scholarly journals A review on the effect of heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Preeti Karki ◽  
Enzy Subedi ◽  
Garima Acharya ◽  
Manisha Bashyal ◽  
Nistha Dawadee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It ranks first (in the world) and third (in Nepal) in terms of productivity and total cropped area. Worldwide, wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C. Among several abiotic factors, heat stress is one of the major factors affecting wheat production. Wheat is very sensitive to heat stress. Each degree rise in the temperature can decrease wheat yield by 6%. This review is written with an aim to reflect the influence of heat stress in the production of wheat and the mechanism of how loss in yield occurs. Some of the major findings of this research are : (a) Heat stress negatively effects germination, emergence, root growth, leaf, stem development and growth, tillering, grain yield and quality (b) A sharp decline in photosynthesis is evident when wheat plant is exposed to high temperature stress during vegetative or reproductive phase (c) With increases in temperature, rate of respiration is greater  than the rate of photosynthesis  which ultimately leads to carbon starvation (d) High temperature fastens the crop growth by making it to enter into jointing stage and reproductive stage earlier than normal resulting in decreased crop yield. The identification of such effects of heat stress in our crop helps us adopt several strategies or methods to mitigate the impacts on crop yields and improve tolerance to heat stress.

scholarly journals Heat tolerance indicators in Pakistani wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami U. Khan ◽  
Jalal U. Din ◽  
Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Noor E. Jan ◽  
Matthew A. Jenks
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Selection Parameter

Abstract The effect of high temperature stress on six wheat cultivars exposed to 35-40 °C for 3 h each day for five consecutive days was examined. High temperature significantly affected total proline, soluble protein content, membrane stability index (MSI), yield, and various yield components, and had a direct effect on growth and other physiological attributes of wheat at anthesis and the milky seed stages. The wheat cultivar AS- 2002 achieved better osmotic adjustment by accumulating more leaf proline. Higher MSI was also observed in AS-2002, as well as Inqalab-91. The anthesis growth stage was found to be more sensitive to heat stress than seed development at the milky stage. Overall heat stress reduced yield 75% at anthesis and 40% at the milky stage. AS-2002 performed better on the basis of yield and yield components. Seed weight per spike was highest in AS- 2002, and lowest in SH-2002. The cumulative response of AS-2002 was better on the basis of physiological and yield attributes. In addition to yield, plant breeders should also include proline and MSI as selection parameter in the breeding program for development of heat tolerant wheat cultivars. Most of the evaluated wheat cultivars/lines were developed for cultivation in the rainfed areas of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Modification of Serine 1040 of SIBRI1 Increases Fruit Yield by Enhancing Tolerance to Heat Stress in Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7681
Author(s):  
Shufen Wang ◽  
Tixu Hu ◽  
Aijuan Tian ◽  
Bote Luo ◽  
Chenxi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity

High temperature is a major environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and production. SlBRI1 is a critical receptor in brassinosteroid signalling, and its phosphorylation sites have differential functions in plant growth and development. However, the roles of the phosphorylation sites of SIBRI1 in stress tolerance are unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of the phosphorylation site serine 1040 (Ser-1040) of SlBRI1 in tomato. Phenotype analysis indicated that transgenic tomato harbouring SlBRI1 dephosphorylated at Ser-1040 showed increased tolerance to heat stress, exhibiting better plant growth and plant yield under high temperature than transgenic lines expressing SlBRI1 or SlBRI1 phosphorylated at Ser-1040. Biochemical and physiological analyses further showed that antioxidant activity, cell membrane integrity, osmo-protectant accumulation, photosynthesis and transcript levels of heat stress defence genes were all elevated in tomato plants harbouring SlBRI1 dephosphorylated at Ser-1040, and the autophosphorylation level of SlBRI1 was inhibited when SlBRI1 dephosphorylated at Ser-1040. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the phosphorylation site Ser-1040 of SlBRI1 affects heat tolerance, leading to improved plant growth and yield under high-temperature conditions. Our results also indicate the promise of phosphorylation site modification as an approach for protecting crop yields from high-temperature stress.

Assessment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for high temperature stress tolerance using physico-chemical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Ahmed Laghari ◽  
Abdul Jabbar Pirzada ◽  
Mahboob Ali Sial ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Jamal Uddin Mangi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Yong Weon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transcript Variants

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.

Emergence of seedlings from different depths following high temperature stress

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Onwueme ◽  
S. A. Adegoroye
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Different Depths

SUMMARYSeeds of Amaranthus, melon, cowpea and tomato were planted in moist soil at 1, 4 or 7·5 cm depth and subjected to a heat stress of 45 °C for 10 h on the day of sowing (day 0), 1 day after sowing or 2 days after sowing. Seedling emergence was retarded by heat stress, the most drastic retardation being due to heat stress on day 1 for cowpea and tomato, day 2 for melon, and day 0 for Amaranthus. Emergence also decreased with increasing depth of sowing. The interaction of depth and heat stress was also significant in all cases, such that the delay in emergence due to heat stress tended to be greater with increasing depth of sowing. The agronomic significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Differential modulation of heat inducible genes across diverse genotypes and molecular cloning of a sHSP from Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S MukeshSankar ◽  
C. Tara Satyavathi ◽  
Sharmistha Barthakur ◽  
S.P Singh ◽  
Roshan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Membrane Stability Index

