scholarly journals Indicative levels of PM in the ambient air in the surrounding villages of the copper smelter complex Bor, Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visa Tasic ◽  
Novica Milosevic ◽  
Renata Kovacevic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic ◽  
Mile Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
The Republic

While information on air pollution in the form of particulate matter (PM) has been monitored for longer period for EU countries, availability of PM data sets in the Western Balkan countries including the Republic of Serbia are still limited. Studies, related to the particulate pollution research, have been only carried out in the past several years. The main objective of this paper is to present PM levels measured in the ambient air in the surrounding settlements of the Copper Smelter Complex Bor. Also, one of the goals is a comparison of PM levels in the surrounding settlements with those measured in Bor town. The ambient levels of PM particles (PM10, PM2.5) were measured by automatic PM monitors at 4 nearby settlements: Slatina, Ostrelj, Krivelj and Brezonik in the time interval from 2005 to 2010. According to the measurement results, PM10 and PM2.5 levels in the ambient air were higher in the cold, heating, (October-March) than in the warm no heating period (April-September). The exceeding of the daily limit of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration levels was observed at all measuring points. A higher number of exceedances were detected in the cold period. The results indicate that there is a significant seasonal change in the level of fine particles at all measuring places in surroundings. In addition, the PM levels in Bor town are more influenced by the air pollution from the Copper Smelter Complex than settlements in the vicinity, where the PM concentrations were greatly influenced by the presence of domestic heating in the cold period.

Analysis of Surface Air Pollutant Measurements from 2015-2019 in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Disha Sharma ◽  
Denise Mauzerall
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

<p>Launched among growing concerns about air pollution in India, the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) 2019 aims to reduce PM2.5 concentrations by 20-30% by 2024, relative to 2017. This analysis is an overview of air pollution levels in India in the five years prior to implementation of the NCAP program and provides a baseline to evaluate its future success. We analyze ground observations from 2015 – 2019, of five criteria pollutants – PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3. We use data retrieved from the continuous and manual monitors across India to calculate annual average concentrations, seasonal cycles and monthly variability of these five pollutants in northern and southern India (divided at 23.5 oN). We find that northern India has (7%-129%) higher average concentrations of all pollutants compared with southern India, except for SO2 where the concentrations are similar.  Particulate pollution dominates the pollution mix with virtually all sites in the northern region failing to meet the annual average PM10 and PM2.5 national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) (of 60 g/m3 and 40 g/m3, respectively) while some sites in southern India meet the standard. Although inter-annual variability exists, no significant trend of these pollutant concentrations was observed over the five-year period.  We also conduct case studies in five cities included in the US State Department Air-Now PM2.5 network - Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Chennai and include continuous monitoring data. We find the annual average PM10 and PM2.5 NAAQS concentrations to be frequently exceeded in these cities with highest concentrations found in Delhi, followed by Kolkata. SO2 concentrations, however, generally meet the NAAQS standard in all the five cities.  NO2 NAAQS are exceeded in Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad in winter whereas O3 only occasionally exceeds NAAQS in Delhi.   Our work creates a framework that can be used in future research to evaluate the success of the NCAP air pollution mitigation program.</p>

Characteristics of atmospheric air pollution by fine particles based on regional monitoring data

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Liliya Minvagizovna Fatkhutdinova ◽  
Gyuzel Abdulkhalimovna Timerbulatova ◽  
Evgeniy Pavlovich Bocharov ◽  
Elena Petrovna Sizova ◽  
Gulnaz Faezovna Gabidinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Analysis

