properties. The aquatic environment is commonly the ultimate recipient for NPs and there is uncertainty of exposure as understanding and data regarding the potential detrimental effects of NPs on aquatic biota are missing. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was chosen for its potential use in technology and diverse industrial applications. The objective of this work is to evaluate the toxicity of TiO2 NPs on total liver glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation and tissue structure of the livers of two freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio).Stock suspensions of TiO2 NPs, with an average size of 21 nm, were prepared using distilled water and then ultrasonicated (10 min, 35 KHz). The suspensions were added to 10L of tap water in exposure tanks, to obtain nominal concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 1, 10; 100 TiO2 mg/L). The test fish, C. auratus (N=144) and D. rerio (N=80), were randomly distributed by 6 exposure tanks and an additional tank with clean tap water was used as control. Fish were sampled after 7, 14, and 21 days. Six fish from both species were left for depuration in clean tap water during 14 days and then sacrificed. Immediately after sampling the fish were processed for enzymatic determination and histopathology. The GST activity was determined by following the procedure described by Habig et al. and lipid peroxidation was measured based on the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Species method. The tissues were processed essentially according to Martoja and Martoja for light microscopy (LM). For transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the samples were fixed sequentially in glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Epon-Araldite according to standard procedures. The histological and ultra-structural observations were carried out using a Leica microscope (Leica-ATC 2000) and a JEOL 100-SX electron microscope respectively.The results showed increased activities of the GST in livers with increasing TiO2 NP concentrations after 7 days of exposure, however after 14 days a trend to decrease was observed for both species. The GST results suggest that the increase of activity of these detoxification enzymes can be a response to oxidative stress caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species by the NP. On the other hand, size, chemical composition, surface area, shape, solubility and aggregation may also contribute for NPs toxicity. The results from lipid peroxidation showed an increase according to tested concentrations suggesting that TiO2 NPs is able to cause cell damage and is in agreement with biochemical and histological findings. After 14 days of depuration, GST and lipid peroxidation levels were not significant different from controls suggesting that cells are able to recover in a certain degree. The results from LM (Fig. 1) showed that exposure to TiO2 NPs affected liver structure, with more pronounced changes detected in livers from fish exposed to higher concentrations. Observed changes include tissue degeneration, inflammation and pyknosis among others. The TEM analysis revealed also severe changes in liver cells compatible with oxidative stress. Hepatocytes of treated fish showed glycogen depletion, swollen mitochondria and increased lysosomes, compared to controls. After depuration, some cells recovered nearly normal morphology, but retained the lysosomes, while others underwent necrotic changes (Fig. 2). Differences among the two species studied were of a quantitative nature, and more pronounced in Danio rerio.The results suggest that potential risk to fish health exist related to the TiO2 NPs release to the aquatic environment and may cause deleterious effects in aquatic organisms. It is evident that the effects of TiO2 NPs on environment is a matter of great concern and the precise mechanisms of toxicity of this and other types of NPs must be clarified.The authors acknowledge the funding by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through grant PTDC/CTM/099446/2008 and through project no. PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011 granted to Requimte.

Changes in lipid peroxidation during pregnancy and after delivery in rats: effect of pinealectomy

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Sainz ◽  
RJ Reiter ◽  
JC Mayo ◽  
J Cabrera ◽  
DX Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
Pregnant Rats

Pregnancy is a physiological state accompanied by a high energy demand of many bodily functions and an increased oxygen requirement. Because of the increased intake and utilization of oxygen, increased levels of oxidative stress would be expected. In the present study, the degree of lipid peroxidation was examined in different tissues from non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Melatonin and other indole metabolites are known to be direct free radical scavengers and indirect antioxidants. Thus the effect of pinealectomy at 1 month before pregnancy on the accumulation of lipid damage was investigated in non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal concentrations were measured in the lung, uterus, liver, brain, kidney, thymus and spleen from intact and pinealectomized pregnant rats soon after birth of their young and at 14 and 21 days after delivery. The same parameters were also evaluated in intact and pinealectomized non-pregnant rats. Shortly after delivery, lipid oxidative damage was increased in lung, uterus, brain, kidney and thymus of the mothers. No differences were detected in liver and spleen. Pinealectomy enhanced this effect in the uterus and lung. It is concluded that during pregnancy high levels of oxidative stress induce an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, which in some cases is inhibited by the antioxidative actions of pineal indoles.

