scholarly journals Some significant exterior and reproductive properties of the English Thoroughbred horse population from the stud farm 'Ljubicevo', Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
V. Djermanovic ◽  
S. Mitrovic ◽  
N. Djordjevic ◽  
M. Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Thoroughbred Horse ◽  
The Difference

The investigation included 5 stallions (average age of 10.40 years) and 33 mares (average age of 10.33 years) with pedigree of the English Thoroughbred horse breed that are used for breeding on the Stud Farm Ljubicevo - Serbia. The investigation of some significant properties relating to the exterior (at stallions) and reproductive ones (at mares) were carried out in the year 2009. The following average exterior (body) measures of the stallions: the body mass (474.80 kg), withers height (160.46 cm), trunk or body length (161.88 cm), breast circumference (187.96 cm) and tibia circumference (19.22 cm) were within the standards of this horse breed of the age. The gestation period at mares, regardless the sex of a colt, averagely lasted 337.70 days. With the mares having had a male colt, the gestation lasted a little bit longer (338.92 days) than with the mares having had female colts (336.90 days). The difference in the gestation duration (2.02 days) was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Between the age of the mares and the gestation duration (regardless the sex of a colt) it was found a positive slight correlation (rp=0.320). Furthermore, between the age of the mares and the gestation duration it was found medium (rp=0.453) correlation at male colts, and quite poor correlation (rp=0.202) at female colts. Found coefficients of the phenotype correlation were not statistically confirmed (P>0.05).

Estimating body mass of pumas (Puma concolor)

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Jansen ◽  
Jonathan A. Jenks
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Context Body mass of animals has been estimated using body measurements and formulas have been developed for some species of large ungulates and carnivores. Pumas (Puma concolor) are often captured for sport and research in remote and rugged terrain and equipment needed to weigh a captured animal is not often carried because of the remoteness. Aims We investigated whether body measurements were related to body mass for pumas, to develop an equation that would accurately estimate body mass of pumas within desired tolerances (~10 kg). We also used our model to predict the body mass of pumas captured in other locales, to investigate the effectiveness of our model on other populations. Methods We used multiple regression to determine the relationships between body measurements and body mass for 58 pumas in the Black Hills. We then applied our top equation to eight pumas that we captured in areas outside the Black Hills study population. Key results We found that a model using body length (cm) and head and chest circumferences (cm) explained 89% of the variation in body mass; sex and age-class information did not contribute significantly to the model. Our top equation was as follows: body mass (kg) = –61.07 + 0.21 × body length (cm) + 0.56 × head circumference (cm) + 0.83 × chest circumference (cm). The 95% prediction interval for our top model was –6.3–6.3 kg. We found the difference between predicted and actual body mass of pumas from other populations was –0.40 kg ± 1.45 (s.e.). Conclusions We found the relationship between body measurements and body mass to be similar, despite the differences in location and environments. Implications This model could be used by researchers and sport hunters to estimate the mass of a pumas that were not weighed with a scale.

scholarly journals Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rusek ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Marzena Adamczyk ◽  
Rafał Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pelvic Obliquity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

scholarly journals Patterns of Growth in Nestling Indian Barn-Owls

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan ◽  
Krishinamoorthy Thiyagesan ◽  
Rajagopalan Natarajan ◽  
Ramalingam Kanakasabai
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Bill Length

Abstract We examined nestling growth patterns of the Indian Barn-Owl (Tyto alba stertens) in Tamilnadu, Southern India, with reference to body mass, body length, bill length, bill width, wing length, wingspan, tail length, tarsus length, and middle claw length. Body mass reached an asymptote of 447.0 ± 6.8 g during week 7, which was 10% higher than the adult mass. Then it significantly declined to 437.0 ± 10.9 g at fledging. At the end of week 4, the body length, bill length, bill width, tarsus length, and middle toe length had surpassed 50% of adult sizes. The wingspan and tarsus length reached almost adult size by the time of fledging. A logistic growth curve was found to be a good fit for all the growth variables and explained between 71% (wing length) and 86% (body length) of the variance. Patrones de Crecimiento en Polluelos de Tyto alba stertens Resumen. Examinamos los patrones de crecimiento de polluelos de Tyto alba stertens en Tamilnadu, sudoeste de India, en relación al peso y el largo del cuerpo, el largo y el ancho del pico, el largo del ala y su envergadura, y el largo de la cola, los tarsos y de la garra mediana. El peso corporal alcanzó una asíntota de 447.0 ± 6.8 g durante la séptima semana, el cual fue un 10% mayor que el peso de los adultos. Posteriormente, durante el período de volantones, el peso corporal disminuyó hasta 437.0 ± 10.9 g. Al final de la cuarta semana, el largo del cuerpo, el largo y el ancho del pico, y los largos del tarso y del dedo mediano habían sobrepasado el 50% de los tamaños adultos. La envergadura del ala y el largo del tarso casi alcanzaron tamaños adultos durante el período de volantones. Se encontró que una curva de crecimiento logístico se ajustó bien a todas las variables de crecimiento y explicó un 71% (largo del ala) y un 86% (largo del cuerpo) de la varianza.

