scholarly journals Moisture management properties of plain knitted fabrics made of natural and regenerated cellulose fibres

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milada Novakovic ◽  
Lana Putic ◽  
Matejka Bizjak ◽  
Snezana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Liquid Transport ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Moisture Management

Moisture management is a complicated process which is known to be influenced by a variety of fabric characteristics such as fibre nature (hydrophilic or hydrophobic), porosity and thickness. There are different aspects of the moisture management properties of textile materials since water transport in textile materials can be in the form of liquid and vapour. The ability of textile materials to transfer water vapour allows the human body to keep thermal balance due to evaporation. With stronger physical activity of a person when the body produces a large amount of heat, the skin perspiration increases (in order to regulate the body temperature) and liquid sweat should be taken from the skin, otherwise it will worsen the sense of comfort. The aim of this research was to investigate the factors influencing moisture management properties of plain knitted fabrics at the three scale levels, i.e. microscopic (fibre type), mesoscopic (yarn geometry) and macroscopic (fabric porosity) levels. Plain knitted fabrics were produced from the two-assembled hemp, cotton and viscose yarns under controlled conditions so as to be comparable in basic construction characteristics, but varying in yarns geometry. Evaporative resistance test reflecting vapour transport and water distribution test reflecting liquid transport in the knitted fabrics were conducted. To determine the statistical importance of the results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. As a consequence of the geometry and deformation behaviour of the fibres used and spinning techniques applied, the yarns differed in both packing density and surface geometry, thus determining the pore distribution. Due to loose structure of the cotton yarn, the cotton knitted fabric was characterised by the lowest free open surface (macroporosity) exhibiting the lowest both water vapour and liquid permeability. Although having the highest macroporosity, the water vapour and liquid transport capability of the hemp knitted fabric was lower than that of the viscose knit. The best moisture management properties of the viscose knitted fabric were resulted from viscose affinity for water absorption and increased surface area of the viscose yarn. The results obtained proved that variations in any of the hierarchical structure levels can modify moisture transport ability of textile fabrics. Therefore, the moisture management properties of textile materials can be guided in a desired direction by the appropriate selection of fibres and careful design of yarn structure.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of cotton knitted fabric structure of babywear on moisture management properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
SERAP BILTEKIN ◽  
AYÇA AYÇA
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Liquid Transport ◽  
Fabric Thickness ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Yarn Thickness ◽  
Cotton Knitted Fabric ◽  
Fabric Weight ◽  
Fabric Structures

In recent years, baby clothing has become an important role in the garment sector. The increasing importance of baby clothing, along with the new designs, different fabric structures, accessories and clothing comfort is required to develop. Due to the increasing importance given to baby health in the world, babywears have to be manufactured from materials that are not harmful to health in accordance with the standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cotton knitted fabrics structure of babywear on moisture management properties. For this reason, moisture management properties (wetting time, absorption rate, spreading speed, accumulative one-way transport capability (OWTC) and overall moisture management capability (OMMC)) of cotton knitted fabrics of different structures which are widely used in babywear have been examined. Moisture management tester was used for liquid transport of the knitted fabric samples. As a result of the study, it is observed that single jersey fabric had higher OMMC values than these of interlock and 1x1 rib knitted fabrics. Regarding the effect of yarn thickness, liquid transport increased with decreasing yarn thickness in general. Regarding the effect of fabric weight and fabric thickness, liquid transport decreased with increasing weight and thickness in general. Negative correlations were observed between fabric weight, fabric thickness and overall moisture management capability.

Some Studies on the Moisture Management Properties of Cotton and Bamboo Yarn Knitted Fabrics

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadhirah Mohd Amran ◽  
Mohd Rozi Ahmad ◽  
Mohamad Faizul Yahya ◽  
Amily Fikry ◽  
Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Water Vapour Permeability ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Spreading Area ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Cotton Yarns

This paper reports on the moisture management properties of fabrics made from yarns of 100% cotton, 100% bamboo and combination of bamboo and cotton yarns. The fabrics were knitted on a circular knitting machine and scoured before measuring them for moisture management capability, air permeability and water vapour permeability. The results showed that all fabrics have good overall moisture management capability which classified them as water penetration fabric with small spreading area. The fabric consisting of the combination of bamboo and cotton yarns of 83/17 ratio gave the highest air and water vapour permeability.

