scholarly journals Current situation and perspective of cattle breeding in Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 581-590
Author(s):  
B. Palasevski ◽  
Z. Naletoski ◽  
N. Mateva
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Other Hand

Lack of food, especially lack of protein in this millennium will be main problem in many countries, especially developing ones. Satisfying of the needs of the human population in nutrition products will be global problem. On the other hand, world trends are directed towards providing not only sufficient quantities of food but also that food is adequate and satisfactory in regard to the quality. Genetic progress offers solutions for satisfaction of needs by use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), but on the other hand, consumers and consumer organizations are against their use. Macedonia, in spite of its potential for development of agriculture in general, including livestock production, is considered as country which can not satisfy its own needs and has to import food in order to cover the needs of the population.. Livestock production in developed livestock breeding countries participates in general agriculture with high share. In Austria, livestock production participates in total agriculture with 67%. In Switzerland cattle breeding participates in total production with 53% (33% in milk production and 20% in meat production). In the Netherlands cattle breeding participates in livestock production with 68%, in Germany with 64%, whereas in total agriculture with 44%. In Finland cattle production participates in livestock production with 63%. In Republic of Macedonia, cattle breeding in livestock production participates with 24,5%, and livestock production in total agriculture with 35,3%. Characteristics of Macedonian livestock production are small farms with 2 to 3 cows per farm (75% of total number of farms) and small land property (80% of farms with 1 to 3 ha).

Effect of age at first joining on lifetime production by Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Cannon ◽  
JC Bath
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Age

Three hundred and fifty Border Leicester X Merino ewes, born March-April 1961, were drafted to two flocks, A and B. Flock A only was joined with rams on February 14, 1962. Subsequently both flocks were joined in November or December each year from 1962 to 1965. The flocks were depastured together on all occasions except for joining and lambing of flock A in 1962. There were negligible differences, between the flocks, in ewe deaths, wool cut, lambs born and reared, lamb birth weight and lamb carcase weight for the mean for the four years or in each of the years 1963 to 1966. Meat production in flock A was increased by 12 kg per ewe as a result of the extra lambing. On the other hand, 3 per cent of the ewes of flock A died in 1962 but no deaths occurred in flock B. Joining when 10-11 months old in early autumn did not disrupt the practice of joining when 20-21 months old in early summer, and, in the experiment, was the most profitable procedure.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic trends for weights of major beef and dual-purpose cattle breeds in Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-191
Author(s):  
Ján Tomka ◽  
Ján Huba ◽  
Milan Kumičík
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Further Development

Genetic evaluation of beef cattle in Slovakia started in first years of this century. After the first decade of running the routine evaluations it is important to review the progress made and to discuss the further development. The aim of this paper was to compile and deliver genetic and phenotypic trends in order to review importance of evaluated traits with respect to four major beef (Charolais, Limousine) and dual-purpose breeds (Slovak Pinzgau cattle, Slovak Spotted cattle). The study showed different progress made across the breeds. Higher genetic progress was observed in Charolais purebreds compared to Limousine counterparts. Moreover, almost similar progress to that in Charolais was observed in dual-purpose Slovak Pinzgau cattle. On the other hand no progress was observed in Slovak Spotted purebreds. Results also showed higher progress in bulls compared to cows. Phenotypic trends showed reserves for improvement in Charolais and closing to breed standards in Limousine. In dualpurpose breeds improvement was shown only in Slovak Pinzgau, while no improvement or decrease in actual weights was shown in Slovak Spotted purebreds.

scholarly journals Cattle production: Current situation and future directions of development in Republic of Serbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aleksic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
Lj. Sretenovic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
D. Tomasevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Simmental Cattle

