scholarly journals Sustainable city spatial structure research: Quo vadis?

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Dragutin Tosic ◽  
Nikola Krunic ◽  
Marija Nevenic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Geographic Environment ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The One ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Structure Research

This article contributes, in the form of theoretical discussion, to the review of relevant methods for determination of city's spatial structure through the retrospective of continuity/discontinuity of understanding their spatial structure from the school of classical sociology to the sustainable development paradigm. Particularly, authors underline significance and analyze main theories and their models (social-ecology, economics, system science and geography) in the researching of spatial structure of the cities. They conclude that urban settlements spatial structure is resultant of complex dynamically-developing processes between settlements networks and systems on the one, and also between their internal components, on the other side. In their essence, cities are not statistical category, but complex and dynamical system whose structure reflects the relations between economic, social and cultural organization of life, adapted to the geographic environment.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Research of Sustainable Tourism Development Concept in the Example of Istria (Croatia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Pavlo Ružić ◽  
Damir Demonja
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The One

Abstract Tourism is a phenomenon which affects the entire economic and social life, and the implications of its development can be observed in different spheres (economic, psychological, behavioral, and others). Taking into account the simplistic interpretation of the economic development of tourism on the one hand, and social development of tourism on the other hand, it is justified to highlight the problem of so-called “social costs of tourism” as the need for more precise determination of the character of the consequences of its development. In the field of “social costs of tourism” there is a need to the overall tourist development closer approaches and with increased responsibility. This tendency is particularly noticeable in the last decades of the 20th and the early 21st century, when tourism has entered a phase of maturity, which basically requires a change in its interpretation and treatment. The aim of this paper is to identify, evaluate and predict factors that support the sustainable development of tourism in Istria (Croatia). The research used comparative and SWOT analysis, and the results of the research will confirm the application elements of the concept of sustainable development in tourism of Istria, which is introduced with different intensity activities of all stakeholders in the surroundings.

scholarly journals A SUSTAINABLE CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Šlogar ◽  
◽  
Goran Bandov ◽  
Tomislav Čakanić ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The City

The concept of sustainable cities is based on a development paradigm that recognizes the rapid growth of urban population and makes an important contribution by forming a global urban plan. Sustainable city is organized in order to emphasize the importance of people and their needs. This paper will define what sustainable city is and show how certain innovative elements have been introduced in Copenhagen in order to achieve city sustainability. In that regard, an overview of innovative urban solutions in the context of environmental protection will be given. A comparative analysis of the achievement of the SDG 11 objective - Sustainable Cities and Sustainable Communities in Copenhagen will be carried out in relation to the other European Union capitals. The aim of this research is to determine whether Copenhagen is a sustainable city and how sustainable cities contribute to promoting the sustainable development goals. Finally, proposals will be made to achieve those objectives for other cities, based on the results achieved by the City of Copenhagen.

scholarly journals Sustainable Landscape between Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Beata Majerska-Palubicka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Sustainable Landscape ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Housing Estates

Currently, there is a tendency in architecture to search for solutions implementing the assumptions of the sustainable development paradigm. A number of them are components of architecture, which in the future will certainly affect urban planning and architecture to a much greater extent. An issue of great significance is the need to integrate sustainable system elements with the spatial structure of environmentally friendly architectural facilities and complexes in order to achieve harmony between the built and natural environment, which is a basis of sustainable development. In this article, the author would like to solve the problem of how to design buildings, housing estates and towns so that their impact on the environment will be acceptable, i.e. will not exceed the possibilities of natural environment regeneration.

scholarly journals Definitions and Redefinitions of Urban Sustainability: A Bibliometric Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Hamman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Bibliometric Approach

This paper investigates evolutions in and alternatives to the “sustainable development” paradigm and examines these new trends. It offers a review of the social science literature that focuses on the language of the “sustainable city” used by researchers and experts in sociology, geography and urban studies since 2009. First, five main variants of “sustainable city” discourses are evidenced by the statistical and lexical analyses: the “recyclable city”, the “compact city”, the “green city”, the “just city” and the “participatory city”. They are often in conflict and subject to debate. Then, four main “alternatives” are identified: degrowth, resilience, sustainable transformation and transition. Yet they remain specific to restricted sectors or characterized by a binary vision.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

SIMPLIFIED DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Asfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT This is an investigation of the practical clinical value of the one mg dexamethasone suppression test of Nugent et al. (1963). The results, evaluated from the decrease in fluorimetrically determined plasma corticosteroids in normal subjects, as well as in cases of exogenous obesity, hirsutism and in Cushing's syndrome, confirm the findings reported in previous studies. Plasma corticosteroid reduction after one mg of dexamethasone in cases of stable diabetes was not significantly different from that observed in control subjects, but in one third of the insulin-treated diabetics only a partial response was observed, indicating a slight hypercorticism in these patients. An insufficient decrease in plasma corticosteroids was observed in certain other conditions (anorexia nervosa, pituitary adenoma, patients receiving contraceptive or anticonvulsive treatment) with no hypercorticism. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed. It is concluded that the test, together with a determination of the basal urinary 17-ketogenic steroid excretion, is suitable as the first diagnostic test in patients in whom Cushing's syndrome is suspected. In cases of insufficient suppression of plasma corticosteroids, further studies, including the suppression test of Liddle (1960), must be carried out.