Introduction. Air pollution with particulate matter (PM) is a serious global problem. In the Russian Federation, regular field measurements of PMs in the ambient air are carried out only in a few cities, and the data, as a rule, are not systematized. Aim of the study: long-term analysis of the data set on concentrations of fine particles in the ambient air of the city of Kazan. Material and methods. Long-term analysis of ambient air pollution by fine particles in the city of Kazan for the period from 2016 to 2020 has been carried out. To study the effect of separate factors (year, measurement time during the day, climatic conditions, the presence of other pollutants) on the levels of PM10 and PM2.5, regression analysis was applied based on the method of mixed models. To characterize the elemental composition of the PM2.5 fraction, sampling of atmospheric air on PVC filters was carried out by use of 100 NR impactor (TSI, USA). The step function and MPPD model were applied to calculate the number of particles and the mass of the deposited fraction of fine particulate matter in different regions of the human respiratory tract. Results. The PM10 concentrations remained stable over a 5-year period, while the PM2.5 concentrations decreased. At the same time, an increase in the maximum annual concentrations of both fractions was observed. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 significantly depended on climatic conditions. The presence of nitrogen oxides and organic carbon in the ambient air was significantly associated with higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. The elemental composition of PM2.5 fraction was represented mainly by carbon (C) (from 86.16% to 93.45%). Mathematical modeling has shown that PM10 is mainly deposited in the upper respiratory tract, and their presence in the tracheobronchial and alveolar zones is insignificant. PM2.5 particles reach the lower respiratory tract and alveolar area. Conclusion. A statistically significant upward long-term trend in the maximum annual ambient concentrations for both fractions of fine particles can increase health risks. Secondary pollutants (nitrogen oxides, organic carbon) are important factors for the formation of secondary particles in the ambient air. The results obtained indicate that when assessing the risks to public health, it is necessary not only to use the concentrations of fine particles in ambient air, but also to consider the degree of deposition of separate fractions in different parts of the human respiratory tract, considering the alleged pathogenesis and priority target cells characteristic of individual diseases.

scholarly journals Air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Moderato ◽  
D Lazzeroni ◽  
A Biagi ◽  
T Spezzano ◽  
B Matrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Introduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death worldwide; it accounts for up to 50% of all cardiovascular deaths.It is well established that ambient air pollution triggers fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. However, the impact of air pollution on OHCA is still controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of short-term exposure to outdoor air pollutants on the incidence of OHCA in the urban area of Piacenza, Italy, one of the most polluted area in Europe. Methods From 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2017 day-by-day PM10 and PM2.5 levels, as well as climatic data, were extracted from Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) local monitoring stations. OHCA were extracted from the prospective registry of Community-based automated external defibrillator Cardiac arrest “Progetto Vita”. OHCA data were included: audio recordings, event information and ECG tracings. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the risk of OHC, expressed as odds ratios (OR), associated with the PM10 and PM2.5 levels. Results Mean PM10 levels were 33±29 μg/m3 and the safety threshold (50 μg/m3) recommended by both WHO and Italian legislation has been exceeded for 535 days (17.5%). Mean PM 5 levels were 33±29 μg/m3. During the follow-up period, 880 OHCA were recorded on 750 days; the remaining 2174 days without OHCA were used as control days. Mean age of OHCA patients was 76±15 years; male gender was prevalent (55% male vs 45% female; <0.001). Concentration of PM10 and PM 2.5 were significantly higher on days with the occurrence of OHCA (PM10 levels: 37.7±22 μg/m3 vs 32.7±19 μg/m3; p<0.001; PM 2.5 levels: 26±16 vs 22±15 p<0.001). Risk of OHCA was significantly increased with the progressive increase of PM10 (OR: 1.009, 95% CI 1.004–1.015; p<0.001) and PM2.5 levels (OR 1.012, 95% CI 1.007–1.017; p<0.001). Interestingly, the above mentioned results remain independent even when correct for external temperature or season (PM 2.5 levels: p=0.01 – PM 10 levels: p=0.002), Moreover, dividing PM10 values in quintiles, a 1.9 fold higher risk of cardiac arrest has been showed in the highest quintile (Highest quintile cut-off: <48μg/m3) Conclusions In large cohort of patients from a high pollution area, both PM10 and PM2.5 levels are associated with the risk of Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PM10 and PM2.5 levels and risk of OHCA Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Air Pollution, Air Quality, and Climate Change

Heat Advisory ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic

The effects of climate change on air quality are difficult to model due to the large number of unpredictable variables. Hotter temperatures favor ozone production. Higher atmospheric water content may blunt this effect in some regions. Higher levels of natural volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as terpenes from plants, are likely to act synergistically with anthropogenic VOCs to favor ozone production. Droughts increase wildfire risks that produce particulate pollution and carbon monoxide, a VOC involved in ozone production. Some models predict increased ozone concentrations in many urban settings. Future revisions of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, a process driven by politics and science, should consider these effects.