scholarly journals A new specimen-dependent method of estimating felid body mass

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheer Sherani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Smilodon Fatalis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Bone Dimensions ◽  
Panthera Atrox

Background. The estimation of body mass of long extinct species of the family Felidae has been a focus of paleontology. However, most utilized methods impose expected proportions on the fossil specimens being estimated, resulting in a high chance of underestimation or overestimation. This study proposes a new method of estimating felid body mass by accounting for osteological proportionality differences between the extinct taxa being estimated and the living species being used as comparisons. Method. Using a manipulation of the cube law, 36 equations were formulated that estimate body mass based on certain humeral and femoral dimensions. The formulated equations were used to examine whether the mass of living comparison species, namely the tiger (Panthera tigris), the lion (Panthera leo), and the jaguar (Panthera onca), depends equally on a select set of long bone dimensions. The body mass of five extinct felids, namely Panthera atrox, Panthera spelaea, Panthera tigris soloensis, Smilodon populator, and Smilodon fatalis, was also estimated. Results. Living comparisons species were found to somewhat incorrectly estimate other living comparison species. All five extinct taxa were found to weigh well over 300 kg, with the largest of the species weighing nearly 500 kg. Discussion. The inability of one living comparison species to predict the mass of another with strong accuracy suggests that bone dimensions do not solely influence body mass. Discrepancies between the masses of Smilodon populator and Smilodon fatalis were likely the product of the difference in available niches in late Pleistocene North and South America. The masses of Panthera spelaea and Panthera atrox indicate a discrepancy in sociality between the two closely related species. Lastly, the extreme body mass of Panthera tigris soloensis points to great plasticity within the tiger lineage in terms of size, indicating that such variations among tiger populations may not warrant subspeciation.

scholarly journals Estimation of phenotypic variability of body measurements in Lipizzan mares

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Biljana Rogic ◽  
Bozo Vazic ◽  
Ivica Ravic
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this work was a phenotypic description of the mare families of a Lipizzan horse breed from stud Vucijak. A total of 31 mares were measured, for every animal 28 measures were recorded. The mares are distributed by mare families in the following: Sana (3), Lipa (3), Bregava (3), Cremica (3), Ukrina (3), Visla (2), Neretva (3), Pliva (1), Drina (2), Sutjeska (2), Sitnica (1), Janja (2) and Sava. Simple analysis of variance was done to determine the difference in the morphological measures between mare families. Also, correlation between 28 measures was done. This study revealed phenotypic uniformity between mare families. Of the 28 measures recorded, a statistically significant difference was identified only for the length of cannon (front leg). The longest average length of the cannon (front leg) had at Sana (24.67 cm), and the shortest at Bregava (19.00 cm). The correlation ranged from slightly negative to highly positive with correlation coefficients from -0.465 to 0.779. Significant and highly significant correlation with height, length and depth was found in mare measures. The body shape of the mare families has a rectangular, which is in accordance with the Lipizzan horses from other stud in Europe. Also, the study revealed that mares from Vucijak are smaller than mares from other stud, which is in accordance with the breeding goals.

scholarly journals A new specimen-dependent method of estimating felid body mass

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheer Sherani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Smilodon Fatalis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Bone Dimensions ◽  
Panthera Atrox

Background. The estimation of body mass of long extinct species of the family Felidae has been a focus of paleontology. However, most utilized methods impose expected proportions on the fossil specimens being estimated, resulting in a high chance of underestimation or overestimation. This study proposes a new method of estimating felid body mass by accounting for osteological proportionality differences between the extinct taxa being estimated and the living species being used as comparisons. Method. Using a manipulation of the cube law, 36 equations were formulated that estimate body mass based on certain humeral and femoral dimensions. The formulated equations were used to examine whether the mass of living comparison species, namely the tiger (Panthera tigris), the lion (Panthera leo), and the jaguar (Panthera onca), depends equally on a select set of long bone dimensions. The body mass of five extinct felids, namely Panthera atrox, Panthera spelaea, Panthera tigris soloensis, Smilodon populator, and Smilodon fatalis, was also estimated. Results. Living comparisons species were found to somewhat incorrectly estimate other living comparison species. All five extinct taxa were found to weigh well over 300 kg, with the largest of the species weighing nearly 500 kg. Discussion. The inability of one living comparison species to predict the mass of another with strong accuracy suggests that bone dimensions do not solely influence body mass. Discrepancies between the masses of Smilodon populator and Smilodon fatalis were likely the product of the difference in available niches in late Pleistocene North and South America. The masses of Panthera spelaea and Panthera atrox indicate a discrepancy in sociality between the two closely related species. Lastly, the extreme body mass of Panthera tigris soloensis points to great plasticity within the tiger lineage in terms of size, indicating that such variations among tiger populations may not warrant subspeciation.

scholarly journals Estimating the gains of early detection of hypertension over the marginal patient

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254260
Author(s):  
Paul Rodríguez-Lesmes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Difference

