The extraction of total lipids from parsley: Petroselinum crispum (mill.) Nym. Ex. A.W. Hill) seeds

The kinetics of extraction of total lipids from ground parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex. A.W. Hill) seeds with a mixture of ethanol or methanol with non-polar organic solvents, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and petroleum ether, at various temperatures were studied. The maceration technique with reflux was used. The kinetic parameters were determined in extraction kinetic equations, as well as the optimal operation conditions for total lipids extraction. The maximum total lipids yield under optimal conditions was 33.7 g per 100 g of dry parsley seeds. Nine lipid fractions of the total lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography among which were phospholipids, sterol, mono-, di- and triacylglycerol, free fatty acids and carbohydrates.

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Reduced-Pressure Boiling Extraction of Oleuropein Coupled with Ultrasonication from Olive Leaves (Olea europaeaL.)

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/719485 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pu-jun Xie ◽

Li-xin Huang ◽

Cai-hong Zhang ◽

Feng You ◽

Cheng-zhang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Sem Images ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Operation Conditions

Oleuropein was extracted fromFrantoioolive leaves using reduced-pressure boiling extraction coupled with ultrasound-assist (URPE). Four important factors, extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, ethanol concentration, and the ratio of solid to liquid, were selected to carry out the response surface methodology (RSM) for seeking optimal conditions on high oleuropein extraction yield at different levels. Box-Behnken design was employed to investigate the effects of the four factors on it. The results showed that the ratio of solid to liquid was the most significant factor of all on oleuropein yield. The optimal operation conditions were obtained as follows: ethanol concentration 75% (v/v), extraction temperature 53°C, ultrasonic power 600 W, and the ratio of solid to liquid 1 : 31. Under these optimal conditions, oleuropein extraction yield was 7.08%, which was close to the predicted value 7.121%. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of olive leaves after extraction were provided as well. It was seen that, compared with the untreated leaves, URPE could effectively break cells within the olive leaves.

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Composition and Distribution of Lipids in Tissues of Bogue (Boops boops)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1985-7-819 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (7-8) ◽

pp. 562-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vassihos M. Kapoulas ◽

Sofia Miniadis-Meimaroglou

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Glyceryl Ether ◽

Fatty Alcohols ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Triglyceride Fraction ◽

Lipid Fractions ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Boops Boops

Abstract Total lipids from liver, head, skin and muscle of Bogue were separately isolated and their composition was investigated by a combination of analytical determinations, and column and thin layer chromatography. The major components of the neutral lipid fractions from all tissues studied were triglycerides, followed by cholesterol. The triglyceride fraction of skin and head contains significant amounts of glyceryl ether analogs. Low contents of free fatty alcohols were also identified, decreasing in the order: head, muscle, skin and liver. The major components of all phospholipid fractions was phosphatidylcholine (viz. 36-59% of total phospholipids) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (viz. 23-34% of total phos pholipids). Low amounts of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine were also identified in all cases. All the tissues studied were found to contain plasmalogens, as well as glyceryl ether analogs in both, the depot fats and the phospholipid fractions.

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A Rapid Extraction and Quantification of Total Lipids and Lipid Fractions in Blood and Feces

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/16.4.339 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 339-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J S Amenta

Keyword(s):

Plasma Lipids ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Lipid Fractions ◽

Chloroform Phase ◽

Analytical System ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Chloroform Methanol ◽

Cacl2 Solution

Abstract An analytical system for plasma lipids suitable for use in the large and small clinical laboratory is presented. Lipids are extracted into a chloroform— methanol solvent and concentrated into a chloroform phase by a wash with an aqueous CaCl2 solution. This extract is used to estimate total lipids and (after separation by thin-layer chromatography) the major lipid fractions. A single acid dichromate reagent is used for all quantification steps. Normal ranges for the proposed method are presented. The method with minor modifications is also used for quantification of fecal lipids. Lipids in other body fluids can be conveniently analyzed with this flexible method.

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The Kinetics of Glucose Decomposition with Sulfate Reduction in the Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0092 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 135-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Matsui ◽

R. Ikemoto Yamamoto ◽

Y. Tsuchiya ◽

B. Inanc

Keyword(s):

Sulfate Reduction ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽

Order Reaction ◽

First Order Reaction ◽

First Order ◽

Glucose Decomposition ◽

Reaction Equations ◽

Kinetics Of

Using a fluidized bed reactor, experiments on glucose decomposition with and without sulfate reduction were conducted. Glucose in the reactor was mainly decomposed into lactate and ethanol. Lactate was mainly decomposed into propionate and acetate, while ethanol was decomposed into propionate, acetate, and hydrogen. Sulfate reduction was not involved in the decomposition of glucose, lactate, and ethanol, but was related to propionate and acetate decomposition. The stepwise reactions were modeled using either a Monod expression or first order reaction kinetics in respect to the reactions. The coefficients of the kinetic equations were determined experimentally. The modified Monod and first order reaction equations were effective at predicting concentrations of glucose, lactate, ethanol, propionate, acetate, and sulfate along the beight of the reactor. With sulfate reduction, propionate was decomposed into acetate, while without sulfate reduction, accumulation of propionate was observed in the reactor. Sulfate reduction accelerated propionate conversion into acetate by decreasing the hydrogen concentration.