A Validated 2D-LC-UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Imatinib and N-demethylimatinib in Plasma and Its Clinical Application for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring with GIST Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houli Li ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Xiaoliang Cheng ◽  
Qiaowei Zheng ◽  
Kai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Injection Volume ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
The One ◽  
Middle Column

Background: The trough concentration (Cmin) of Imatinib (IM) is closely related to the treatment outcomes and adverse reactions of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). However, the drug plasma level has great interand intra-individual variability, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is highly recommended. Objective: To develop a novel, simple, and economical two-dimensional liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detector (2D-LC-UV) for simultaneous determination of IM and its major active metabolite, N-demethyl imatinib (NDIM) in human plasma, and then apply the method for TDM of the drug. Method: Sample was processed by simple protein precipitation. Two target analytes were separated on the one-dimension column, captured on the middle column, and then transferred to the two-dimension column for further analysis. The detection was performed at 264 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 40˚C and the injection volume was 500 μL. Totally 32 plasma samples were obtained from patients with GIST who were receiving IM. Method: Sample was processed by simple protein precipitation. Two target analytes were separated on the one-dimension column, captured on the middle column, and then transferred to the two-dimension column for further analysis. The detection was performed at 264 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 40˚C and the injection volume was 500 μL. Totally 32 plasma samples were obtained from patients with GIST who were receiving IM. Conclusion: The novel 2D-LC-UV method is simple, stable, highly automated and independent of specialized technicians, which greatly increases the real-time capability of routine TDM for IM in hospital.

scholarly journals The Concept of Accuracy Analysis of the Vertical Displacements Gained from the Hydrostatic Levelling Systems’ Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4842
Author(s):  
Waldemar Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Serial Connection ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Comprehensive Determination ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reference Sensor

Nowadays, hydrostatic levelling is a widely used method for the vertical displacements’ determinations of objects such as bridges, viaducts, wharfs, tunnels, high buildings, historical buildings, special engineering objects (e.g., synchrotron), sports and entertainment halls. The measurements’ sensors implemented in the hydrostatic levelling systems (HLSs) consist of the reference sensor (RS) and sensors located on the controlled points (CPs). The reference sensor is the one that is placed at the point that (in theoretical assumptions) is not a subject to vertical displacements and the displacements of controlled points are determined according to its height. The hydrostatic levelling rule comes from the Bernoulli’s law. While using the Bernoulli’s principle in hydrostatic levelling, the following components have to be taken into account: atmospheric pressure, force of gravity, density of liquid used in sensors places at CPs. The parameters mentioned above are determined with some mean errors that influence on the accuracy assessment of vertical displacements. In the subject’s literature, there are some works describing the individual accuracy analyses of the components mentioned above. In this paper, the author proposes the concept of comprehensive determination of mean error of vertical displacement (of each CPs), calculated from the mean errors’ values of components dedicated for specific HLS. The formulas of covariances’ matrix were derived and they enable to make the accuracy assessment of the calculations’ results. The author also presented the subject of modelling of vertical displacements’ gained values. The dependences, enabling to conduct the statistic tests of received model’s parameters, were implemented. The conducted tests make it possible to verify the correctness of used theoretical models of the examined object treated as the rigid body. The practical analyses were conducted for two simulated variants of sensors’ connections in HLS. Variant no. I is the sensors’ serial connection. Variant no. II relies on the connection of each CPs with the reference sensor. The calculations’ results show that more detailed value estimations of the vertical displacements can be obtained using variant no. II.

Russian experience in assessing informal employment indicators and their compliance with SDG indicators

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Elena Zarova ◽  
Dr Konstantin Laykam ◽  
Elvira Dubravskaya ◽  
Sergey Musikhin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

This article describes on the one hand statistical methods for assessing informal employment based on the requirements as set by international standards. On the other hand it describes the potential of integrating various data sources to generate informal employment statistics. With as example official statistics of the Russian Federation, the authors show the features of applying the requirements of international standards. Methods are proposed for assessing informal employment in the formal sector of the economy, i.e. in enterprises that submit employment reports to the National Statistical Office. This phenomenon appears in the employment situation of many countries. However, there is no uniformity between countries in how they evaluate the application of the international standards in such assessment exercises. A theoretical model of informal employment is developed and validated based on statistical data published by international organizations. The validation focuses on assessing the causal relationships between informal employment indicators and the main components of the sustainable development goals. This analysis contributes to coordinated decisions on regulating informal employment and ensuring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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