scholarly journals Drying of oak wood lamellas: Part 1. Analysis of the process in a dehumidification kiln

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Goran Milic ◽  
Nebojsa Todorovic ◽  
Marko Veizovic ◽  
Ranko Popadic
Keyword(s):  
Solid Wood ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Wood Flooring ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
Drying Quality

The subject of this paper is to analyse the drying process of oak lamellas, which are the solid wood top layer of engineered wood flooring. The focus of the first part of the paper is on dehumidification kilns. Drying in a dehumidification kiln is an interesting alternative to conventional drying of thin solid oak wood with the aim of reaching high drying quality in a reasonable time. Drying tests were done in an industrial dehumidification kiln, and drying parameters were compared with the drying in the conventional kiln. Simultaneously, a drying test at a higher temperature was done in the programmable climate chamber. It was demonstrated that thin oak lamellas (approx. 5 mm thick) could be successfully dried in a dehumidification kiln in a relatively short time and with high drying quality. With the applied drying schedule (initial temperature of 36?C, final temperature of 46?C), the drying cycle will last 2 to 5 days, depending on the amount of wood and the initial MC. Due to the high rate of water evaporation and the inability of the kilns to remove it fast enough, the drying of lamellas in both dehumidification and conventional kilns takes place at a higher equilibrium moisture content than the set values.

scholarly journals Drying quality and colour of subfossil oak from central Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Marko Veizovic ◽  
Zdravko Popovic ◽  
Nebojsa Todorovic ◽  
Goran Milic
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Kiln Drying ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Drying Quality

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the quality of natural and conventional drying of subfossil oak wood. In addition to the drying quality, the colour of this material, as well as the effect of the drying process on colour change have been tested. The subfossil oak logs that were used in this experiment originate from the Morava River in Central Serbia. After sawing, timber was air-dried to about 20% moisture content (MC) followed by kiln-drying to 9.5% MC. By examining the quality of air-drying of the subfossil oak wood, a high presence of cracks was found, as well as the inaccuracy of humidity measurement using electric moisture meters. The stack for kiln-drying consisted of 24 boards, of which 4 were used for the monitoring of MC and MC distribution across the thickness of plank during drying. Drying quality was evaluated after the kiln-drying process. Although mild drying conditions during kiln-drying were applied, the gap as a measure of case-hardening had a value greater than usual for oak of same thickness. It was found that the drying process has no significant effect on the change in the colour of subfossil wood. The colour of the subfossil oak wood was significantly darker than the usual oak wood, and the colour difference between the central and the outer parts of the trunk of the subfossil oak was determined.

scholarly journals Properties of cork oak wood related to solid wood flooring performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Knapic ◽  
J.S. Machado ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Solid Wood ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Wood Flooring

scholarly journals Amide-Type Substrates in the Synthesis of N-Protected 1-Aminomethylphosphonium Salts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Dominika Kozicka ◽  
Paulina Zieleźny ◽  
Karol Erfurt ◽  
Jakub Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Work Up

Herein we describe the development and optimization of a two-step procedure for the synthesis of N-protected 1-aminomethylphosphonium salts from imides, amides, carbamates, or lactams. Our “step-by-step” methodology involves the transformation of amide-type substrates to the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives, followed by the substitution of the hydroxyl group with a phosphonium moiety. The first step of the described synthesis was conducted based on well-known protocols for hydroxymethylation with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde. In turn, the second (substitution) stage required optimization studies. In general, reactions of amide, carbamate, and lactam derivatives occurred at a temperature of 70 °C in a relatively short time (1 h). On the other hand, N-hydroxymethylimides reacted with triarylphosphonium salts at a much higher temperature (135 °C) and over longer reaction times (as much as 30 h). However, the proposed strategy is very efficient, especially when NaBr is used as a catalyst. Moreover, a simple work-up procedure involving only crystallization afforded good to excellent yields (up to 99%).

A Thermodynamic Model for Nearest-Neighbor Distributions in Annealed Quaternary Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Li Li Tang ◽  
Chun Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Type Conversion ◽  
Quaternary Alloys ◽  
Separation Result ◽  
Atomic Relaxation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Short Time

We focus on the annealing-induced changes of N-centered nearest-neighbor (NN) entironment in Ga1-xlnxNyAs1-y quaternary alloys and present a statistical distributing model of the binary bonds under thermodynamics equilibrium state. The core of this model is the assumption that the phase separation result of equimolar system at T=0 K is “ + ”, in which the effect of strain has been ignored. We propose two mechanisms for annealing: (i) Atomic relaxation lead to a total energy minimum. (ii) The type conversion of bond configuration is the main reason for the remarkable blue shift. Then parameter r, the number of NN In atoms per N atom, is calculated. We find that the theoretical NN distributions strain is in good agreement with former studies. It can be concluded that the blue shift induced by long-time annealing at low temperature is able to be equal with that induced by short-time annealing at higher temperature. The results are close to recent investigations. But an allegorical linear relation between band gap and composition (x, y) is still in question.

scholarly journals Peritonealis dialízis gyermekkorban. A Semmelweis Egyetem I. Gyermekgyógyászati Klinikájának eredményei

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (46) ◽  
pp. 1831-1840
Author(s):  
Eszter Lévai ◽  
Petronella Pethő-Orosz ◽  
Kata Kelen ◽  
Krisztina Mészáros ◽  
Péter Sallay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Drug Statistics ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Average Glucose