scholarly journals ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТРИКОТАЖНОГО ПОЛОТНА ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАНОРОЗМІРНИХ ОРГАНОСИЛІКОНОВИХ ПОМ’ЯКШУВАЧІВ

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
О. П. Сумська ◽  
Ю. А. Фещук ◽  
О. А. Гібелінда ◽  
Н. В. Панченко
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
The Stability

To determine the effect of nanosized organosilicon softeners on the indices of the technological properties of a knitted fabric, to assess the possibility of their improvement through the use of innovative finishing processing. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. In experimental studies, standardized methods and techniques were used, which are reflected in the laboratory by providing softening treatment for knitted fabrics. The sewing process was performed on a Juki DLL-8100e industrial sewing machine. The stitch frequency of the stitches was determined by the registration method. It is determined that the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners significantly affects the performance of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It was found that the Kolosil nanosized organosilicon softener, which was used by the selection method at a concentration of 4% of the processed material, has a maximum effect on the total deformation and increases the proportion of the slowly inverse deformation component. It is shown that the use of softeners has a positive effect on the stability of the linear dimensions of a knitted fabric. It is proved that the final processing of knitted fabric with innovative nanosized organosilicon softeners can be considered a factor in reducing the technological complexity of garments. The scientific hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners to improve the indicators of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It is shown that treatment with nanoscale softeners causes changes in the structure of fibers at the micro level, which are of paramount importance for the formation of technological properties of a knitted fabric. The research results can be used in the development of new materials with improved properties, in the design of clothing parts and in sewing knitted fabrics.

scholarly journals Influence of yarn folding on UV protection properties of hemp knitted fabrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Kocic ◽  
Dusan Popovic ◽  
Snezana Stankovic ◽  
Goran Poparic
Keyword(s):  
Uv Protection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Yarn Properties

In the last years the media have highlighted the damage of the ozone layer and the resulting increase of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the earth?s surface. Prolonged and repeated, both occupational and recreational, sun exposure of the population causes some detrimental effects. Clothing is considered to be one of the most important tools for UV protection. It is generally accepted that synthetic fibres provide a high UV protection capability of textiles, while cellulose fibres (cotton, linen, hemp, viscose) have a low UV absorption capacity. However, natural pigments, pectin and waxes in natural cellulose fibers, and lignin in hemp fibers, act as UV absorbers having a favorable effect on UPF of grey-state fabrics. Bearing in mind the trend of reintroduction of hemp fibers as a source of eco-friendly textiles, there is a serious lack of study about the potential of hemp materials in terms of UV protection. Folded yarn is a complex yarn composed of two or more component yarns arranged parallel and twisted together to make a ?new quality? yarn. Folding of yarns is an operation undertaken in order to modify single-yarn properties to an appreciable degree. There are very few investigations concerning the relationship between the yarn properties and UV protection effectiveness of the fabric made there from. In addition, there is no any result in the scientific literature about the influence of yarn folding on UV protection properties of textile materials. Having this in mind, for our research the idea was to evaluate the effect of yarn folding in this regard. The plain knitted fabrics composed of single or two-folded hemp yarn were compared in terms of UV protection properties. The Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF), as the quantitative measurement of the material effectiveness to protect the human skin against UVR, was determined for the textile materials by in vitro test method according to the European standard EN 13758. The knitted fabrics construction and physical properties were also determined. Bearing in mind that plain knitted fabrics are particularly susceptible to relaxation, they were subjected to relaxation and shrinkage by wetting process, and testing procedure was repeated on the water-treated samples. The results obtained indicated that the folding operation influences UV protection properties of knitted fabrics through an influence on a loop configuration, i.e. the fabric openness. Relaxation and shrinkage of the knitted fabrics due to wet relaxation caused the reduction of macro-porosity increasing the UPF of the knitted fabrics. Although the knitted fabric produced from single hemp yarn was characterized by higher UPF, the UVR transmittance of the folded hemp yarn knitted fabric after wet relaxation placed it in the ?excellent UV protection category? (according to European Standard EN 13758-2). This fact together with the better thermal comfort manifested itself in higher air permeability, confirmed the potential of folding operation in terms of UV protection properties of textile materials.

