scholarly journals The peak windowing for PAPR reduction in software defined radio base stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Borisav Jovanovic ◽  
Srdjan Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Code Division Multiple ◽  
Wireless Infrastructure

The utilization of the techniques for Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction makes the wireless infrastructure conform to rigorous telecommunication standard specifications (error vector magnitude (EVM), bit error rate (BER), transmit spectrum mask (TSM)). In modern modulation schemes reduction of PAPR is important requirement for distortion free and energy-efficient operation of power amplifiers (PA). In this paper novel implementation of Peak Windowing method for PAPR reduction in Software Defined Radio (SDR) Base Stations (BS) is presented. The measurement results in terms of EVM and ACPR are given for 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) modulations. In case of 10MHz LTE signal, we achieved PAPR = 8 dB, EVM = 2.0%, ACPR -52dBc at modulated PA output, antenna point.

PA Linearization by Digital Predistortion and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in Software Defined Radios

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050147
Author(s):  
Borisav Jovanović ◽  
Srdan Milenković
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Digital Predistortion ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Linearization Methods ◽  
Telecommunication Infrastructure ◽  
Power Ratio Reduction ◽  
Wireless Infrastructure

Digital predistortion (DPD), based on complex-valued memory polynomials (MP), is established as an efficient method for power amplifier (PA) linearization. The DPD facilitates compliance of the telecommunication infrastructure to strict standard specifications (transmit spectrum mask (TSM), error vector magnitude (EVM), bit error rate (BER), [Formula: see text]) by making PA more linear, while at the same time reduces the running cost of the wireless infrastructure (at both Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and User Equipment (UE) sides) by making PA more power efficient. Even when DPD is utilized, signals with high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) produce out-of-band PA spectrum emission due to intermodulation products affecting all above-mentioned critical standard specified parameters. The novelty proposed in this paper is as follows. PA is restricted to operate within “reasonably above” PA linear region using PAPR reduction technique. The residual nonlinearity is taken care of by DPD. The combination of DPD and PAPR PA linearization methods is implemented on software-defined radio board. The necessary steps for efficient PA linearization are presented, compensating both out-of-band and in-band signal distortions. We achieved EVM = 2.0%, ACPR [Formula: see text]50[Formula: see text]dBc, at 10[Formula: see text]W LTE modulated PA output, antenna point and PA output power of 39.5[Formula: see text]dBm.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Precoding-Companding Technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in 5G and beyond

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mounir ◽  
Mohamed B. El_Mashade ◽  
Salah Berra ◽  
Gurjot Singh Gaba ◽  
Mehedi Masud
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Hybrid Precoding ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Reduction Techniques

Several high-speed wireless systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) due to its advantages. 5G has adopted OFDM and is expected to be considered beyond 5G (B5G). Meanwhile, OFDM has a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Hybridization between two PAPR reduction techniques gains the two techniques’ advantages. Hybrid precoding-companding techniques are attractive as they require small computational complexity to achieve high PAPR reduction gain. Many precoding-companding techniques were introduced to increasing the PAPR reduction gain. However, reducing Bit Error Rate (BER) and out-of-band (OOB) radiation are more significant than increasing PAPR reduction gain. This paper proposes a new precoding-companding technique to better reduce the BER and OOB radiation than previous precoding-companding techniques. Results showed that the proposed technique outperforms all previous precoding-companding techniques in BER enhancement and OOB radiation reduction. The proposed technique reduces the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) by 15 dB compared with 10 dB for the best previous technique. Additionally, the proposed technique increases high power amplifier efficiency (HPA) by 11.4%, while the best previous technique increased HPA efficiency by 9.8%. Moreover, our proposal achieves PAPR reduction gain better than the most known powerful PAPR reduction technique with a 99% reduction in required computational complexity.

