scholarly journals Line × tester analysis for growth and biomass characteristics of Salix

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Sapna Thakur ◽  
N.B. Singh ◽  
Sanjeev Thakur ◽  
J.P. Sharma ◽  
R.K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Salix Spp

Line ? tester analysis was carried out in willows (Salix spp.) to determine the genetic interaction in the expression of various quantitative characters related to productivity. Combining ability revealed that the estimates of GCA variance (?2 GCA) were more than the SCA variance (?2 SCA) for all the characters studied. Later the gene action study revealed that additive variance was observed more than the dominance variance for all the parameters studied. The proportional contribution of lines were higher than individual contribution of testers or line ? tester interaction except for fresh root weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight and total dry weight where the contribution of interactions was more. Line PN 227 and tester Austree and J 795 were found to be good general combiners and thus appeared to be worthy of exploiting in Salix improvement through breeding and recurrent selection followed by cloning for developing commercial superior clones. On the basis of mean performance and significant desirable SCA effects, the combinations PN 227 ? Austree, PN 227 ? NZ 1140 and J 799 ? Austree were found to be the most promising families for growth and biomass characters and are recommended for within family selections followed by heterotic breeding.

Performance After Planting of Four Types of Container-grown Lodgepole Pine Seedlings

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Endean ◽  
D. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Environment Experiment

Four types of container-grown lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings differing in age and rearing regime were transplanted into a controlled laboratory environment and into the field. After 12 weeks, seedlings were excavated and stem length and dry weight of shoot and roots were measured, these and derived parameters were compared with values obtained at the time of planting. Survival was uniformly high, the largest seedlings prior to planting performed best under all conditions. In the controlled environment experiment, initial shoot weight, total weight, and ratio of shoot weight/shoot length were significantly correlated with final root weight, an important factor in initial establishment; in addition shoot and total weight increment were significantly and positively correlated with initial shoot/root ratio. In the field no overall significant correlations were obtained. Shoot/root ratio decreased slightly in the controlled environment and significantly in the field after outplanting. Results suggest that the largest plant which can be grown and planted economically shows largest increment and achieves largest final total dry weight and root dry weight in the first growing season after outplanting. The need for a physiological rather than morphological grading of seedlings is stressed.

scholarly journals Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Flor Hernandez ◽  
Rosalinda Villarreal ◽  
Valentin Torres ◽  
Adrien Gallou
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

Effectiveness of recurrent selection of white clover (Trifolium repens) for resistance to New Zealand populations of clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii)

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris F. Mercer ◽  
John Van Den Bosch ◽  
Kylie J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Nematode Development ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Selections of white clover resistant or susceptible to Heterodera trifolii in earlier rounds of a recurrent selection programme were intercrossed and selected in three further rounds of selection. Resistance and susceptibility were measured by comparisons of cysts per gram of root dry weight (cpg). In the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of recurrent selection, the mean cpg of progenies from resistant parents was 23% (n = 974), 6% (n = 870) and 11% (n = 98) of that of progenies from susceptible parents. In each selection round, the resistant selections had 31, 4 and 7% of the number of cysts on susceptible selections. The percentages of immune plants (i.e. with 0 cysts) in the resistant groups were 1, 39, and 50% after the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of recurrent selection, respectively. Inoculum from 16 populations of H. trifolii from around New Zealand was added to two resistant and two susceptible white clover lines. After one generation of nematode development there were fewer cysts on the resistant lines for each population tested. Two resistant and two susceptible lines were compared in a glasshouse trial for their reaction to parasitism by H. trifolii . Infection reduced the shoot weight of all four lines but resistant lines grew better than either one or both susceptible lines at 109, 126, and 160 days after inoculation. In contrast, the uninfected lines did not differ in shoot weight over five samplings. More cysts were recovered from susceptible lines (means of 370 and 430 cysts per plant) than from resistant lines (means of 41 and 56 cysts per plant). Results indicate that development of a white clover cultivar resistant to H. trifolii is achievable and that the resistance will be effective against the nematode in most of New Zealand. The growth study indicated that advantages will be conferred in pastures where the presence of H. trifolii causes major limitations to white clover growth and persistence. Zusammenfassung- Die Wirksamkeit einer mehrfach wiederholten Selektion von Weissklee (Trifolium repens) auf Resistenz gegen das Kleezystenalchen (Heterodera trifolii)- In einem fruheren Selektionsprogramm gegen Heterodera trifolii resistente oder anfallige Weisskleeselektionen wurden gekreuzt und in weiteren Selektionsrunden selektiert. Resistenz und Anfalligkeit wurden durch Vergleich der Anzahl der Zysten je Gramm Wurzeltrockengewicht (cpg) bestimmt. In der dritten, vierten und funften Runde der Wiederholungsselektion betrugen die cpg-Werte bei Nachkommen von resistenten Eltern 23% (n = 974), 6% (n = 870) und 11% (n = 98) der Werte bei Nachkommen anfalliger Eltern. In jeder der Selektionsrunden hatten die resistenten Selektionen nur 31, 4 und 7% der Zystenzahlen an den anfalligen Selektionen. Nach der dritten, vierten bzw. funften Selektionsrunde betrugen die Anteile immuner Pflanzen (d.h. mit 0 Zysten) 1, 39 bzw. 50%. Das Inoculum von 16 Populationen aus ganz Neuseeland wurde an zwei resistente und zwei anfallige Weisskleelinien gegeben. Nach einer Generation der Nematodenentwicklung waren an den resistenten Linien bei jeder der untersuchten Populationen weniger Zysten. Die Reaktion von zwei resistenten und zwei anfalligen Linien auf einen Befall mit H. trifolii wurde in einem Gewachshausversuch gepruft. Der Befall verringerte das Sprossgewicht aller vier Linien, doch wuchsen die resistenten Linien nach 109, 126 und 160 Tagen besser als die beiden anfalligen Linien. Im Gegensatz dazu unterschieden sich die Linien bei Nichtbefall bei funf Probenahmen im Sprossgewicht nicht voneinander. An den anfalligen Pflanzen wurden mehr Zysten gefunden (im Mittel 370 und 430 je Pflanze) als an den resistenten Pflanzen (im Mittel 41 und 56 je Pflanze). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Entwicklung einer gegen H. trifolii resistenten Weisskleesorte erreichbar ist, und dass diese Resistenz gegen die Nematoden im grossten Teil Neuseelands wirksam sein wird. Die Wachstumsuntersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Vorteile besonders auf solchen Weideflachen deutlich werden, wo die Anwesenheit von H. trifolii erhebliche Einschrankungen des Wachstums und des Uberdauerns von Weissklee verursacht.