Thermal comfort properties of bamboo tencel knitted fabrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindan Karthikeyan ◽  
Govind Nalankilli ◽  
O L Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Chidambaram Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Water Vapour Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Single Jersey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the thermal comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabric structures made from bamboo, tencel and bamboo-tencel blended yarns. Design/methodology/approach – Bamboo, tencel fibre and blends of the two fibres were spun into yarns of identical linear density (30s Ne). Each of the blended yarns so produced was converted to single jersey knitted fabrics with loose, medium and tight structures. Findings – An increase in tencel fibre in the fabric had led to a reduction in fabric thickness and GSM. Air permeability and water-vapour permeability also increased with increase in tencel fibre content. The anticipated increase in air permeability and relative water vapour permeability with increase in stitch length was observed. The thermal conductivity of the fabrics was generally found to increase with increase in the proportion of bamboo. Research limitations/implications – It is clear from the foregoing that, although a considerable amount of work has been done on bamboo blends and their properties, still there are many gaps existing in the literature, in particular, on thermal comfort, moisture management and spreading characteristics. Thus the manuscript addresses these issues and provides valuable information on the comfort characteristics of the blended fabrics for the first time. In the evolution of this manuscript, it became apparent that a considerable amount of work was needed to fill up the gaps existing in the literature and hence this work which deals with an investigation of the blend yarn properties and comfort properties of knitted fabrics was taken up. Originality/value – This research work is focused on the thermal comfort parameters of knitted fabrics made from 100 per cent tencel yarn, 100 per cent bamboo yarn and tencel/bamboo blended yarns of different blend ratios.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort properties of cotton/spandex single jersey knitted fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
AMANY HALIL ◽  
PAVLA TĚŠINOVÁ ◽  
ABDELHAMID R.R. ABOALASAAD
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Water Vapour Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Cotton Knitted Fabric ◽  
Single Jersey

Knitted fabrics are characterized by comfort compared to woven fabrics due to their high extensibility and airpermeability, but they have lower dimensional stability after repeated washing especially single jersey knitted fabric(SJKF). Therefore, the spandex (Lycra) core-spun yarns are used to maintain the dimensions of knitted fabrics duringuse and after repeated stresses. In this study, nine elastic SJKF samples were produced at three levels of loop lengthand spandex percent using yarn linear density 30/1 Ne. For comparison, three 100% cotton knitted samples wereproduced with the same levels of loop length and yarn count. The dimensional and thermal comfort properties of thelong-stretch samples were compared with the short-stretch cotton knitted fabric. The thermal comfort properties (thermalconductivity, resistance, absorptivity, and water vapour permeability), air permeability, and dimensional properties weremeasured and compared to 100% cotton samples. The results showed that the stitch density, fabric density, fabricthickness, and thermal resistance increased, whereas the air, water vapour permeability, and spirality angle decreasedin cotton/spandex samples.

Thermal Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics Suitable for Skin Layer of Protective Clothing Worn in Extreme Hot Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Nawaz ◽  
Olga Troynikov ◽  
Chris Watson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Water Vapour Permeability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability

Key words: Physiological comfort, knitted fabrics, protective clothing Abstract. Thermal comfort of clothing is associated with the thermal balance between human body and the environment, and also a balance between the body heat production and the heat loss. During work activities performed in extreme hot conditions, the body produces substantial amount of heat energy which leads to raised body temperature. As a result the body perspires in liquid and vapour form to reduce the increased temperature. When this perspiration is transmitted to the atmosphere, the body temperature reduces. Thus the garments worn next to skin should allow the perspiration and heat to easily pass through them; otherwise the result will be a significant discomfort of the persons working in extreme hot conditions. Therefore, thermal properties and water vapour permeability of the fabrics used for the next-to-skin layer of protective clothing are very important for the maintenance of physiological comfort of workers. In the present study physical parameters, air permeability, porosity, thermal and water vapour permeability of six commercially available knitted fabrics of different fibre blends, different and knitted structures suitable for skin layer garments of protective clothing worn in extreme hot conditions were evaluated. The influences of fabric physical parameters, and optical porosity on thermal conductivity and water vapour permeability of fabrics were determined and correlation coefficients were calculated between these variables.

scholarly journals The Effect of Softeners Applications on Moisture Management Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Sandwich Weft-Knitted Fabric Structure

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Amna Siddique ◽  
Tufail Hassan ◽  
Sharjeel Abid ◽  
Munir Ashraf ◽  
Azmat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Weft Knitted Fabric ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Fabric Comfort ◽  
Concentration Levels

