scholarly journals Are digital financial payments constrained by the country's income: Evidence from the Global Findex database

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Marija Antonijević ◽  
Isidora Ljumović ◽  
Velimir Lukić
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
National Income ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Payment Services ◽  
Digital Payments

The combined effect of ICT improvement, digitalization and change in clients' habits lead to changes in the financial sector worldwide. Increased use of digital financial services (DFS) is a change that might help to increase financial inclusion, which is particularly important for developing countries. As income is considered a critical driver of digital payments, this study aims to determine whether there is a linear relationship between a country's income measured by the level of Gross National Income per capita (GNI p.c.) and the use of digital payment services, i.e., making and receiving digital payments. We used data from the Global Findex and World Bank databases for 2017 to conduct the research, which covered 141 countries. The presence of a linear relationship between the level of GNI p.c. and the use of digital payments was tested using correlation analysis. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a significant strong positive linear relationship between the level of GNI p.c. and the use of digital payment services in both segments, i.e., making and receiving payments. Findings are consistent with previous research and confirmed the important role of income as a driver of the use of DFS.

scholarly journals The role of Fintech in predicting the spread of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mohannad Abu Daqar ◽  
Milan Constantinovits ◽  
Samer Arqawi ◽  
Ahmad Daragmeh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Digital Payments ◽  
And Behavior

This study aims to investigate the role of Fintech in predicting the spread of COVID-19 based on consumers’ Fintech perceptions and behavior before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. The study used a questionnaire-based survey distributed in different countries of the world using the LinkedIn platform for this purpose to reach the targeted population. The snowball sampling technique was used. The study targeted consumers with Fintech experience, especially in digital payments services. 507 samples were retrieved. For the analysis, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The study revealed novel results in predicting COVID-19 spread; these three variables (Fintech Behavior before COVID-19, Fintech Behavior after COVID-19, and Fintech Perception after COVID-19) could predict 52.5% of the variance in the dependent variable (COVID-19 Spread) (R² = 0.525, p < 0.05). The findings show that Higher Fintech perception and behavior among Fintech users will help in reducing the spread of COVID-19 by avoiding the use of contact payment methods. Contactless payment methods are the main tools in Fintech that might help in avoiding the probability of COVID-19 spread. Consumers’ Fintech perceptions and behavior are the most influencing factors that could predict the spread of COVID-19 in this study, where digital payments are the main concern. It is recommended that consumers adopt digital payment methods and tools, especially contactless payment methods, to fulfill their financial services. Other researchers are also encouraged to use the same model to predict the spread of this virus in the Fintech context.

scholarly journals Strategies to Resolve Food Insecurity in Guinea International Cooperation Approaches (Availability: Production, Distribution, and Exchange of Food): A Case Study in Guinea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mamadou Saliou Ly ◽  
Xuecheng Dou
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
National Income ◽  
General Situation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Practices

The project at hand addresses the existence of food safety problems in Guinea with the major focus being on the general situation about how it can be recovered using an international approach. The stable food in the nation of Guinea is rice, which is why it's per capita consumption is roughly 100 kg annually. Guinea’s economy relies heavily on agriculture as well as other rural activities and besides that, it is richly endowed with minerals whereby the country has both gold and bauxite reserves. The country’s gross domestic product stands at $10.91 billion as per the 2018 report of the World Bank. The 2018 World Bank report shows that GDP per capita of Guinea is $878.60 with its gross national income being $30.58 billion PPP. It for this matter that the paper will cover on the economic situation of the country, its natural resources, the agricultural production, supply and demand, import and distribution, as well as determining the size, importance, and initial judgment of the problem. Additionally, the paper will address past historical practices and problems identified successful experiences of other African countries, and the Chinese experience. It is for this aspect that the government through its relevant bodies should handle the situation using the case of China whereby they have attained food security within the shortest period. The case of Chinese experience is ideal for this paper because they have been in such situations before and thus the reason why the paper focuses on China’s development experience based on Guineas agricultural development capacity-building approach research.

scholarly journals Polarization in the Danube-Morava development belt

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Miletic
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of this paper is to throw light upon particular aspects of polarized development and point at the role of certain segments in the zone of Corridor X. Out of wide range of development indicators, the research includes degree of employment, degree of unemployment and national income per capita. Presented indicators illustrate regional disparities in the achieved level of socio-economic transformation and orientation of certain areas to particular sectors of economy in detail.