Abstract: Introduction, aim and method: At the 1st Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University – the largest center for treating children with chronic kidney disease in Hungary – peritoneal dialysis has a leading role. Between 2010–2017, while being part of the International Pediatric Dialysis Network, we collected and analyzed our data in a prospective study. Beside our patients’ basic data, we registered medication statistics, treatment- and laboratory results every 6 months. Results: During this period we had 39 patients on peritoneal dialysis, the average age of dialysis-initiation was 9.3 ± 6.6 years, with 1.3 ± 1.3 years spent on dialysis. The most common causes of ESRD were glomerulopathies and renal-/urinary malformations. A high rate of comorbidities was found, and in 13 cases complex syndromes. Many patients’ height- and BMI SDS values differed from the normal for their age. Average glucose-monohydrate concentration was 1.6 ± 0.2%. During our investigation we used lactate-based, acidic or neutral (balanced) dialysates. Between 2010–2017 we diagnosed peritonitis in 18 of our cases. The patients were hospitalized average 70.5 ± 97.7 days. There were differences from the normal range for age in PTH- and phosphate values. Drug-statistics met the requirements of recommendations, though some medications are not available for children in Hungary. The short time spent on dialysis is due to fast- and also living-donor transplantations and efficient management of the transplantation list. The high rates of special diseases and comorbidities are due to being a tertiary referral center. Conclusion: Our practice is suitable for the international guidelines, any differences are results of individual considerations. Being a part of the Registry should be maintained. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(46): 1831–1840.

Thermal Control in Solids With Rapid Relaxation

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Heat Propagation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Neutral Stability ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Effective Feedback ◽  
Short Time

Feedback control of temperature in solids with a finite speed of heat propagation is investigated in this work. The emphases are placed on the effect of rapid thermal relaxation in high-rate heating and the possible delay during the short-time operations. Fundamental characteristics and dominating parameters are identified for effective feedback control in proportional heating. Transient instability, including the intrinsic transition from the desirable stability, neutral stability, to the ultimate unstable response are investigated in a wide spectrum of heating rates. Delayed heating is found to have a destabilizing effect during the short-time transient.

Provision of Sedation and Treatment of Seizures During Neonatal Therapeutic Hypothermia

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Christopher McPherson ◽  
Keliana O'Mara
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) produces a high rate of long-term neurodevelopmental disability in survivors. Therapeutic hypothermia dramatically improves the incidence of intact survival, but does not eliminate adverse outcomes. The ideal provision of sedation and treatment of seizures during therapeutic hypothermia represent therapeutic targets requiring optimization in practice. Physiologic stress from therapeutic hypothermia may obviate some of the benefits of this therapy. Morphine is commonly utilized to provide comfort, despite limited empiric evidence supporting safety and efficacy. Dexmedetomidine represents an interesting alternative, with preclinical data suggesting direct efficacy against shivering during induced hypothermia and neuroprotection in the setting of HIE. Pharmacokinetic properties must be considered when utilizing either agent, with safety dependent on conservative dosing and careful monitoring. HIE is the leading cause of neonatal seizures. Traditional therapies, including phenobarbital, fosphenytoin, and benzodiazepines, control seizures in the vast majority of neonates. Concerns about the acute and long-term effects of these agents have led to the exploration of alternative anticonvulsants, including levetiracetam. Unfortunately, levetiracetam is inferior to phenobarbital as first-line therapy for neonatal seizures. Considering both the benefits and risks of traditional anticonvulsant agents, treatment should be limited to the shortest duration indicated, with maintenance therapy reserved for neonates at high risk for recurrent seizures.

The Quantitative Use of the Seinhorst ‘Mistifier’ to Recover Nematodes from Soil, Faeces and Herbage

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sturrock
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Quantitative Recovery

A modified form of the Seinhorst “Mistifie.” is described which allows the quantitative recovery of nematodes from infested material. Experimental results are given showing the high rate of recovery in a short time, the recovery from a known number of nematodes and a not excessive degree of variation between recoveries from a replicated series of mistifier units. These results are discussed and the value of the technique for replicated quantitative work is stressed.

scholarly journals Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue dalam Bentuk Peta Tematik di Kecamatan Rappocini

bionature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Wulandhani ◽  
A. Bida Purnamasari ◽  
Ryan Humardani Syam Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Keywords Prevention ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus infection. One symptom of dengue virus infection is high fever and headache. Dengue virus is a virus from the genus Flavivirus, family of Flaviviridae. This dengue fever is a dangerous viral disease because it can cause sufferers to die in a very short time / several days. The existence and population density are often associated with transmission, endemicity and Extraordinary Events (EE) of DHF. Disease mapping by utilizing digital technology to support epidemiological investigations and also as a tool to monitor regional conditions for dengue disease. The purpose of this study was to determine efforts to prevent and control dengue disease by mapping. The results of the study show that mapping can be seen as increasing and decreasing the number of cases of dengue disease so that it can assist in data management and reporting of information to monitor areas at risk of contracting dengue disease. Suggestions given need to do further research using other variables that are the cause of the high rate of dengue cases, so that it can be utilized by related agencies as the basis of the information system supporting the decision on preventive measures to combat dengue. Keywords: prevention and control, DHF, mapping.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document