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kurhalyuk ◽  
H. Tkachenko ◽  
K. Pałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Reactive Substance ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.

Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin Isik ◽  
Ozlem Derinbay Ekici ◽  
Ceylan Ilhan ◽  
Devran Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Heart Damage

 Background: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was ad­ministered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status mark­ers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured. Buparvaquone caused statistically significantly (P < 0.05) increases in the troponin I and blood urea nitrogen levels and fluctuations in alkaline phosphatase activity, but there was no any statistically significance difference determined in the other parameters.Discussion: In this study, buparvaquone was administered two times at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) at 3-day intervals. Al­though the result was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), it was determined that buparvaquone gradually increased the levels of the main oxidative stress marker, MDA, by approximately 2.8 fold. CAT and GPX levels were also found to have decreased by 2.2 fold. Buparvaquone may cause lipid peroxidation by producing free radicals. Some other antiprotozoal drugs may affect the oxidative status and may increase MDA level and decrease SOD level. In this study, MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was used to partially detect developing lipid peroxidation. Changes in the levels of reduced GPX and CAT enzymes could be attributed to their use in mediating the hydrogen peroxide detoxification mechanisms. The absence of significant changes in the TAS levels in this study suggests that buparvaquone may partially induce oxidative stress by producing hydrogen peroxide, but no significant changes occurred in the oxidative stress level because of the high antioxidant capacity of sheep. In this study, buparvaquone caused a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of Tn-I, which is a marker of specific cardiac damage (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically (P > 0.05) significant increase in CK-MBmass. Tn-I and CK-MB levels, which are used to define heart damage in humans, have been successfully used to determine heart damage in sheep. In this research study, the statistically significant increases in Tn-I but not CK-MBmass levels could be considered indicative of mild cardiac damage.Keywords: ram, buparvaquone, safety.

scholarly journals Comparison of coenzyme Q10 or fish oil for prevention of intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in neonatal rat lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D’Agrosa ◽  
Charles L. Cai ◽  
Faisal Siddiqui ◽  
Karen Deslouches ◽  
Stephen Wadowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Systems

Abstract Background Neonatal intermittent hypoxia (IH) results in oxidative distress in preterm infants with immature antioxidant systems, contributing to lung injury. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and fish oil protect against oxidative injury. We tested the hypothesis that CoQ10 is more effective than fish oil for prevention of IH-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. Methods Newborn rats were exposed to two clinically relevant IH paradigms at birth (P0): (1) 50% O2 with brief hypoxia (12% O2); or (2) room air (RA) with brief hypoxia (12% O2), until P14 during which they were supplemented with daily oral CoQ10, fish oil, or olive oil from P0 to P14. Pups were studied at P14 or placed in RA until P21 with no further treatment. Lungs were assessed for histopathology and morphometry; biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation; and antioxidants. Results Of the two neonatal IH paradigms 21%/12% O2 IH resulted in the most severe outcomes, evidenced by histopathology and morphometry. CoQ10 was effective for preserving lung architecture and reduction of IH-induced oxidative stress biomarkers. In contrast, fish oil resulted in significant adverse outcomes including oversimplified alveoli, hemorrhage, reduced secondary crest formation and thickened septae. This was associated with elevated oxidants and antioxidants activities. Conclusions Data suggest that higher FiO2 may be needed between IH episodes to curtail the damaging effects of IH, and to provide the lungs with necessary respite. The negative outcomes with fish oil supplementation suggest oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation.

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