AbstractEnvironmental stresses negatively influence survival, biomass and grain yield of most crops. Towards functionally clarifying the role of heat responsive genes in Pearl millet under high temperature stress, the present study were carried out using semi quantitative RT- PCR for transcript expression profiling of hsf and hsps in 8 different inbred lines at seedling stage, which was earlier identified as thermo tolerant/susceptible lines through initial screening for thermo tolerance using membrane stability index among 38 elite genotypes. Transcript expression pattern suggested existence of differential response among different genotypes in response to heat stress in the form of accumulation of heat shock responsive gene transcripts. Genotypes WGI 126, TT-1 and MS 841B responded positively towards high temperature stress for transcript accumulation for both Pgcp 70 and Pghsf and also had better growth under heat stress, whereas PPMI 69 showed the least responsiveness to transcript induction supporting the membrane stability index data for scoring thermotolerance, suggesting the efficacy of transcript expression profiling as a molecular based screening technique for identification of thermotolerant genes and genotypes at particular crop growth stages. As to demonstrate this, a full length cDNA of Pghsp 16.97 was cloned from the thermotolerant cultivar, WGI 126 and characterized for thermotolerance. The results of demonstration set forth the transcript profiling for heat tolerant genes can be a very useful technique for high throughput screening of tolerant genotypes at molecular level from large cultivar collections at seedling stage.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and marker-trait association studies under heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 578-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Alsamir ◽  
Nabil Ahmad ◽  
Vivi Arief ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Richard Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Tomato is a mild season crop and high temperature stress impacts productivity negatively. However, the development of cultivars with improved heat tolerance is possible as genetic variability has been consistently reported. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that impact various traits under heat stress. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on a diverse set of 144 tomato genotypes collected from various germplasm centers and breeding programs. The genotypes were grown under control and heat stress in poly tunnels having mean temperatures of 30°C and 45°C for two seasons and phenotypic data were collected on seven agro-physiological traits. All individuals were genotyped withthe80K DArTseq platform using 31237 SNP markers. Data were analysed using a mixed model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Pattern analysis of the phenotypic data showed five primary clusters each with genotypes from multiple origins. Based on the genotypic data, three wild tomato genotypes showed a degree of un-relatedness with the other materials as they were distantly located from the rest of the genotypes in the scatter plot. Control treatment data were used to ascertain markers that are exclusively important under high temperature stress. A large number of markers were significantly associated with various traits under heat stress. These included strong marker associations for number of inflorescence/plant (IPP), number of flowers/inflorescence (FPI), fresh fruit weight (FFrW), and electrolyte leakage (EL). High association with EL was found due to two SNPs 7858523|F|0-25:G>A-25:G>A and 4705224|F|0-60:C>G-60:C>G located on Chr 6. Other less pronounced marker-trait associations were observed for plant dry weight (PDW), and number of fruit/plant (FrPP).

Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zia-ul- Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant diversity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.

Heat Sensing and Lipid Reprograming as a Signaling Switch for Heat Stress Responses in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽  
Takayoshi Ishii ◽  
Magdi El-Sayed ◽  
Lam-Son Phan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Temperature is an essential physical factor that affects the plant life cycle. Almost all plant species have evolved a robust signal transduction system that enables them to sense changes in the surrounding temperature, relay this message and accordingly adjust their metabolism and cellular functions to avoid heat stress-related damage. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), being a cool-season crop, is very sensitive to heat stress. Any increase in the ambient temperature, especially at the reproductive and grain-filling stages, can cause a drastic loss in wheat yield. Heat stress causes lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress, resulting in the damage of thylakoid membranes and the disruption of their function, which ultimately decreases photosynthesis and crop yield. The cell membrane/plasma membrane plays prominent roles as an interface system that perceives and translates the changes in environmental signals into intracellular responses. Thus, membrane lipid composition is a critical factor in heat stress tolerance or susceptibility in wheat. In this review, we elucidate the possible involvement of calcium influx as an early heat stress-responsive mechanism in wheat plants. In addition, the physiological implications underlying the changes in lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress in wheat and other plant species will be discussed. In-depth knowledge about wheat lipid reprograming can help develop heat-tolerant wheat varieties and provide approaches to solve the impact of global climate change.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Pooran M. Gaur ◽  
Nalini Mallikarjuna ◽  
Raju N. Tokachichu ◽  
Richard M. Trethowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Controlled Environments

High temperature during the reproductive stage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major cause of yield loss. The objective of this research was to determine whether that variation can be explained by differences in anther and pollen development under heat stress: the effect of high temperature during the pre- and post-anthesis periods on pollen viability, pollen germination in a medium, pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and pod set in a heat-tolerant (ICCV 92944) and a heat-sensitive (ICC 5912) genotype was studied. The plants were evaluated under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions in controlled environments. High temperature stress (29/16°C to 40/25°C) was gradually applied at flowering to study pollen viability and stigma receptivity including flower production, pod set and seed number. This was compared with a non-stress treatment (27/16°C). The high temperatures reduced pod set by reducing pollen viability and pollen production per flower. The ICCV 92944 pollen was viable at 35/20°C (41% fertile) and at 40/25°C (13% fertile), whereas ICC 5912 pollen was completely sterile at 35/20°C with no in vitro germination and no germination on the stigma. However, the stigma of ICC 5912 remained receptive at 35/20°C and non-stressed pollen (27/16°C) germinated on it during reciprocal crossing. These data indicate that pollen grains were more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in chickpea. High temperature also reduced pollen production per flower, % pollen germination, pod set and seed number.

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