A Study on Role of Financial Inclusion on Regional rural Banks with Reference to Kerala Gramin Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Jithu George ◽  
Rashmi. R
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Low Income Groups

In simple words financial inclusion is defined as “the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups at an affordable cost” (Rangarajan, 2008). The main aim of financial inclusion (FI) is to provide easy access to financial services to the underprivileged population of country. It is an attempt to raise the underprivileged population by making available of finance and there by achieving inclusive growth. This paper studies the financial inclusion of regional rural banks in Kerala. Both primary and secondary data used for the study.197 respondent’s data were collected through questionnaire and surveys. The research methodology used in this study was correlation analysis and descriptive statistics. The result of the correlation analysis shows there is positive correlation between independent and dependent variables also the peoples were aware about the inclusions that introduced and newly adapted by the banks. So, the aim of this study is to understand the various financial inclusion measures taken and its impact on creating awareness, benefits and better services to its customers by KGB.

scholarly journals The challenge of middle-income countries to development assistance for health: recipients, funders, both or neither?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Ottersen ◽  
Suerie Moon ◽  
John-Arne Røttingen
Keyword(s):  
Development Assistance ◽  
National Income ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Development Assistance For Health ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractRecent developments have transformed the role and characteristics of middle-income countries (MICs). Many stakeholders now question the appropriate role of MICs in the system of development assistance for health (DAH), and key funders have already recast their approach to these countries. The pressing question is whether MICs should be recipients, funders, both or neither. The answer has deep implications for individual countries and their citizens, and for the DAH system as a whole. We clarify the fundamental issues involved and emphasise a special feature of many MICs: mid-level gross national income per capita (GNIpc) combined with substantial health needs and large inequalities. We discuss the trade-off between concerns for capacity and need, and illustrate a capacity-based approach to setting the level of a GNIpc eligibility threshold. We also discuss how needs-based exceptions and incentive-preserving instruments can complement such a threshold. Against this background, we outline options for the future roles of MICs in various circumstances. We conclude that major players in the DAH system have reason to reconsider the criteria for allocating DAH among countries and the norms for which countries should contribute and how much.

Costs of Imatinib, Costs of Transplants and Gross National Income Per Capita Impact on Transplant Rates for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in European Countries.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2979-2979
Author(s):  
Alois Gratwohl ◽  
Helen Baldomero ◽  
Alvin Schwendener ◽  
Michael Gratwohl ◽  
Karl Frauendorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
National Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are among the most expensive medical procedures. As a consequence, transplants are preferentially done in more wealthy countries. This significant dependency between transplant rates (number of transplants per 10 million inhabitants) and gross national income (GNI) per capita has been well described. We noticed a different pattern in HSCT for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in recent years. We did investigate the evolution of transplant rates for leukemias in Europe in respect to the economy of the participating 38 countries. Using World Bank definitions, countries were grouped according to their GNI per capita into low (A), middle (B), and high income (C) countries and trends of transplant rates for CML and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were computed with regression analyses from 1991 to 2004. Transplant rates increased for AML in significant dependency with GNI per capita from 0.1 (A), 0.3 (B) and 12 (C) in 1991 to 2.8 (A), 22 (B) and 47 (C) in 2004. Transplant rates were distinct by World Bank category and the increase presented in all three groups with a near linear clear predictability as illustrated by the R2 ’s of 93.55, 94.34 or 98.76 (Groups A, B, C). A different pattern was observed for CML. Initially transplant rates did increase from 0.1 (A), 0.7 (B) and 13 (C) in 1991 to 0.28 (A), 15 (B) and 28 (C) in 1999, distinct by World Bank category and with a similar linear prediction pattern as for AML (R2 96.39, 95.75, 95.35 for groups A, B, C). Transplant rates then declined for CML in high income countries (C), they remained at the same level in middle income countries to the extent that comparable transplant rates (15, 15) were observed for middle and high income countries in recent years. We compared costs. Costs for one year treatment with Imatinib (400 mg daily dose) in the different participating European countries ranged between 28 000 and 44 000 Euros with a median of 30 411 Euros (mean 32 417 Euros). Costs for an allogeneic HSCT from an HLA identical sibling ranged from 26 515 Euros to 180 000 Euros with a median of 63 450 Euros (mean 72 173 Euros). Cost comparisons indicate that cost for an allogeneic HSCT correspond to 0·9 to 5·9 (median of 2·0, mean 2·3) years of drug treatment. Data suggest that Imatinib has replaced HSCT preferentially in countries with high income. HSCT remains a cost effective procedure in countries with middle income. Cost considerations appear to impact on the choice between a once in a lifetime procedure or continuous drug treatment. Integration of cost analyses into the decision algorythms will become of increasing importance.