scholarly journals Increasing Cell Size and Reducing Medium Compression Enhance Lettuce Transplant Quality and Field Production

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Root

`South Bay' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse during winter, spring, and fall to investigate the effect of cell size and medium compression on transplant quality and yield. Four Speedling planter flats (1.9-, 10.9-, 19.3-, 39.7-cm3 cells) and two medium compression levels [noncompressed and compressed (1.5 times in weight)] were tested. The two larger cell sizes and compression of the medium led to increased plant shoot growth. Conversely, root weight ratio [RWR = (final root dry weight ÷ final total dry weight + initial root dry weight ÷ initial total dry weight) ÷ 2] was highest with the smaller cells without medium compression. Lettuce transplants were field-grown on sand and muck soils. The larger cells delayed harvest by >2 weeks for plants grown on muck soil, but yield was unaffected. When grown on sandy soil, earliness was enhanced from plants grown in 19- and 40-cm3 cells, but head weights were not affected in the spring planting. In fall, heads were heavier for plants grown in 11-, 19-, or 40-cm3 cells compared with those from 2-cm3 cells. On sandy soil, harvest was delayed 13 days in spring and 16 days in fall for plants grown in the smallest cell size. Using the two smaller cell sizes saved medium and space in the greenhouse and increased the root growth ratio, but it led to reduced plant growth compared to using the bigger cells. Yield and earliness were more related to season and soil type than to transplant quality. On sandy soil, plants grown in 2- and 11-cm3 cells matured later, and yield was significantly decreased (8.6%) in fall by using plants from the 2-cm3 cells compared to the other sizes. From our results, compressing the medium in the cells was not justified because it is more costly and did not benefit yield in the field.

scholarly journals Fertilizer, Irrigation and Root Ball Slicing Affects Burford Holly Growth after Planting

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Thomas H. Yeager ◽  
Diane Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Shoot Weight

Abstract Dwarf burford holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii Nana’) fertilized with 22.1 g N/container/yr of nitrogen during production in the nursery generated more new shoot weight but less root weight after transplanting to a landscape than those receiving 14.8 g N/container/yr. Slicing the root ball at planting, compared to not slicing, resulted in comparable regenerated root weight but reduced new shoot number, new shoot dry weight and new shoot:regenerated root dry weight ratio when irrigation was not applied daily after transplanting. Although irrigation frequency did not impact total weight of regenerated roots into landscape soil, more roots grew from the bottom half of the root ball when plants were irrigated periodically after planting than when plants received daily irrigation. Plants irrigated other than daily produced fewer shoots and less shoot weight than those receiving irrigation daily after transplanting. When plants were without irrigation for 4 or 6 days in the first week after transplanting, those planted without the nursery container on the root ball were more stressed (more negative xylem potential) than those planted with the container still on the root ball. However, two weeks later, plants without the nursery container were less stressed due to root growth into landscape soil.