Abstract P247: Multi-pollutant Mixtures and Digital Vascular Function in the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter L Ljungman ◽  
Elissa H Wilker ◽  
Mary B Rice ◽  
Elena Austin ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Wood Combustion

Background: Studies of ambient air pollution and microvascular function have shown conflicting results. Aim: We investigated whether the association between fine particle mass with diameter ≤2.5μm (PM 2.5 ) and microvascular function varies according to air pollution characteristics. Methods: We assessed baseline pulse amplitude and the ratio of fingertip pulse wave amplitude pre- and post- brachial artery occlusion (PAT ratio) in 1,365 participants of the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts. We used K-means clustering to categorize mixtures of air pollutants into 5 distinct clusters of days with similar multi-pollutant profiles using elemental data and gases. We assessed the interaction between preceding day PM 2.5 and cluster adjusting for season, meteorology and covariates. Results: We observed differences in associations between PM 2.5 and baseline pulse amplitude by cluster (P=0.02 for interaction). On days with either low overall PM 2.5 levels but dominated by road and traffic dust and a high proportion of ultrafine particles (cluster 1) or high contributions of oil and wood combustion (cluster 5), higher PM 2.5 was associated with higher baseline pulse amplitude (see Figure). In contrast, on days with either a strong contribution of crustal materials, a mixture of fine and ultrafine particles, or agglomerated particles from regional sources (cluster 2, 3, and 4 respectively), PM 2.5 was not significantly associated with baseline pulse amplitude. We observed similar, non-significant associations between PM 2.5 and PAT ratio across the air pollution mixture clusters (P=0.14 for interaction). Conclusions: Air pollution mixtures with contributions from heating oil and wood combustion or traffic and road dust, both having high proportions of ultra-fine particles, were associated with altered microvascular tone. Our findings suggest that specific mixtures of particulate pollution may have distinct vascular consequences and support further studies of air pollution clusters to inform public policy. .

scholarly journals Influence of Meteorological Variables on Ambient Air Pollutants of a Coastal District in Eastern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
SS Kalikinkar Mahanta ◽  
Sharada Shrinivas Patil ◽  
Bhagirathi Mahanta ◽  
Kushalindu Biswas ◽  
Rojalin Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The study of various air pollutants and meteorological parameters are very important for all the researchers. Baleswar was known to be a seaside Districts of Odisha which is the economic and cultural heart of Northern Odisha. The aim of this study is to measure the air pollutants, meteorological parameters and to enumerate the air pollution index at three specific sites (Sahadevkhunta, Mallikashpur, Rasalpur) according to CPCB procedures. The air pollutants analysed by supplying through specific absorbing reagents and the pollutants were analysed up to 3 year (2017, 2018 and 2019) with a regularity of thrice per week. Analyses of our data sets showing that SO2 and NO2 concentration during summer, rainy and winter season are within the prescribe standard of NAAQS by CPCB but PM10 and PM2.5 are above the prescribed standard except PM2.5 concentration of rainy season in year 2019. Air pollution index is remaining in the condition between clean air (CA) to moderate air pollution (MAP) and it shows that the pollution index in all the sites are reducing from the year 2017 to 2019 may be due to enhancing technologies to reduce the pollutant concentration in air.

scholarly journals Characterization and Apportionment of Sources of Indoor air Particulate Matter of aecd Campus, Dhaka

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilkis A Begum ◽  
Swapan K Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Particulate ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Ambient particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) samples were collected in different laboratories and sitting rooms at the Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka campus in Dhaka on weekdays using AirMetrics Samplers from September to December 2006.  The samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations by ED XRF method.  Black carbon was analyzed by reflectance.  The data sets were analyzed by reconstructive mass (RCM) methods to check the mass closer and also to identify the possible sources of atmospheric aerosols in these closed areas.  It was observed that in these closed areas, 74 to 98% of the particulate mass belong to fine particles mass (PM2.5).  Mostly three and four sources have been identified in both PM10 and PM2.5 fractions respectively.  The sources are soil, combustion products (signature elements are BC and OC), Pb and Zn containing sources.  It was found that about 70 to 98% of total mass is black carbon together with organic carbon.   Keywords:  RCM, PM, AECD campus, XRF method DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2947 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 25-36, 2009

