scholarly journals Genetic variability of wheat germplasm represented in the south Pannonian region

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-842
Author(s):  
Ivana Rukavina ◽  
Sonja Petrovic ◽  
Tihomir Cupic ◽  
Sonja Vila ◽  
Suncica Guberac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In this study, genetic variability was investigated among 50 winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) which are grown in parts of Croatia, Hungary, Serbia and Slovenia according to 22 morphological characteristics used for DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) testing. The average Dice similarity coefficient was 0.371. The determined similarity coefficient was in range 0.083 - 0.776. A significant variability of 6.21% in the breeding programs according to period was determined as well as significant variability of 3.10% between breeding programs. The UPGMA clustering divided investigated varieties into four main clusters. Based on data analysis, most distant varieties with best morphological characteristics were found which will provide valuable resource of new parent's combinations in future breeding programs. This paper also provided valuable assessment of morphological characteristics to define distinctness criteria in the DUS examination of wheat.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of the storage protein loci in the european winter common wheat varieties licensed for growing in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
T. O. Sobko ◽  
G. M. Lisova ◽  
L. V. Sirant
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hmw Glutenin ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate genetic variability of storage protein loci in European common winter wheat varieties licensed for growing in Ukraine in 2018 year. Methods. SDS and APAG electrophoresis were used to identify genotypes at the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin loci Glu-1 and gliadin loci Gli-1. Results. Genotypes at the gliadin loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1 and HMW glutenin loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 were identified in 48 winter common wheat varieties. A total of twenty gliadin alleles (including 10 at the Gli-A1, 4 at the Gli-B1, 6 at the Gli-D1 loci) and eleven HMW-GS alleles (including 3 at the Glu-A1, 5 at the Glu-B1, 3 at the Glu-D1 loci) were revealed. Differences in frequencies of alleles at storage protein loci were established. Conclusions. The high level of allelic variation was observed at the Gli-1 and Glu-1 loci in European common winter wheat varieties. Predominant alleles were revealed: Gli-A1о, Gli-A1а, Gli-A1f, Gli-B1f, Gli-D1b, Gli-D1d, Glu-А1c, Glu-А1a, Glu-B1с, Glu-B1d, Glu-D1d, Glu-D1a. Differences in frequencies of alleles at the storage protein loci between European and Ukrainian common winter wheat varieties were found. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., winter wheat, storage protein, alleles.

scholarly journals EMS Derived Wheat Mutant BIG8-1 (Triticum aestivum L.)—A New Drought Tolerant Mutant Wheat Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5314
Author(s):  
Marlon-Schylor L. le Roux ◽  
Nicolas Francois V. Burger ◽  
Maré Vlok ◽  
Karl J. Kunert ◽  
Christopher A. Cullis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought response in wheat is considered a highly complex process, since it is a multigenic trait; nevertheless, breeding programs are continuously searching for new wheat varieties with characteristics for drought tolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a mutant known as RYNO3936 that could survive 14 days without water. In this study, we reveal another mutant known as BIG8-1 that can endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics. Phenotypically, the mutant plants had broader leaves, including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that was not visible in the WT parent plants. During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content. It was only during moderate (day 14) and severe (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those variables was evident. Furthermore, the mutant plants also displayed a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirmed by assessing the accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase). Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO during water deficit stress. The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1 and Calnexin-like protein. However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and xylanase inhibitor protein, which are involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively. This study characterizes a new mutant BIG8-1 with drought-tolerant characteristics suited for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Forming of productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) subject to phyto-virus pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 0 (1(7)) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
В. П. Петренкова ◽  
І. М. Черняева ◽  
Т. Ю. Маркова ◽  
Н. І. Рябчун ◽  
О. О. Ісаєнко
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P < 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P < 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P < 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P > 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P < 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

scholarly journals Research into the influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the allelic state of Vrn genes and development rates of Triticum aestivum L.

Biologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga O. Avksentiieva ◽  
Victoriia V. Shulik ◽  
Nataliya Yu. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the allelic state of the Vrn genes and development rates of two winter wheat varieties, Mironovskaya 808 and Olvia, was investigated. Vernalization was carried out during 45 days at the temperature 4 ± 1°С under different conditions of trophic support. Whole seeds with endosperm and isolated buds, with added water and 3% solution of sucrose, were vernalized. The allelic state of the Vrn genes was identified by PCR using allele-specific primers on the sprouts at different phases of vernalization – 15, 30, and 45 days. Phenological observations were carried out by determining of the transition to the generative development of wheat plants, cultivated from the vernalized sprouts. According to the results obtained, it was established that the recessive state of the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 was unchanged in all variants of the two winter wheat varieties on the 15th and 30th days of vernalization. After 45 days of vernalization, the recessive and dominant alleles in sprouts, vernalized under normal trophic conditions and with added 3% solution of sucrose, were detected at the Vrn-B1. All variants of wheat plants grown from vernalized sprouts under contrasting trophic conditions were transferred to the generative phase, but at different times. It could indicate an epigenetic regulation vernalization process. It was established that different trophic conditions during vernalization affected the changes of the allelic state of the Vrn-B1 gene and determined the transition to the generative development of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Organic and Conventional Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Wholemeal

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-448
Author(s):  
Ingrīda Augšpole ◽  
Anda Liniņa ◽  
Ingmārs Cinkmanis ◽  
Sanita Vucāne
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Catechin Hydrate ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Winter wheat wholemeal is an important component of the human diet and may be a significant source of antioxidants. The objective of this study was to determine individual phenolic compounds in five winter wheat varieties: ‘Fredis’, ‘Edvins’, ‘94-5-N’, ‘Skagen’, and ‘SW Magnific’ wholemeal, grown according to organic and conventional agricultural practices. Ten phenolic compounds (vanilin, rutin, catechin hydrate, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, 3.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, trans (3)-hydroxycinnamic acid, and gallic acid) were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (Schimadzu Prominence HPLC). Catechin hydrate and quercetin were the main phenolic compounds in the grain of all tested winter wheat varieties. Significant differences (p < 0.05) among the analysed winter wheat cultivars in the concentration of individual phenolic compounds were observed. Concentrations of vanillin in organic and conventional winter wheat wholemeal were significantly lower (0.28 ± 0.02 to 0.65 ± 0.04 µg·g−1 DW), although the differences in the levels of phenolic were not large. The obtained results showed a statistically significant trend (p < 0.05) towards higher levels of phenolic compounds in organic wheat wholemeal samples.

scholarly journals Impact of cultivation technologies on yield and grain quality of winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. in Moscow region

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Nazih Y. Rebouh ◽  
Petr M. Polityko ◽  
Vladimir N. Kapranov ◽  
Viktor N. Fedorischev ◽  
Nina J. Garmasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The current study is aimed at evaluating the reaction of winter wheat varieties according to cultivation technologies at a different level of intensity i.e. basic, intensive and high intensive. The cultivation technologies included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. The experiment was established in order to determine the optimum conditions of winter wheat cultivation. Three winter wheat varieties were studied: Moskovskaya 40 (V1), Nemchinovskaya 17 (V2) and Nemchinovskaya 85 (V3). Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein and gluten content) were determined according to the tested cultivation technologies. The results showed that the cultivation technology affected grain wheat productivity and quality on all varieties studied, since the highest yields were obtained using high intensive cultivation technology for all varieties studied, Moskovskaya 40 - 9.65 t/h, Nemchinovskaya 17 - 8.58 t/h and Nemchinovskaya 85 - 9.87 t/h. However, according to the basic technology, the yield was lower by 2064 %. The tested cultivation technologies demonstrated that high intensive cultivation technology increased wheat quality. The highest protein content (18 %) was recorded in Nemchinovskaya 85 variety. The present results give real opportunities for a largescale application of the tested cultivation technologies in different agricultural lands of Russia.

scholarly journals The study of indices of the relative and absolute protein percentage in the winter bread wheat grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
O A Nekrasova ◽  
N S Kravchenko ◽  
E I Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the relative and absolute protein content in winter wheat grains, to determine the samples that have the maximum values of the studied traits, and to use the selected genotypes in breeding programs. The trials of the winter bread wheat varieties, sown after maize for grain were carried out in 2018-2020. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current research established that when selecting parental varieties for crossing to improve grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties, there should be chosen the forms with the highest relative and absolute protein percentage in grain. These genotypes include Don 107, Ermak and Lidiya, whose relative protein percentage in grain was 12.96%, 13.01% and 13.06% respectively. The varieties Don 107, Ermak, Lidiya, Volnitsa and Zhavoronok were characterized by the maximum absolute protein percentage in grain with 5.43 g, 5.62 g, 5.57 g, 5.56 g and 5.54 g respectively. The 1000 grain weight of these varieties averaged 42.1 g (Don 107), 43.6 g (Ermak), 43.1 g (Lidiya), 43.5 g (Volnitsa) and 44.5 g (Zhavoronok).

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