scholarly journals Effect of gamma radiation on morphological and genetic variation in regenerated plantlets Catharanthus roseus L. (G) Don

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Zahra Noormohammadi ◽  
Narges Asghari-Mooneghi ◽  
Farah Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

Catharanthus roseus L. (G) Don, commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle, is an important medicinal plant receiving much attention from researchers. This plant is a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The gamma radiation and somaclonal variation may provide suitable methods for genetic changes to increase medicinal components of C. roseus. In the present study, 30 and 60 (Gy) gamma rays were irradiated on seeds. C. roseus seeds were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in three different groups, 0 Gy (control) 30, and 60 Gy gamma irradiations. Morphological characteristics of regenerated plantlets were measured for surface area of leaves, stem length, root length, and fresh weight. The genetic variations were evaluated using nine inter-simple sequence repeats and 25 sequences related amplified polymorphism markers. Morphological results showed a significant difference between studied groups in leaf surface and twisted leaf in 60 Gy irradiated plantlets. The analysis of molecular variance revealed the significant genetic difference among groups. STRUCTURE analysis showed genetic variability both within and among groups. Using the NJ tree analysis, the plants studied were categorized into three distinct groups, which were supported by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). In conclusion, gamma irradiation produced morphological and genetic changes in C. roseus regenerated in vitro plantlets providing to be a suitable method for further mutation breeding in periwinkle.

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Implants Coated with Radiation-Crosslinked Collagen on Stability and Osseointegration in Rat Tibia

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Bin Bae ◽  
Ji-Hyun Yoo ◽  
Sung-In Jeong ◽  
Min-Su Kim ◽  
Youn-Mook Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate the titanium (Ti) implants coated with collagen type Ⅰ crosslinked using gamma-irrigation or glutaraldehyde (GA). The in vitro surface observations, quantification assay, and cell studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were conducted. For in vivo experiments, the implants were divided into three groups and inserted into the rat tibias: control group (non-treated Ti implant), GA group (Ti implants coated with GA-crosslinked collagen) and 25 kGy group (Ti implants coated with gamma-radiation-crosslinked collagen at dose of 25 kGy). The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks after implantation and the tissue sections were obtained. New bone volume (mm3) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %) within the region of interest (ROI) was measured. The in vitro results showed the highest osteogenic differentiation and levels of osteogenesis-related gene expressions in the 25 kGy group without cytotoxicity. The new bone volume of GA group was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). In the result of the BIC, the 25 kGy group was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups. Within the limitations of this study, Ti implant coated with gamma-radiation-crosslinked collagen has potential utility without side effects from chemical agents.

scholarly journals Effect of water stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 on the somatic embryos conversion into whole plantlets in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Tokpapon Eliane Manlé ◽  
Kan Modeste Kouassi ◽  
Brahima André Soumahoro ◽  
Tchoa Koné ◽  
Kouablan Edmond Koffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Rainfall scarcity due to climate change is a major constraint that limits cocoa productivity in Côte d'Ivoire. This work aims to regenerate cocoa plants tolerant to water stress using in vitro methods. Staminode and petal explants of the genotypes C1, C9, C14, C15, C16, C18 and C20 were used to produce somatic embryos through two methods. Firstly, somatic embryos were induced under stressfull conditions on media containing different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 g/l) and secondly; under non-stressed conditions. Somatic embryos were placed on a conversion medium in the same stress condition. The number of regenerants decreased with the increase in the concentration of PEG with all genotypes. Only genotypes C1 and C15 regenerated plantlets under water stress conditions. The sensitive genotypes C9, C14, C16, C18 and C20 have not developed plantlets on media containing PEG. The plantlets produced under water deficit conditions exhibited a reduction in stem length and leaves number and an increase in length or offset of the high number of roots. The survival rate of regenerants during acclimatization was higher on the sandsubstrate. The selected genotypes could be used in an improvement program of cocoa production.Keywords: Climate change; plant regeneration; genotype; tolerance; drought; in vitro

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Acellular Collagen Matrices Derived from Porcine Pericardium: Influence of the Sterilization Method on Its Biological Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6255
Author(s):  
Rone Aparecido De Grandis ◽  
Larissa Natiele Miotto ◽  
Luis Eduardo Genaro ◽  
Larissa Migliatti Polli ◽  
Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
Sterilization Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Porcine Pericardium