Performance analysis of hybrid Fi-Wi network employing OCDMA based NG-PON

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyadharshini Rajasekaran ◽  
Geetha Ganesan ◽  
Meenakshi Murugappan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Broadband Wireless ◽  
M Sequence ◽  
Integrated Architecture ◽  
Multiple Services ◽  
Code Division Multiple

Abstract Fiber-Wireless (Fi-Wi) networks play a crucial role in broadband wireless communication. A hybrid Fi-Wi architecture integrating Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) based Next-Generation Passive Optical Network (NGPON) with Long Term Evolution (LTE) is proposed that can provide a higher capacity to the mobile end users, thereby achieving scalability and mobility. Maximal length sequence (M-sequence) codes of code length 31 used can support six users. A simulation study is carried out for the proposed integrated architecture considering multiple users and multiple services, and the performance is analyzed in terms of the received Bit Error Rate (BER) and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) values. A high capacity of 160 Gbps and a spectral efficiency of 2–4 bps/Hz are achieved for the multi-user and multi-service links with six users.

scholarly journals Shaping Code in Conjunction with DCT for PAPR Reduction in Multicarrier System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Aimer ◽  
Boubakar Seddik Bouazza ◽  
Smail Bachir ◽  
Claude Duvanaud
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Multicarrier System

Abstract Nonlinear behavior and power efficiency of the Power Amplifier (PA) contradictorily depend on the input signal amplitude distribution. The transmitted signal in multi-carrier modulation exhibits high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and large bandwidths, leading to the degradation of the radio link and additional generation out-of-band interferences, which degrade the quality of the transmission. Practical solutions exist, like a power back-off, but with unacceptable efficiency performances of the transmitter. This paper deals with efficiency and linearity improvement using a new PAPR reduction method based on the combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and shaping technique. The main principle is to determine an optimal coding scheme according to a trade-off between coding complexity and performance benefits in the presence of PA non-linearities. Simulation and experimental results in the context of OFDM signal and using a 20W - 3.7GHz Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier (RF-PA) show an improvement on PAPR reduction of about 3.25dB. Also, the communication criteria like BER (Bit Error Rate) and EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) are improved by about one decade and a half and 8%, respectively.

scholarly journals Context-Based Dynamic Meshed Backhaul Construction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Khanh Tran ◽  
Ricardo Santos ◽  
Hiroaki Ogawa ◽  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Kei Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Dynamic Formation

5G heterogeneous network overlaid by millimeter-wave (mmWave) access employs mmWave meshed backhauling as a promising cost-efficient backhaul architecture. Due to the nature of mobile traffic distribution in practice which is both time-variant and spatially non-uniform, dynamic construction of mmWave meshed backhaul is prerequisite to support the varying traffic distribution. Focusing on such scenario of outdoor dynamic crowd (ODC), this paper proposes a novel method to control mmWave meshed backhaul for efficient operation of mmWave overlay 5G HetNet through Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology. Our algorithm is featured by two functionalities, i.e., backhauling route multiplexing for overloaded mmWave small cell base stations (SC-BSs) and mmWave SC-BSs’ ON/OFF status switching for underloaded spot. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed meshed network is confirmed by both numerical analyses and experimental results. Simulations are conducted over a practical user distribution modeled from measured data in realistic environments. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can cope with the locally intensive traffic and reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, a WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance certified) device based testbed is developed for Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and preliminary measurement results confirm the proposed dynamic formation of the meshed network’s efficiency.

scholarly journals Designing a Novel PTS Method to Reduce Peak to Average Power Ratio in OFDM

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Software Radio ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Digital To Analog Converter ◽  
Stable Mode ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Large Scope

Most of the wireless standards used these days, heavily rely on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the known key acknowledged confines of OFDM. Reduced PAPR at OFDM transmitter helps power amplifier to operate in stable mode and reduction in complexity of digital to analog converter (DAC). Several PAPR reduction techniques have been evolved from different principles such as signal scrambling techniques, such as Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS), signal distortion techniques such as Clipping, etc. Reducing PAPR degrades bit error rate (BER) or computational complexity. PTS is one of the best methods of PAPR reduction. There is large scope of betterment of PTS to get a best PAPR reduction technique. In this paper we have concentrated on PTS scheme by exploring PTS and its variants evolved over a period of time. We proposed a novel PTS with best performance balancing PAPR and BER performance. Design and development of scheme is done using a graphical programming environment LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) and real time environment validation is done with software defined radio – NIUSRP2922, which is National Instruments Universal Software Radio Peripheral. The paper has three sections in first section, Introduction, the OFDM fundamentals and PAPR are defined in design perspective, in second section conventional and proposed PTS schemes have been explained. The third section consists of result and conclusion