scholarly journals NUTRITION IN THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SEEDLINGS OF THE BRAZIL NUT (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) IN NORTHERN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Oscar josé Smiderle
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is fast-growing, and can be used in reforestation. However, the use of the species in reforestation is still uncommon, mainly due to production costs, with substrate and fertiliser being the most-costly components. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and quality in seedlings of the Brazil nut both with and without nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme: treatments with and without the addition of nutrient solution and 10 evaluations at intervals of 45 days. The variables to be analysed were height, stem diameter, dry shoot weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and the Dickson quality index. When analysing shoot dry weight (SDW), a gain of 85% was found from adding the nutrient solution, compared to the absence of nutrient solution, whereas for the variable, root-system dry weight, (RDW) the gain was 43%. The addition of nutrient solution is suggested for accelerating the growth and development of high-quality seedlings of Bertholletia excelsa for commercial use.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND NITROGEN ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS OF JACK PINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Giertych ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Winter Buds ◽  
Active Root

Nine seed lots of Pinus banksiana Lamb. and one of P. contorta var. latifolia Engelm. were grown for 115 days on five nitrogen levels and two photoperiods. The nitrogen levels were: zero N—no nitrogen, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], 1N—203 p.p.m., and 2N—406 p.p.m. The two photoperiods were a long-night photoperiod (10-hour day) and a broken-night photoperiod (9.5-hour day followed by 0.5-hour light break in the middle of the dark period). The plants, five per vessel, were analyzed for their response to treatments in terms of growth, development, and nitrogen content.(1) The breaking of the night doubled the height, total dry weight, and leaf weight and increased root weight and nitrogen absorption, but it lowered the number of fresh, active root tips, the proportion of the plant in root tissue, and the nitrogen concentration, inhibited production of secondary leaves, and delayed winter bud formation.(2) The increase in nitrogen level in the medium lowered the percentage of fresh, active root tips, the proportion of the plant in root tissue, and the production of winter buds; it increased the content and concentration of nitrogen in the plants. Up to a certain maximum (about [Formula: see text]), it increased the dry weight and height of the plants.(3) The interrelation of growth and developmental stimuli is discussed. It is suggested that growth is an important factor in controlling development.

Compensatory responses of late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) and rice to resource limitations

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Albert J. Fischer ◽  
Theodore C. Foin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The development of optimal weed management strategies that rely, in part, on crop interference will require an understanding of how weeds compensate for limitations in above- and belowground resources. Trade-offs in the leaf morphology and biomass partitioning of rice and late watergrass were investigated under glasshouse conditions in 1999 and 2000. Both species responded to shade with increased height, reduced biomass, greater partitioning of biomass to leaves, and greater leaf area ratios. At the lowest light level (18% sunlight), plants of both species showed little response to nitrogen (N). However, height, tillers, biomass, and leaf area increased for plants grown at 50% and full sunlight as N increased from 0 to 224 kg N ha−1. Late watergrass exhibited more plasticity in specific leaf area and root weight ratio than rice in response to shade. This plasticity contributed to the ability of late watergrass to maintain a higher percent of its tillers and total dry weight than rice when sunlight was reduced by 50%. These results support the hypothesis that except at low light levels, limited N further reduces the growth of shaded late watergrass plants. Thus, weed management strategies that limit the plasticity of late watergrass by manipulating light and N availability are likely to be more effective than strategies that rely on manipulating a single resource.

scholarly journals Cold Tolerance Evaluation in a Diallel among Open-pollinated Sweet Corn Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Revilla ◽  
J.R. Hotchkiss ◽  
W.F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Weight

Many sweet corn hybrids germinate poorly and have low seedling vigor in cold soils. Sources of cold tolerance and an understanding of its inheritance would benefit sweet corn production. Our objective was to determine the genetics of cold tolerance among open-pollinated progenitors of modern sweet corn. Six open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars were used as parents of a diallel. The 15 crosses plus reciprocals, parents, and checks were evaluated in cold chambers. Growing conditions were 14 hours with light at 14 °C, and 10 hours without light at 10 °C. Days to emergence, percent emergence, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were recorded. The experiment was repeated in the greenhouse under warm conditions. Variation for cold tolerance was present among the crosses and cultivars. The variation was primarily due to general combining ability (GCA) effects, with specific combining ability (SCA) effects and reciprocal effects being significant for seedling dry mater. `Howling Mob' had significant favorable GCAs for all cold tolerance traits and resulted in the most cold-tolerant hybrids. `Country Gentleman' and `Stowell's Evergreen' were the slowest emerging parents. Days to emergence under cold conditions was not correlated to days to emergence under warm conditions. The correlations between root weight (cold) and root weight (warm) and shoot weight (cold) and shoot weight (warm) were significant, positive, and relatively large. In this material it appears that seedling vigor under warm conditions could be used to predict seedling size under cold conditions.

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