Number of heads of cattle in the last 11 years is constantly decreasing. In this period, number of cattle is reduced by 18%. Number of cows and pregnant heifers reduced by 14%. Data indicate that at the end of 2006 1,096.000 heads of cattle were registered. It should be pointed out that number of cows and pregnant heifers of 710.000 heads at the end of 2006 which are included in reproduction represent the future of Serbian cattle production in future. Dominant breeds are Domestic Spotted and Simmental cattle, participating by about 70% in total number, then crossbreds of Domestic Spotted and Simmental and Busha cattle participating with about 25%, and about 5% goes to Black and Red-White cattle of European White-Black and Holstein races. Production of cow's milk is in slight constant increase. This can be explained by increased production of milk per cow. Genetic progress in milk traits was achieved by utilization of progeny tested bulls on milk and increased scope of artificial insemination of cows and heifers. Production of meat is in constant decrease which is consequence of reduction of total number of cattle as well as insufficient number of slaughterhouses with EU certificate. Of total quantity of produced meat, in Central Serbia 69.000 t and in Vojvodina 21.000 t of meat is produced. Starting from the current situation in cattle production, and on basis of previous practice, domestic and international, and development of cattle breeding, fast and efficient transformation of cattle production is necessary, enlargement of agricultural farms and forming of specialized farmers for production of meat and milk. Systems of certification and registration which would increase the product value should be introduced on specialized farms. Milk produced in this way can have added value on the market through special dairy products (hard cheeses, semi hard cheeses, white-soft cheeses and milk beverages). Agricultural households/farms specializing in meat production have objective - production of beef for domestic needs and export. Future of export of Serbian meat is first of all in production of beef of high quality which complies with demands of specific markets (Italy, Greece, etc.).

Social Systems of Africa

Africa ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Thurnwald
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
North African ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe camel-herding peoples described in our last article differ considerably from the cattle-breeding tribes now to be discussed. Not only do the pastoralists mentioned in Section V accord to the camel the leading position as their standard of value, the ass, sheep, and goat being only of secondary importance, but they are also different in race. Like all herdsmen they have a strong pride of ancestry, which has led to internal gradations of rank, crossed by considerations of wealth. The North African Berber tribes are, however, Mohammedans, and therefore the whole structure of their civilization is different from that of the mainly ‘heathen’ cattle-breeders to be considered below. Their great natural gifts and their connexion with Islam set them apart from most of the remaining inhabitants of Africa ; on the other hand conditions of existence in desert and steppe, combined with specialization in pastoral life, have prevented their uniting to form large states or similar organizations.

scholarly journals Research of produstion volume and market turnover of honey from 2004. to 2014.

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Ivanovic ◽  
Milan Baltic ◽  
Dalibor Jelic ◽  
Jelena Janjic ◽  
Marija Boskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Price Growth ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Great Development ◽  
Honey Yield

The objective of this work was to investigate the scope of production, export and import of honey in the Republic of Serbia from 2004. to 2014. The results are based on the report of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The observed period is characterized primarily by the increase in the number of beehives as well as an incresed honey production, followed by honey price growth and minor changes honey yield per hive. In this period, honey production ranged from 2,561 tons (in 2008) to 8,554 tons (in 2013). The largest volume of honey exports was in 2013. (3,367.7 tons, worth 14,881.4 thousand USD), and the largest import of honey into Serbia was in the same year (60.6 tons, worth 240.3 thousand USD). In the monitored period, Germany imported the largest quantities of honey from Serbia, about 4,611.0 tons (worth about 19,546.9 thousand USD), and somewhat smaller amounts of honey were imported by Italy and Montenegro. On the other hand, in the same period, Serbia imported the largest quantities of honey from the Republic of Macedonia, about 40.6 tons, worth 119.5 thousand USD. Beekeeping in Serbia definitely has a great development potential, so accordingly, its production should be encouraged in the future.

scholarly journals Economic indicators of goat breeding on family holdings in the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297-1308
Author(s):  
Zorica Sredojević ◽  
Tamara Vujić ◽  
Miroslav Jevremović
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

Goat milk and meat production in the world, Europe and the EU -Goat milk production in the world, from over one billion head of goats, amounts to about 18.6 million tons, of which 15.14% in Europe (2.8 million tons). There are over 15 million dairy goats in the EU. In the total production of goat milk in the EU in the amount of 2.2 million tons, the largest share belongs to Greece (26.16%), followed by France (27.45%), followed by Spain (22.85%) and the Netherlands (11.47%), and the other members together have a share of 12.07% (Table 1).