This study estimated the potential impact of early diagnosis programs on health outcomes in England. Specifically, if advising individuals to visit their family doctor due to a suspected case of mild hypertension would result in (i) an increase in the diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure; (ii) an improved lifestyle reflected in objective measures such as the body-mass-index and blood pressure levels; (iii) a reduced probability of the onset of other cardiovascular diseases, such as diabetes. To address potential selection bias in screening, a feature of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is exploited, motivating a regression discontinuity design. If respondents’ blood pressure measurements are above a standard clinical threshold, they are advised to visit their family doctor to confirm hypertension. Two years after the protocol, there is evidence of an increase in diagnosis (5.7 pp, p-val = 0.06) and medication use (6 pp, p-val = 0.007) for treating the condition. However, four years after the protocol, the difference in diagnosis and medication disappeared (4 pp, p-val = 0.384; 3.4 pp, p-val = 0.261). Moreover, there are no differences on observed blood pressure levels (systolic 0.026 mmHg, p-val = 0.815; diastolic -0.336 mmHg, p-val = 0.765), or Body-Mass-Index ((0.771, p-val = 0.154)). There are also no differences on diagnosis of diabetes (1.7 pp, p-val = 0.343) or heart related conditions (3.6 pp, p-value = 0.161). In conclusion, the nudge produces an earlier diagnosis of around two years, but there are no perceivable gains in health outcomes after four years.

scholarly journals Grip Strength Generalization of the Body Mass Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Godescu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Body Mass Index (BMI) formula has been developed by Belgian mathematician Adolphe Quetelet and published in 1840 [1] as a law of nature and society, based on statistics about the weight and height of the population of that time, the first part of the 19th century. He called it &ldquo;social physics&rdquo;. From then, for nearly two centuries, the BMI had been the most important formula describing the normal relations and ratio of weight to the square of the height for humans. The problem arises if the BMI formula, developed in the first part of the 19th century is still good today when the type of work people perform is very different? In modern times, most people are less muscular than at the time when the BMI was developed because they do not work physically as heavy as at that time. In many cases, the Body Mass index can predict mortality, morbidity and illness but not always, for example cases such as (a) the obesity paradox for some cardiovascular problems and (b) the U shape mortality paradox as well as (c) false positive obesity diagnostic in regard to people who are strong and muscular, have low body fat percentage but are classified as obese by the BMI and (d) cases where BMI is normal but people have an &ldquo;obese metabolism&rdquo; (e) BMI normal but high fat percentage. The objective is to develop a formula good for all body types, a formula that makes the difference between fat and non-fat body weight such as muscle and body frame and quantifies the effect of strength and fitness, which BMI does not. Another objective is to develop a formula to predict the health risks and fitness status of people, better than BMI. The first generalizations of BMI using anthropometric metrics could be found in [2], where I discuss and analyze many formulae, developed, tested, and simulated by me, using similar new methods, accounting for body shape, physical shape and body function, making the difference between muscle mass and fat, fat and non fat body weight. Nearly all formulae and methods developed and proposed in this new model are new, never published before. Many experiments published before, in highly cited papers show that grip strength and muscle strength is a predictor of health, mortality, morbidity, endocrine and metabolic disease outside the BMI and anthropometric measures. The purpose of my formula is to explain the outcome of those experiments and create a formula which predicts these experiments [21-41].

The Impact of Urbanization on Stature and bmi in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kopczyński ◽  
Łukasz Sobechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of the stature and body mass of men from the Kingdom of Poland who were drafted into the 1913/14 Russian army finds that Christians and Jews born in Warsaw were taller than their counterparts from small towns and villages. However, conscripts from Warsaw had less body mass than did conscripts from rural regions; the body mass index (bmi) of a significant proportion of the Warsaw contingent indicates nutritional deficiency. The difference in stature between inhabitants of Warsaw and those of the provinces is attributable to the dietary advantages of the urban environment. The higher bmi of the conscripts from the provinces derived from their greater muscle mass, achieved through the hard labor typical of rural environments. Young males in Warsaw tended to economize on food to spend more on the amusements typical of urban environments, not usually conducive to muscular development.

Morphological diversity of larval skeletons in the sea urchin family Echinometridae (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonoko Kinjo ◽  
Tsuyoshi Uehara ◽  
Ikuko Yazaki ◽  
Yoshihisa Shirayama ◽  
Hiroshi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bottom Width ◽  
The Difference

To clarify the morphological variety of larval skeletons, a detailed morphological comparison among the species of the family Echinometridae was performed. Through conspecific comparison of larval skeletons among different ages, we found five skeletal characters of the body skeleton that are stable in the four-armed pluteus and thus useful in homologous comparison among the species. The morphological variation was summarized as the difference in the number of spines and posteroventral transverse rods, and differences in the shape of the body skeleton. Significant correlations were found between some skeletal characters, such as between upper body length and bottom width of body skeleton and between lower body length and the number of spines. We found that the larval skeletons of tropical species tend to have fewer spines and rods than those of temperate species, which is consistent with the hypothesis that a reduction in skeletal elements decreases the specific gravity of larvae as an adaptation to tropical waters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document