scholarly journals Heat-induced accumulation of proline and yield components in genetically divergent cereal varieties

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Stefan Markovic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Nenad Nesovic ◽  
Nevena Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Growth and development of cereals is affected by abiotic factors, particularly by high temperature. An important factor in plant adaptation to abiotic stress can be the proline accumulation. Proline is an amino acid involved in a series of metabolic processes and is important as a protein stabilizer, osmolyte and antioxidant. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of high temperature on the proline content and yield elements in different cereal varieties during two vegetative seasons. For the investigation, plant material of 8 genetically divergent winter wheat varieties, 1 variety of triticale and 1 oat variety were used. Samples were collected in days with moderate midday air temperatures of 24-26?C in the milk stage and after a few days in the same phenological stage, in conditions of high midday air temperatures of 34-36?C. Proline accumulation was determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analyses of data were done in the SPSS program. The results during the first experimental year showed that under moderate air temperature conditions proline content was 0.661 ?mol g-1 fresh plant, and in the second experimental year 0.777 ?mol g-1 fresh plant. Under conditions of heat stress during the first year, the content of proline increased to 2.169 ?mol g-1 fresh plant, and in the second experimental year the average content was 2.510 ?mol g-1 fresh plant, which confirms the increase of proline accumulations under heat stress. Compared with other cereal varieties, wheat varieties Zvezdana, Pobeda, Simonida and Avenu were characterized by higher contents of proline in conditions of heat stress in both vegetative seasons. Statistical analysis and correlation of the results of proline accumulation and yield elements showed that more resistant varieties to heat stress conditions have higher yields.

Effect of Timing of Heat Stress During Grain Filling on Two Wheat Varieties Differing in Heat Tolerance. II. Fractional Protein Accumulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Very High

Short periods of very high temperature (> 35�C) are common during the grain filling period of wheat, and can significantly alter mature protein composition and consequently grain quality. This study was designed to determine the stage of grain growth at which fractional protein accumulation is most sensitive to a short heat stress, and to examine whether varietal differences in heat tolerance are expressed consistently throughout the grain filling period. Two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance (cvv. Egret and Oxley, tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were exposed to a short (5 day) period of very high temperature (40�C max, for 6 h each day) at 5-day intervals throughout grain filling, from 15 to 50 days after anthesis. Grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition (albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer) using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The timing of heat stress exerted a significant influence on the accumulation of total wheat protein and its fractions, and protein fractions differed in their responses to the timing of heat stress. Furthermore, wheat genotype influenced both the sensitivity of fractional protein accumulation to heat stress and the stage during grain filling at which maximum sensitivity to heat stress occurred.

Comparison of sudden heat stress with gradual exposure to high temperature during grain filling in two wheat varieties differing in heat tolerance. II. Fractional protein accumulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Stone ◽  
M.E. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance (cvv. Egret and Oxley, tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were exposed to either a sudden or gradual (6°C h-1) increase from 20 to 40°C to determine if the rate of temperature increase used in controlled-environment studies (1) alters the accumulation of functionally important proteins during grain-filling, and (2) affects the ability to discriminate between heat tolerant and sensitive varieties of wheat. After heat treatment, grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition. Wheat proteins were separated and quantified as albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of temperature increase exerted a significant influence on the accumulation of total wheat protein and its fractions, and protein fractions differed in their responses to the suddenness of heat stress. The acclimation to heat stress afforded by a gradual increase to high temperature can mitigate the effects of heat stress on fractional protein accumulation, and consequently grain protein composition at maturity. Furthermore, the ability of wheat to acclimate to high temperature varies between genotypes, and this needs to be taken into account when selecting for heat tolerance.

Effect of timing of heat stress during grain filling in two wheat varieties under moderate and very high temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
W. F. Song ◽  
L. J. Zhao ◽  
X. M. Zhang ◽  
Y. M. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Evaluation of seedling proline content of wheat genotypes in relation to heat tolerance

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
JU Ahmed ◽  
MA Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Seedling of 20 wheat genotypes were grown in Phytotron at about 25 and 35°C for measuring membrane injury in per cent and seedling proline content to investigate seedling proline as screening criterion against heat stress. The wheat genotypes (Bijoy, Sufi, Kanchan, Fang 60, BAW 1059, BL 1883, BL 1022, IVT 7, IVT 8, IVT 9, IVT 10 and BAW 917) showing < 50% membrane injury were grouped as heat tolerant (HT) and the genotypes (Shatabdi, Prodip, BAW 1064, Gourab, Pavon 76, Sonora, Kalyansona and IVT 6) showing ≥ 50% membrane injury were classified as heat sensitive (HS). At high temperature (35°C) the HT genotypes produced more than double (> 200%) proline than that of 25°C but the HS genotypes produced less quantity of proline at 35°C compared to that in HT genotypes. The seedling proline content at 35°C and membrane injury (%) maintained a significant negative correlation (r = – 0.619**) across the 20 wheat genotypes tested. Key words: Membrane thermostability; Seedling proline; Heat tolerance; Wheat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.7991 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 17-22, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals Differences in proline accumulation between wheat varieties in response to heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Nevena Djukic ◽  
Stefan Markovic ◽  
Jasna Mastilovic ◽  
Predrag Simovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
Proline Concentration