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Particulate Matters Concentration and Their Influence on Ambient Air Quality in Urban Regions of Khuzestan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Nassrin Hasanzadeh ◽  
◽  
Fariba Hedayatzadeh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: One of the most concerning pollutants in urban areas across the globe is particulate matter suspended in the Earth’s atmosphere. The main objective of the current investigation is to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of ambient air particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and PM2.5/PM10 ratio in different urban areas of Khuzestan Province. Methods: In this way, the required data were gathered from the environmental protection organization based on hourly mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 of six air pollution-monitoring sites for 5 years. Results: Results indicated that the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5/PM10 are about 134.14±39.23 µg/m3, 44.51±13.44 µg/m3 and 0.33±0.07, respectively. The examinations revealed a reductive trend on annual values of PMs in terms of temporal variations. A detailed investigation of the annual mean concentrations of PMs and PM2.5/PM10 in terms of spatial variations demonstrated the largest values for Naderi-Ahvaz and Abadan stations. Furthermore, the measured AQI was larger than 100 and the Exceedance Factor (EF) values of PM10 and PM2.5 ranged between 1.51-2.73 and 0.77-1.41. The statistical analysis obtained from linear regression revealed a significant positive relation between AQI and PM2.5 and PM10 with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.8259 and 0.7934, respectively. Conclusion: Although the analysis and measurement revealed a reductive trend in the annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, the measured AQI and EF values are still far from the standards of good quality and low pollution. Therefore, it is highly necessary to follow the air pollution protocols to control PM air pollution in Khuzestan Province.

scholarly journals Inequalities in air pollution exposure are increasing in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Jbaily ◽  
Xiaodan Zhou ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Ting-Hwan Lee ◽  
Stéphane Verguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Exposure ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Exposure to ambient air pollution contributes substantially to the global burden of disease, and in 2015, ambient exposure to PM2.5 (fine particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) was the fifth-ranking risk factor of mortality globally. We analyzed data from the US zip code tabulation areas (N=32047) for 2000-2016 and found strong evidence of inequalities in exposure to PM2.5 among both racial/ethnic and income groups. Most alarming, we found that these inequalities have been increasing over time. From 2010 to 2016 inequalities in the exposure to PM2.5 levels above 8 μg/m3 across racial/ethnic, and income groups increased by factors of 1.6 and 4.0 respectively. As shown in our powerful map visualizations, these results indicate that air pollution regulations must not only decrease PM2.5 concentration levels nationwide but also prioritize reducing environmental injustice across the US.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Purification by Nanotechnologies: From Theory to Application

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Jun-ji Cao ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Air pollution has been a recurring problem in northern Chinese cities, and high concentrations of PM2.5 in winter have been a particular cause for concern. Secondary aerosols converted from precursor gases (i.e., nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds) evidently account for a large fraction of the PM2.5. Conventional control methods, such as dust removal, desulfurization, and denitrification, help reduce emissions from stationary combustion sources, but these measures have not led to decreases in haze events. Recent advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology provide new opportunities for removing fine particles and gaseous pollutants from ambient air and reducing the impacts on human health. This review begins with overviews of air pollution and traditional abatement technologies, and then advances in ambient air purification by nanotechnologies, including filtration, adsorption, photocatalysis, and ambient-temperature catalysis are presented—from fundamental principles to applications. Current state-of-the-art developments in the use of nanomaterials for particle removal, gas adsorption, and catalysis are summarized, and practical applications of catalysis-based techniques for air purification by nanomaterials in indoor, semi-enclosed, and open spaces are highlighted. Finally, we propose future directions for the development of novel disinfectant nanomaterials and the construction of advanced air purification devices.

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