scholarly journals Polarization in the Danube-Morava development belt

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Miletic
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of this paper is to throw light upon particular aspects of polarized development and point at the role of certain segments in the zone of Corridor X. Out of wide range of development indicators, the research includes degree of employment, degree of unemployment and national income per capita. Presented indicators illustrate regional disparities in the achieved level of socio-economic transformation and orientation of certain areas to particular sectors of economy in detail.

scholarly journals Reversal effects in charitable behaviors across cultures: The role of sentence voice

Psihologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Senay
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Needy

Income per capita was previously found to be sometimes negatively, and sometimes positively, associated with helping across cultures. These opposite effects may result from a type of reversal of helping across the perceived contexts of cultures. The possibility in a language to highlight actors? responsibility in events through antipassive sentences (cf. ?I will help?) predicted higher, and the possibility to decrease the responsibility through passive sentences (?The needy will be helped?) predicted lower levels of charitable behaviors in countries with lower levels of power distance and uncertainty avoidance, and higher levels of income, a set of societal characteristics, which were previously found to positively impact helping. The results highlight the role of sentence voice presumably linked with perceived autonomy in contexts of helping across cultures, ultimately reversing the cultural effects on charitable behaviors.

scholarly journals Are digital financial payments constrained by the country's income: Evidence from the Global Findex database

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Marija Antonijević ◽  
Isidora Ljumović ◽  
Velimir Lukić
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
National Income ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Payment Services ◽  
Digital Payments

The combined effect of ICT improvement, digitalization and change in clients' habits lead to changes in the financial sector worldwide. Increased use of digital financial services (DFS) is a change that might help to increase financial inclusion, which is particularly important for developing countries. As income is considered a critical driver of digital payments, this study aims to determine whether there is a linear relationship between a country's income measured by the level of Gross National Income per capita (GNI p.c.) and the use of digital payment services, i.e., making and receiving digital payments. We used data from the Global Findex and World Bank databases for 2017 to conduct the research, which covered 141 countries. The presence of a linear relationship between the level of GNI p.c. and the use of digital payments was tested using correlation analysis. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a significant strong positive linear relationship between the level of GNI p.c. and the use of digital payment services in both segments, i.e., making and receiving payments. Findings are consistent with previous research and confirmed the important role of income as a driver of the use of DFS.

scholarly journals Factors of human capital modernization in the context of institutionalization of information economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Radieva ◽  
Viktoriia Kolomiiets
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
National Income ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Human Capital Index

The constant institutional transformations of society make it necessary to study their influence on the development of human capital and the dependence of the development of human capital on the conditions of institutionalization of the information economy. The aim of this scientific work: to identify the existence of a dependence of the development of human capital on the institutionalization of society in the information economy, to build correlation-regression models of the dependence of the development of human capital on the level of development of the country's institutional system in the information economy. The study has proved the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the human capital index and the development of the country's institutional system. The selection of indicators describing the dependence of the development of human capital on the development of the country's institutional system in the information economy, which included political, legal, economic, social, institutional, using an expert analysis method, is carried out. For a multifactorial phenomenon, as the dependence of the development of human capital on the level of development of the country's institutional system in the information economy, the methods of multiple correlation and regression analysis are used. The study was conducted for 157 countries of the world for which the World Bank determined the country's human capital index in 2018. As a result, correlation equations are constructed that give the dependence of the development of human capital on the level of development of the country's institutional system in the information economy. They should determine the feasibility of material costs for the development of a separate factor of the influence of the institutional system for the development of human capital. The constructed models have shown that the greatest correlation between the human capital index and the selected indicators of the country's institutional system development exists: for countries with a high human capital index and high gross national income per capita – government labor costs, tax burden; for countries with an average human capital index and with an average gross national income per capita, to which Ukraine belongs, – freedom of the labor market, protection of property rights; for countries with a low human capital index and low gross national income per capita – effectiveness of the judicial system, government decency. The study of the dependence of the development of human capital on the development of the institutional system will interest not only the scientific layers of countries, but also state and government institutions.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO REGIONAL NO BRASIL: A EDUCAÇÃO COMO FATOR DE CONVERGÊNCIA – 1970/1996

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Raimundo Vergolino ◽  
Antônio Pessoa Nunes Neto ◽  
Marcelo Andrade Bezerra Barros
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Per Capita