scholarly journals Shaping Code in Conjunction with DCT for PAPR Reduction in Multicarrier System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Aimer ◽  
Boubakar Seddik Bouazza ◽  
Smail Bachir ◽  
Claude Duvanaud
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Multicarrier System ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract Nonlinear behavior and power efficiency of the power amplifier (PA) depend in a contradictory way on the input signal amplitude distribution. The transmitted signal in multi-carrier modulation exhibits high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and large bandwidths, leading to the degradation of the radio link and the generation of additional out-of-band interferences, which degrade the quality of the transmission. Practical solutions exist, like a power back-off, but with unacceptable cost-efficient conditions at the transmitter. This paper deals with efficiency improvement using a new PAPR reduction method based on the combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and shaping technique. The main principle is to determine an optimal coding scheme according to a trade-off between efficiency performances and coding complexity. Simulation and experimental results in the context of OFDM Signal and in presence of a 20 W - 3,7 GHz RF-PA show an improvement on PAPR reduction of about 3,25 dB. Also, the communication criteria like BER (Bit Error Rate) and EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) are improved of about 2 decades and 8 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Suppressing the OFDM CFO-Caused Constellation Symbol Phase Deviation by PAPR Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Lipovac ◽  
Vlatko Lipovac ◽  
Pamela Njemčević
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Carrier Frequency Offset ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Intercarrier Interference ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Error Performance ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Phase Deviation

The well-known major drawbacks of the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM), namely, the transmitter versus receiver Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), and the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted OFDM signal, may degrade the error performance, by causing Intercarrier Interference (ICI), as well as in-band distortion and adjacent channel interference, respectively. Moreover, in spite of the utmost care given to CFO estimation and compensation in OFDM wireless systems, such as wireless local networks or the mobile radio systems of the fourth generation, e.g., the Long-Term Evolution (LTE), still some residual CFO remains. With this regard, though so far the CFO and the PAPR have been treated independently, in this paper, we develop an Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) based analytical model for the CFO-induced constellation symbol phase distortion, which essentially reveals that the maximal CFO-caused squared phase deviation is linear with the instantaneous (per-OFDM-symbol) PAPR. This implies that any PAPR reduction technique, such as simple clipping or coding, indirectly suppresses the CFO-induced phase deviation, too. The analytically achieved results and conclusions are tested and successfully verified by conducted Monte Carlo simulations.

scholarly journals PAPR Reduction in UFMC for 5G Cellular Systems

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. Al-Rayif ◽  
Hussein E. Seleem ◽  
Amr M. Ragheb ◽  
Saleh A. Alshebeili
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Distortion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Selective Mapping ◽  
Vector Magnitude

Universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) is a potential multi-carrier system for future cellular networks. UFMC provides low latency, frequency offset robustness, and reduced out-of-band (OOB) emission that results in better spectral efficiency. However, UFMC suffers from the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which might impact the function of high power amplifiers causing a nonlinear distortion. We propose a comparative probabilistic PAPR reduction technique, called the decomposed selective mapping approach, to alleviate PAPR in UFMC systems. The concept of this proposal depends on decomposing the complex symbol into real and imaginary parts, and then converting each part to a number of different phase vectors prior to the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation. The IFFT copy, which introduces the lowest PAPR, is considered for transmission. Results obtained using theoretical analysis and simulations show that the proposed approach can significantly enhance the performance of the UFMC system in terms of PAPR reduction. Besides, it maintains the OOB emission with candidate bit error rate and error vector magnitude performances.

scholarly journals Context-Based Dynamic Meshed Backhaul Construction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Tran ◽  
Ricardo Santos ◽  
Hiroaki Ogawa ◽  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Kei Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Dynamic Formation

Five-G heterogeneous network overlaid by millimeter-wave (mmWave) access employs mmWave meshed backhauling as a promising cost-efficient backhaul architecture. Due to the nature of mobile traffic distribution in practice which is both time-variant and spatially non-uniform, dynamic construction of mmWave meshed backhaul is a prerequisite to support the varying traffic distribution. Focusing on such scenario of outdoor dynamic crowd (ODC), this paper proposes a novel method to control mmWave meshed backhaul for efficient operation of mmWave overlay 5G HetNet through Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology. Our algorithm is featured by two functionalities, i.e., backhauling route multiplexing for overloaded mmWave small cell base stations (SC-BSs) and mmWave SC-BSs’ ON/OFF status switching for underloaded spot. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed meshed network is confirmed by both numerical analyses and experimental results. Simulations are conducted over a practical user distribution modeled from measured data in realistic environments. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can cope with the locally intensive traffic and reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, a WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance certified) device based testbed is developed for Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and preliminary measurement results confirm the proposed dynamic formation of the meshed network’s efficiency.

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