Prolonged drying times of terry fabrics is a problem as they can not be re-used until completely dry. To resolve this issue, we have designed a sandwich polyester in the mid-layer with low moisture content that could reduce the drying time with excellent wicking properties. These fabrics are widely used as activewear and sportswear. The effect of different softeners on the moisture management properties of weft-knitted terry fabrics’ for various applications has also been studied. Terry knitted fabrics were prepared using a circular knitting machine. Six different softeners were applied with three different concentrations, i.e., 10 g/L, 15 g/L, and 20 g/L, on the fabric using the pad-dry-cure method. Moisture management tests and rubbing fastness tests were performed to analyze the applied softener’s effect on the fabric comfort and moisture management performance. Results revealed that softener type (i.e., cationic, anionic, and non-ionic) and concentration levels considerably affect the moisture management capability of terry knitted fabrics.

scholarly journals WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY AS A FACTOR OF THE THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMFORT OF KNITTED FABRICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Sonja Jordeva ◽  
Sashka Golomeova-Longurova
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Simple Technology

Comfort is not a feature of textile material, but a pleasant feeling in humans affected by many factors, including the characteristics of textile material. Comfort is an important factor for consumers that influences the decision when buying clothes and determines customer satisfaction with products. Thermophysiological comfort refers to the feelings of hot, cold, dry, wet and is influenced by environmental factors such as heat, moisture and movement on the air. In recent years, interest in knitted products has been growing owing to the simple technology for their production, low costs and a high level of comfort of knitted garments. Knitting technology faces rapid changes in terms of the requirements of fashion and customer performance. Knitted fabrics should not only have stretch and provide freedom of movement, but they should also be soft and easily transmit vapor from the body. The demands of consumers regarding the quality of clothing are changing in accordance with the development of textile technology and the rise in the standard of living. Assuring the thermal stability of the human body is one of the most important functions of clothing. Knitted fabrics are hygroscopic and have good thermal conductivity. They have the ability to submit multiple uses without significant changes in external appearance. Clothing that manages the moisture, thus enabling the body to feel dry and comfortable, is one of the main criteria for quality clothing. The ease with which the knitted fabric transports moisture from the body depends on the characteristics of the fiber, that is, the raw material composition, but even more so from the geometric characteristics of the knitted fabric. The paper examined the permeability of water vapor in cotton knitted fabric for underwear made from cotton yarn of the same fineness, embedded in three different interlacing, single jersey, double jersey 1: 1 (rib) and interlock jersey. According to the results, the two-sided interlacing double jersey 1: 1 (rib) and interlock jersey have shown better water vapor transport, which means that t-shirts made from these knitted fabrics will absorb the sweat faster from the body, giving them a feeling of greater comfort. The choice of appropriate clothing for a particular purpose should be made on the basis of user requirements, the thermal characteristics of the material and the interaction between the material and the user in different environments.

scholarly journals Functional Textile for Active Wear Clothing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramratan Guru ◽  
Anupam Kumar ◽  
Rohit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Water Vapour Permeability ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Knit Fabrics ◽  
Antimicrobial Performance

Moisture management property is an important aspect of any fabric meant for active wear fabric, which decides the comfort level of that fabric specially used as active wear garments. Regular physical activity is important to maintain consistency in human health. To achieve comfort and functional support during various activities such as walking, stretching, jogging etc., athletes and sports persons use active wear clothing. A fabric’s moisture management performance is also influenced by its air and water vapour permeability. The moisture management finish (MMF) and Antimicrobial finish (AMF) have been used to increase moisture absorbency; improves wetting, wicking action and antimicrobial performance. In this study, influence of MMF and AMF finishes on the moisture management property of different knitted active wear fabrics had been carried out. For the study two different knit fabrics of 100% Polyester and 100% Nylon with three different GSM levels (100, 130 and 160) has been selected. Further two varieties of commercially available functional fabric finishes have been also taken for the study. The result shows that in case of finished fabric at certain concentration level, as the fabric GSM increases the value of Accumulative one-way transport index (OWTI) %, water vapour permeability but same time drying rate increases. The result shows that in case of finished fabric at certain concentration level, as the fabric GSM increases the value of accumulative one-way transport index (OWTI) %, water vapour permeability decreases but same time drying rate increases. The knitted fabrics of 100% Polyester and 100% Nylon composition follow the similar trend. Further with the increase of fabric finish concentration level, OWTI %, and water vapour permeability (WVP) factor decreases while the drying rate increases.

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