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o papel da educação no processo de crescimento econômico das microrregiões brasileiras no período de 1970-1996. A hipótese central do trabalho é a de que tal processo apresentou tendência convergente, sinalizando uma redução nas disparidades inter-regionais. Utilizando-se a metodologia proposta por Barro e Sala-I-Martin, foram estimadas regressões a partir do uso do método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários, a fim de captar a existência do fenômeno da convergência e identificando a velocidade (β) pela qual o mesmo se processa. Por fim, procurou-se verificar a importância da educação na equalização das rendas per capita microrregionais. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a existência de um processo convergente nas rendas microrregionais, quando consideradas as variáveis educacionais. Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of education in the process of economic growth for the Brazilian microrregions during the period 1970-1996. The hypothesis is that economic growth associated with educational improvements has led to a reduction in the inter-regional disparities in that period. Following the methodology proposed by Barro e Sala-I-Martin, regressions were estimated using the method of ordinary least squares, in order to identify the existence of the convergent process and the convergence velocity (β) of the former. The importance of education in the equalization of per capita microrregional income were also discussed. The results support the hypothesis under which human capital plays an important role in the economic growth of a region or country.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Relationship between Defence Expenditure and Sustainable Development in the Baltic Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6916
Author(s):  
Gitana Dudzevičiūtė ◽  
Svajone Bekesiene ◽  
Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene ◽  
Galina Ševčenko-Kozlovska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Small States ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Defence Expenditure

As geopolitical instability increases and new threats emerge, a number of countries are increasing their respective allocations for defence expenditure in order to take greater responsibility for their citizens in terms of defending and protecting their values and way of life. Small states such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia must evaluate certain economic, political, and strategic factors when increasing their respective defence expenditure. While they do tend to increase expenditure on national defence matters, budgetary constraints often force them to cut funding in some civilian domains or to increase their borrowing on international markets. Therefore, the security and defence of small states must be addressed in an integrated way, taking into account economic, social, and environmental factors. The aim of this article is to assess the relationships between defence expenditure and sustainable development indicators during the period between 2000 and 2018 in the Baltic states. The authors of this article aimed to determine which sustainable development indicators have a significant impact upon a country’s expenditure when it comes to defence matters. The study was conducted using econometric methods, including Spearman’s correlation analysis and Automatic Linear Modelling (ALM). The research results revealed some differences amongst the Baltic countries. In Lithuania, the employment rate and R&D personnel as a share of the active population demonstrated a significant impact upon defence expenditure. In Latvia, defence expenditure was found to be affected by disposable household income per capita and environmental taxes as a share of total tax revenue. In Estonia, defence expenditure was mainly influenced by disposable household income per capita and energy import dependency. The study’s findings may be used to ensure both the security of the country and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ECONOMIC FREEDOM DAN PENDAPATAN PER KAPITA TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Agustina Suparyati
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Local Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Development Group ◽  
Very High

<p>This study aims to determine the effect of economic freedom and national income per capita of the human development index. Countries will be classified into 4 groups according to the classification in the HDI are very high human development (with an HDI of 0788 or above), high human development (with an HDI of 0677 to 0.784), medium human development (HDI of 0488-0669), and low human development (HDI of less than 0488). The analysis method used in this study is a model of data panel to investigate the influence of Economic Freedom and Income per capita of the HDI. The results showed that for the group of countries very high human local development per capita income is only significant effect on the HDI, for the group of countries High human development and medium human development only economic freedom that affects the HDI, while the low human development group showed that income per capita and Economic Freedom does not affect the HDI.</p>

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Quality Adjusted Human Capital Equation: Moderating Role of Social Capabilities in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tonuchi Joseph ◽  
Pauline Obikaonu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Method

The role of human capital on economic growth across countries has over time garnered lots of discussion in economic literature. This is fundamental, given that the actual determinant of the difference in income per capita across countries or why some countries are growing faster than other countries has remained an unresolved issue. This study provides a different insight into the nexus between human capital and economic growth by accounting for the role of social capabilities in a panel framework. Specifically, the study covers 40 African countries between 1998-2019, where the General Method of Moment (GMM) was employed to estimate the model. Specifically, it was discovered that without improved legal institutions and better economic opportunities, human capital impact on the growth of income per capita across countries is insignificant though positive. The study concludes that the effectiveness of knowledge accumulation and adoption of technology in a country is hinged on the availability of an enhanced legal, social, and economic environment.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN A HIGH-INCOME NATION: IS MALAYSIA READY?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zaharah Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohammad Abu Taher ◽  
Ng Seng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
National Income ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Income ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Industrial relations is one of the most delicate and complex issues in a modern industrial society. Industrial progress is well-nigh impossible without the cooperation of the labour force and the harmonious relationship between employers and employees. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain the good relationship between employers and employees. Malaysia, as one of the South East Asian countries, hopes to be a high-income nation by 2024. In order to achieve the status of high income nation, the government of Malaysia has introduced the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). ETP will help Malaysia to triple its Gross National Income (GNI) from RM 660 billion in 2009 to RM 1.7 trillion in 2020. The status of high income nation is said to be achieved, among others, via innovation, creativity, higher productivity, new technology and the development of a multi-skilled and highly skilled workforce as well as healthy industrial relations. As such, in underlining industrial relations in a high-income nation, this article is an attempt to examine the role of the Malaysian industrial relations of today. It will also portray whether changes are required in Malaysian industrial relations in order to be relevant in a high-income nation.

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