I mercati internazionali dell'energia

2009 ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Susanna Dorigoni ◽  
Federica Pontoni
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Market ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
New Production ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Oil Sector

- The paper analyzes recent market trends in the oil and natural gas sector. For the latter, a focus on the European gas market is then presented, whose consumption has grown considerably in these last ten years. As for the oil sector this paper investigates the key elements that have shaped its market in these years. As for oil consumption, we show that in these last 15 years China, India and the Middle East are the main responsible for the increase in World consumption. On the other hand, European OECD Countries have consistently reduced (almost 9%) their oil demand. This is due both to the dematerialization of their economy and their significant improvements in energy efficiency. As for energy intensity, in fact, Europe by far is the most efficient region in the World. On the other hand, OPEC has drastically raised its share of total production: at present the cartel accounts for more than 40% of overall production. OPEC members were the only producers to meet World's needs as oil demand expanded. The difficulties of other producers to keep up with the demand originated in the nineties, when no investment in new production capacity was brought about due to low oil prices. In the end of 2008, anyway, recession has eased the situation: for the first time in fifteen years, demand has not grown, compared to 2007 consumption. Recession has also shrunk prices, which, as soon as the demand started decreasing, have collapsed by almost 70%. As for the gas sector, the paper focuses on the European market where, after ten years from the beginning of the liberalization process, competition is still missing. In particular, the paper discusses whether LNG can bring about the competition so desperately needed. Unlike investments in pipelines, those in the LNG chain present a much lower degree of specificity, since the importer is not physically tied with the producer; moreover, it is getting increasingly common that part of the plant capacity is made available for spot transactions. It is also worth mentioning that for the time being LNG seems to represent the sole possibility for new competitors to enter the market according to the lack of capacity on international import pipelines. Long term import take or pay contracts held by gas incumbents play a pre-emption activity on transit pipelines and access can not be granted to third parties. Moreover, LNG could enable traditional European importers to widen their gas suppliers' portfolio, also considering that some producing countries (i.e. stranded gas) can be reached only via sea. Increased possibilities of choice for importers, the widening of the group of exporting countries, and the increased integration of the European market, thanks to the possibility of redirecting cargoes depending on single countries' supply-demand balance, would contribute decisively to security of supply, market globalization and competition in the industry. The paper presents also a cost plus comparison among different LNG supplies and those from new Russian fields, demonstrating that LNG will be even more convenient than those supplies coming from Eastern Siberia. Finally, it is important to highlight that the lack in new liquefaction capacity could undermine the growth of a florid LNG market.Key words: Oil and gas sector, liberalization, LNG.JEL classifications: Q40, Q41, Q43, Q48.Parole chiave: Mercato del petrolio e del gas, liberalizzazione e GNL.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURE ON THE EVE OF THE FORMATION OF OLD RUS’

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Culture Bearers ◽  
Potential Resource

The article is a definite result of the study of agriculture of archeological cultures of the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD in the south of Eastern Europe, which became the basis for the formation of Old Rus’ material culture. The object of the study are archeological cultures, which were the basis and / or the place for the emergence of the Old Rus’ culture. They are the Borshevo culture on the Don, the Saltiv culture (mainly based on the materials of the Siversky-Donetsk region), the Volintseve and Romny sites (the left bank of the Dnieper), as well as the Raiky culture (the territory between the Dnieper and the Carpathians) (Fig. 1). The subject of the study are the components of agriculture (farming and livestock breeding) in these cultures. Nowadays the degree of research of these sectors allows us to conduct their comparative analysis and to determine the vectors of influences. The analysis of potential resource zones shows that ancient settlers at the time of settlement probably did not attach much importance to the surrounding lands, and gradually adapted them to their needs. According to the results of the analysis of the location of the Saltiv and Romny sites in the Siverskyi-Donetsk region contact area, we can say that the bearers of the Romny culture came to the resource zones already absorbed by the Saltiv people. Above all, this concerns the use of the land for agricultural purposes. We can offer a similar situation for bearers of the Raiky culture, which often continued to use the resource areas assimilated by their predecessors — the Prague culture bearers. Comparative analysis of agricultural implements (Fig. 2; 3) shows that the Saltiv culture bearers had a negligible positive influence on the spread of certain forms of tools of agricultural labor. Biological definitions and palaeoethnobotanical and archaeozoological analyzes (Fig. 4—6) are more likely to show insignificant differences in environmental conditions, as well as, possibly, in the ethnicity of ancient farmers. No influences of one culture on another were found on these materials. Probably, meat production among the population of the Saltiv culture has acquired certain forms of specialization because only in this culture such specific tools as cutting knives are known now (Fig. 7). The overall result may be the following. Among the comparable cultures, both branches of agriculture were the most developed among the bearers of the Saltiv culture. They had some influence on the development of agriculture among their neighbors — the Siverians and the Slavs on the Don. However, in all these cultures, the level of development of agriculture was approximately the same. It is not possible to take certain differences in livestock production for criteria of greater or lesser degree of development, since livestock production reflects most likely the ecological differences of settlements and the ethnic difference of settlers.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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