The aim of this study were characterize acellular collagen matrices derived from porcine pericardium (PP) and to evaluate their properties after sterilization by ethylene oxide and gamma ray. PP matrices were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis (AH), and samples were characterized for biological stability, membrane thickness measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, the matrices were frozen, lyophilized and sterilized by ethylene oxide or gamma radiation. For in vitro assays, CHO-K1 cell culture was used and evaluated for cytotoxicity, clonogenic survival assay, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by Dunnett’s post-test, with a significance level of 5%. After AH, there was no significant change in matrix thickness. The relative biodegradability of the material after implantation was observed. Morphology and dimensions had small changes after AH. As for cell viability, none of the tested matrices showed a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05; Dunnett) regardless of the sterilization method. Furthermore, it was found that PP matrices did not interfere with the proliferation capacity of CHO-K1 cells (p > 0.05; Dunnett). As for genotoxicity, when sterilized with ethylene oxide (NP, P12 and P24), it showed genotoxic potential, but it was not genotoxic when sterilized by gamma radiation. No mutagenic effects were observed in either group. PP-derived collagen matrices hydrolyzed at different times were not cytotoxic. It is concluded that the best method of sterilization is through gamma radiation, since no significant changes were observed in the properties of the PP matrices.

scholarly journals Polyploidy induction in Physalis alkekengi

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo C Santos ◽  
Felipe P Cardoso ◽  
Adalvan Daniel Martins ◽  
Filipe A Rodrigues ◽  
Moacir Pasqual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference

Physalis alkekengi is an ornamental plant that can also be used as a medicinal plant due to its anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antitumor and fungicidal properties. Polyploidization can be an important tool in the genetic improvement of this species. The objective this work was to obtain tetraploids in vitro and to evaluate the phytotechnical traits of P. alkekengi. For this, nodal segments of P. alkekengi var. Franchettii were inoculated into petri dishes containing 100 ml of MS medium supplemented with colchicine at concentrations 0; 0.04; 0.08; 0.12; and 0.16% and kept in the dark for 24 and 48h. After the respective treatment periods with colchicine the segments were inoculated into test tubes. The tetraploids were identified by flow cytometry and classical cytogenetics. In vitro seedlings were measured: root length, nodal segment length, leaflet number and total leaf area. In the acclimatization phase, the area of ​​the second leaf and total leaf, petiole radius, stem length, fruit weight with calyx, without calyx, fruit diameter, number of seeds and brix of the pulp were evaluated. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, total chlorophyll / total carotenoid ratio and chlorophyll a / b ratio were also estimated. The treatment that most produced tetraploid seedlings was with 0.08% colchicine per 24h. No significant difference was observed in 7 (seven) variables, these being all variables of photopigments, stem diameter (steam) and brix. In general, diploid (2x) plants were better in 9 (nine) while tetraploid seedlings were better in 6 (six) of the phytotechnical variables. It was concluded that the MS medium supplemented with 0.08% colchicine for 24 h allowed P. alkekengi tetraploides to be obtained with better phytotechnical qualities.

scholarly journals Short Communication: The impact of Gamma radiation on Tdc and Str gene expressions in Catharanthus roseus regenerated plantlets

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1805-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHRA NOORMOHAMMADI ◽  
MARYAM TABAN ◽  
FARAH FARAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Tryptophan Decarboxylase ◽  
Strictosidine Synthase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

Noormohammadi Z, Taban M, Farahani F. 2018. Short Communication: The impact of Gamma radiation on Tdc and Str gene expressions in Catharanthus roseus regenerated plantlets. Biodiversitas 19: 1805-1810. Catharanthus roseus L.G. Don, is the essential medicinal plant with considerable attention. This plant is a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The main alkaloids in C. roseus are vinblastine, vincristine, and ajmalicine. The tryptophan decarboxylase (Tdc) and Strictosidine synthase (Str) are key enzymes in TIA biosynthesis. In the present study, Tdc and Str gene expressions, as well as vinblastine production were evaluated in tissue culture regenerated plantlets in 4 groups; control, 60 Gy irradiation, 50 mg/L putrescine and 60 Gy irradiation + 50mg/L putrescine treatments. The results revealed significant increase in Tdc and Str gene expressions in 60 Gy irradiation + 50mg/L putrescine treated plantlets in comparison with control samples by using qPCR methods. HPLC analysis showed a higher amount of vinblastine in 60 Gy + 59 mg/L putrescine treated plantlets. Gamma radiation and putrescine as elicitor and polyamine, respectively, are able to improve vinblastine production in C. roseus.

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization and evaluation of moisturizing and UV protecting effects of topical solid lipid nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Golmohammadzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Mokhtari ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were recently proposed as carriers for various pharmaceutical and cosmetic actives. These lipid nanoparticles can act as moisturizers and physical sunscreens on their own. Therefore, the full potential of these carriers has yet to be determined. The present study was aimed to determine and compare moisturizing and UV-protecting effects of different solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) prepared by different solid lipids including Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), Precirol® (P) and cetyl palmitate (CP) as carrier systems of moisturizers and sunscreens. The influence of the size and matrix crystallinity of the solid lipids on the occlusive factor, skin hydration and UV-protection were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. The SLN were prepared by high-shear homogenization and ultrasound methods. Size, zeta potential and morphological characteristics of the samples were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermotropic properties with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Results of the assessments showed that SLN-CP significantly increases skin hydration and UV-protection, compared to SLN-GMS and SLN-P. It was demonstrated that the size of SLN, crystallinity index of solid lipid in SLN and probably other mechanisms besides the occlusive factor can influence skin hydration and UV-protection indices. Furthermore, findings of the assessments demonstrated significant difference between in vitro and in vivo assessments regarding occlusive factor and moisturizing effects. Findings of the present study indicate that the SLN-CP could be a promising carrier for sunscreens and moisturizers.