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Kinetics of the catalytic hydrodesulphurization reaction system; hydrogenolysis of thiophene

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19802728 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 2728-2741 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pavel Fott ◽

Petr Schneider

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Active Sites ◽

Flow Reactor ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Reaction System ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Molybdenum Catalyst ◽

Cobalt Molybdenum Catalyst ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Reaction Schemes

Kinetics have been studied of the reaction system taking place during the reaction of thiophene on the cobalt-molybdenum catalyst in a gradientless circulation flow reactor at 360 °C and atmospheric pressure. Butane has been found present in a small amount in the reaction products even at very low conversion. In view of this, consecutive and parallel-consecutive (triangular) reaction schemes have been proposed. In the former scheme the appearance of butane is accounted for by rate of desorption of butene being comparable with the rate of its hydrogenation. According to the latter scheme part of the butane originates from thiophene via a different route than through hydrogenation of butene. Analysis of the kinetic data has revealed that the reaction of thiophene should be considered to take place on other active sites than that of butene. Kinetic equations derived on this assumption for the consecutive and the triangular reaction schemes correlate experimental data with acceptable accuracy.

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β Grain Growth Kinetics of a New Metastable β Titanium Alloy

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.844 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 747-748 ◽

pp. 844-849 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yue Fei ◽

Xin Nan Wang ◽

Zhi Shou Zhu ◽

Jun Li ◽

Guo Qiang Shang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloy ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Type Equation ◽

Growth Exponent ◽

Solution Treated ◽

Growth Activation ◽

Grain Growth Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Strength And Ductility

Ti-Mo-Nb-Cr-Al-Fe-Si alloy is a new metastable β titanium alloy with excellent combination of strength and ductility. The β grain-growth exponent and the activation energies for β grain growth for the investigated alloy at specified temperature were computed by the kinetic equations and the Arrhenius-type equation. The rate of β grain growth decreases with elongating solution treated time and increases with the increasing solution-treated temperature. The β grain-growth exponents, n, are 0.461, 0.464 and 0.469 at 1113, 1133 and 1153K, respectively. The β grain growth activation energy is determined to be 274 KJ/mol.

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Purification of neutral lipid fractions by thin-layer chromatography on aluminum oxide

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39624-3 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 572-574

Author(s):

J.M. Lederkremer ◽

Ralph M. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Lipid Fractions ◽

Layer Chromatography

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Fluoride Leaching of Titanium from Ti-Bearing Electric Furnace Slag in [NH4+]-[F−] Solution

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11081176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1176

Author(s):

Fuqiang Zheng ◽

Yufeng Guo ◽

Feng Chen ◽

Shuai Wang ◽

Jinlai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Electric Furnace ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

Leaching Rate ◽

Surface Chemical Reaction ◽

Mechanism And Kinetics ◽

Semi Empirical ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Furnace Slag

The effects of F− concentration, leaching temperature, and time on the Ti leaching from Ti-bearing electric furnace slag (TEFS) by [NH4+]-[F−] solution leaching process was investigated to reveal the leaching mechanism and kinetics of titanium. The results indicated that the Ti leaching rate obviously increased with the increase of leaching temperature and F− concentration. The kinetic equation of Ti leaching was obtained, and the activation energy was 52.30 kJ/mol. The fitting results of kinetic equations and calculated values of activation energy both indicated that the leaching rate of TEFS was controlled by surface chemical reaction. The semi-empirical kinetics equation was consistent with the real experimental results, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.996. The Ti leaching rate reached 92.83% after leaching at 90 °C for 20 min with F− concentration of 14 mol/L and [NH4+]/[F−] ratio of 0.4. The leaching rates of Si, Fe, V, Mn, and Cr were 94.03%, 7.24%, 5.36%, 4.54%, and 1.73%, respectively. The Ca, Mg, and Al elements were converted to (NH4)3AlF6 and CaMg2Al2F12 in the residue, which can transform into stable oxides and fluorides after pyro-hydrolyzing and calcinating.

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Preliminary Study on Reaction Kinetics of Ammonia Nitrogen in Aqueous Samples Removed by Microbial Nano-Silica Ball

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.528 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 528-531

Author(s):

Chao Yin ◽

Jia Lu ◽

Xiao Hou Shao ◽

Xin Yu Mao ◽

Long Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Kinetics ◽

Enrichment Culture ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Culture Liquid ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Aqueous Samples ◽

Nano Silica ◽

N Removal ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Kinetics Of

EM enrichment culture liquid was immobilized on nano-silica carrier to form microbial nano ball, so as to investigate the reaction kinetics of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by microbial nano ball. The results showed that first order reaction kinetics model could describe NH4+-N removal by different diameter microbial nano-silica balls well. And the microbe could keep higher biological activity between 0-72h. Reaction kinetic equations of NH4+-N were: (1) when diameter was 10mm, (0-48h), (48-72h); (2) when diameter was 20mm, (0-48h), (48-72h); (3) (0-48h), (48-72h).

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