Proline is one of the organic osmolytes that accumulates in plants in response to stressful environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of proline in the grain filling phase in ten winter wheat cultivars under conditions of prolonged periods of air temperatures above 30?C and to assess the variability of wheat variety responses. The correlation between proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments, accumulated starch and yield was also determined. In the experimental field, flag leaves were sampled for each variety in the grain filling phase. Statistical data analysis and parameter correlation were performed using the SPSS program. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between proline values in moderate and high air temperature conditions when proline accumulation occurs. The significant correlation of accumulated starch content and yield with proline concentration showed that in addition to higher proline values under heat stress, wheat varieties Apac, Talas and Futura also have higher yield and starch content. A correlation was also found between proline concentration and photosynthetic pigment contents, where the Apac wheat variety showed the best adaptive response to the investigated traits and was characterized by a smaller reduction in photosynthetic pigment content under heat stress. The interrelation of proline with the photosynthetic pigment content and wheat quality parameters may be important in breeding technologies aimed at improving wheat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals A review on the effect of heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Preeti Karki ◽  
Enzy Subedi ◽  
Garima Acharya ◽  
Manisha Bashyal ◽  
Nistha Dawadee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It ranks first (in the world) and third (in Nepal) in terms of productivity and total cropped area. Worldwide, wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C. Among several abiotic factors, heat stress is one of the major factors affecting wheat production. Wheat is very sensitive to heat stress. Each degree rise in the temperature can decrease wheat yield by 6%. This review is written with an aim to reflect the influence of heat stress in the production of wheat and the mechanism of how loss in yield occurs. Some of the major findings of this research are : (a) Heat stress negatively effects germination, emergence, root growth, leaf, stem development and growth, tillering, grain yield and quality (b) A sharp decline in photosynthesis is evident when wheat plant is exposed to high temperature stress during vegetative or reproductive phase (c) With increases in temperature, rate of respiration is greater  than the rate of photosynthesis  which ultimately leads to carbon starvation (d) High temperature fastens the crop growth by making it to enter into jointing stage and reproductive stage earlier than normal resulting in decreased crop yield. The identification of such effects of heat stress in our crop helps us adopt several strategies or methods to mitigate the impacts on crop yields and improve tolerance to heat stress.

Comparison of Sudden Heat Stress With Gradual Exposure to High Temperature During Grain Filling in Two Wheat Varieties Differing in Heat Tolerance. I. Grain Growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Individual Kernel

Two wheat varieties differing in heat tolerance were exposed to four heat treatments in order to determine if a sudden rise from ca 20-40�C caused a greater reduction of individual kernel mass than a gradual (6�C h-1) rise over the same temperature range. For the heat sensitive variety (Oxley), the reduction of individual kernel mass following sudden heat stress (26%) was greater than that resulting from a gradual heat stress of equivalent thermal time (13%) or equal days of treatment (18%). By contrast, for the heat tolerant variety (Egret), the reduction of individual kernel mass following rapid exposure to heat stress (12%) was not significantly greater than that caused by a gradual treatment of equal days duration (10%). Nevertheless, for Egret, sudden heat stress significantly reduced mature kernel mass compared with high temperature treatment of equivalent thermal time (6%). We conclude that heat acclimation may help to mitigate wheat yield losses due to high temperature and that the ability to acclimate to high temperature varies between wheat genotypes. Comparison of wheat varieties for yield tolerance to high temperature should therefore occur under conditions that allow gradual acclimation to elevated temperature.

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on seasonal dynamic of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARVIND KUMAR ◽  
POOJA KHULBE
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Second Year

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on population dynamics of green lacewing, Chrysoper lacarnea (Stephens) was studied in sunflower, Helianthus annus (Linn.).The maximum number of C. carnea population was found during mid March –mid April in the first year and mid April – mid May in the second year in sunflower crop. The maximum number of host population viz. egg and larva of Helicoverpa armigera and Myzuspe rsicae population were found during mid March –mid April in both the year and correlation studies revealed the positive and significant correlation between larval population of H. armigera, M. persicae and predator C. carnea. While there was no significant relationship found between eggs of H. armigera and C. carnea. The C. carnea population on H. annus during both the year was positively correlated with maximum temperature and found significant,while negatively correlated with relative humidity.However, no significant correlation of C. carnea was found with minimum temperature in both the year.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

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