Similarity of Affective Meaning and the Evaluation of Metaphor

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Differential Technique ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Q Sort ◽  
Semantic Differential Technique ◽  
Positive Evaluation

This study explored the role of similarity of affective meaning between the elements of metaphors (an X is a Y) in the evaluation of metaphor. Similarity was measured by subjects' ratings of the metaphor elements on the Evaluation, Potency, and Activity factors of the semantic differential technique (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957). To determine evaluation scores, other subjects ranked the metaphors on a Q-sort task for goodness, vividness, meaningfulness, strangeness, and interestingness. Only a positive linear relationship was found between similarity and evaluation. Similarity on Activity was most strongly related to the positive evaluation of the metaphors.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Ukraine

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semyon Gluzman ◽  
Stanislav Kostyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
National Income ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Lower Middle Income Country ◽  
Per Capita

Ukraine, at 603 700 km2, has the second largest landmass in Europe. It has a population of about 47.4 million. Ukraine is a lower-middle-income country with a gross national income per capita of US$1260 (World Bank, 2002).

scholarly journals Role of Social Media in Socioeconomic Development: Case of Facebook

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawel Amrouche ◽  
Moez Hababou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Per Capita

To study the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on countries’ socioeconomic development, the paper investigates the case of Facebook penetration on improving their standing as measured via GNI per capita PPP (Gross National Income per capita based on purchasing power parity). We use four macro factors categories (political, economic, demographic, and technological) in addition to Facebook penetration per capita in order to measure the potential influence of various factors on the socioeconomic level of countries. While the analyses of ICT effect on development has been the focus of many papers in the past, the specific analysis of social media is scarce. Compared to previous studies investigating social media role, we use a large dataset covering all classes of countries and examine holistically many types of determinants using different models. In addition, we distinguish our paper using the economic classification of countries according to the World Bank. Our study indicates that Facebook penetration has a significant positive role on the socioeconomic level of countries, but such role varies depending on the countries’ classification level. Besides, there is a decreasing marginal effect showing the importance for policy makers to assess the complex dynamic behind the characteristic of each country.

scholarly journals Financial services with a special review of insurance services

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (161) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Jasmina Labudovic
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
National Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Special Review ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
National Economies

The aim of this paper is to point out certain characteristics of insurance market as a specific segment of financial services market. One of the characteristics of this market is the cost of insurance as differentia specific. The model presented in this paper shows how the insurer who is informed about the takeover risk can influence the cost of insurance. The development of insurance market indicates the development of national economies and the living standards. The data about the premium per capita national income per capita, the size of GDP and the number of citizens in different regions contain very interesting information. Processes of transition and macroeconomic reforms have led to a faster development of insurance in ex-socialist countries.

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