scholarly journals Effect of 2,4-D and BAP on Morphological Characters and Genetic Stability of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Callus Cultures Among Generations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung ◽  
Asti Fitri Widyasari ◽  
Agnes Iskandar ◽  
Alisa Julia Nurulita ◽  
Aries Bagus Sasongko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Kaffir lime has medicinal properties for the treatment of many diseases. We used in vitro culture techniques to maintain quality and increase the production of active compounds in kaffir lime. The objective of this study is to determine the phenotype and genotype of kaffir lime callus cultures grown on media with the addition of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) and Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on three generations (G0, G1, and G2). The callus was induced and subcultured on Murashige and Skoog medium added with 2,4-D: BAP at concentrations of 1:0.5; 2:0 and 5:0. Results showed no significant difference in callus initiation time in all treatment groups. Morphological characteristics, including color, texture, and biomass, varied among growth regulator concentrations and generation level. A high level of callus generation corresponds to a more friable texture and a more yellowish callus. Callus grown with the addition of 2,4-D and BAP 2:0 and 5:0 showed a more friable structure and yellowish color than 1:0.5. Growth regulator concentrations in each generation did not affect the callus growth curves, but the length of each phase between generations was different. The exponential phases of G1 and G2 were faster than that of G0. Despite slight differences in phenotype, the DNA profiles of callus suggest the same pattern between treatment groups, thereby indicating that our kaffir lime callus has genetic stability and that the callus can be used as raw material for medicinal purposes. Keywords: ISSR markers, Kaffir lime callus, Generations, Genotype, Growth factor, Phenotype

The discovery of the vinca alkaloids—chemotherapeutic agents against cancer

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
The Subject

In folklore medicine, extracts of the leaves of the subtropical plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (sometimes known as Madagascar periwinkle) were reputed to be useful in the treatment of diabetes. This review describes how attempts to verify the antidiabetic properties of the extracts led instead to the discovery and isolation of two complex indole alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, which are used in the clinical treatment of a variety of cancers. The two alkaloids, although structurally almost identical, nevertheless differ markedly in the type of tumors that they affect and in their toxic properties. These and related alkaloids have been the subject of many pharmacological and biochemical investigations both in vivo and in vitro in the search for improved cancer treatments. A model system used in these studies, a transplantable lymphoma in Noble strain rats designated Nb2 node, has serendipitously led to the development of a highly sensitive and specific bioassay for lactogenic hormones.Key words: Catharanthus roseus, vinblastine, vincristine, cancer chemotherapy, Nb rat lymphoma, lactogen bioassay.

Characterization of freshly retrieved preantral follicles using a low-invasive, mechanical isolation method extended to different ruminant species

Zygote ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Langbeen ◽  
E.P.A. Jorssen ◽  
E. Fransen ◽  
A.P.A. Rodriguez ◽  
M. Chong García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryDue to the increased interest in preantral follicular physiology, non-invasive retrieval and morphological classification are crucial. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to standardize a minimally invasive isolation protocol, applicable to three ruminant species; (2) to morphologically classify preantral follicles upon retrieval; and (3) to describe morphological features of freshly retrieved follicles compared with follicle characteristics using invasive methods. Bovine, caprine and ovine ovarian cortex strips were retrieved from slaughterhouse ovaries and dispersed. This suspension was filtered, centrifuged, re-suspended and transferred to a Petri dish, to which 0.025 mg/ml neutral red (NR) was added to assess the viability of the isolated follicles. Between 59 and 191 follicles per follicle class and per species were collected and classified by light microscopy, based on follicular cell morphology. Subsequently, follicle diameters were measured. The proposed isolation protocol was applicable to all three species and showed a significant, expected increase in diameter with developmental stage. With an average diameter of 37 ± 5 μm for primordial follicles, 47 ± 6.3 μm for primary follicles and 67.1 ± 13.1 μm for secondary follicles, no significant difference in diameter among the three species was observed. Bovine, caprine and ovine follicles (63, 59 and 50% respectively) were graded as viable upon retrieval. Using the same morphological characteristics as determined by invasive techniques [e.g. haematoxylin–eosin (HE) sections], cumulus cell morphology and follicle diameter could be used routinely to classify freshly retrieved follicles. Finally, we applied a mechanical, minimally invasive, follicle isolation protocol and extended it to three ruminant species, yielding viable preantral follicles without compromising further in vitro processing and allowing routine follicle characterization upon retrieval.

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