scholarly journals Standard Serbian stress and prefixation of adjectives and verbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Milorad Desic
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
Prefixed Words ◽  
Large Groups

Debate on stress in prefixed words should take into account not only the stress of the basic form of the prefixed lexeme but also the stress in other forms. In this paper, stress in adjectives and verbs is divided into two groups: lexical (comprising the two lexemes: the base word and the prefixed one) and morphological (stress in other forms). Starting with lexical stress, examples are classified into two large groups: the first group includes examples of lexical stress on the stem of the prefixed word, while the second one includes lexical stress on the prefix. Depending on the type of changes in stress, adjectives are further classified into three subgroups: the first subgroup includes examples where no changes in stress occur in either the base or prefixed lexeme, the second includes the ones where change in stress occurs only in the base word, whereas the third subgroup comprises examples where changes in stress occur in both the base and prefixed lexeme. In verbs, only one type of change in stress is found: a change related to both the base and prefixed lexeme. The author analyzes the correlation between lexical and morphological stress in a prefixed word, pointing out that the shift of stress to the prefix is reversible: proclitic (moving from the stem with a falling stress) and prefixal in a narrower sense (moving from the stem with a rising stress).

The role of vowel parameters in defining lexical and subsidiary stress in Ukrainian

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Łukaszewicz ◽  
Janina Mołczanow
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Initial Syllable

Abstract Recent work suggests that Ukrainian represents a typologically rare bidirectional stress system with internal lapses, i.e. sequences of unstressed syllables in the vicinity of primary stress (Łukaszewicz and Mołczanow 2018a, b). The system is more intricate than the hitherto known bidirectional systems (e.g. Polish), and thus interesting from the theoretical perspective, as it involves interaction between free lexical stress and secondary stresses. Lexical and subsidiary prominence in Ukrainian have been shown to be expressed acoustically in terms of increased duration of the whole syllable. This leaves open the question of the role of classic vowel parameters in shaping prominence effects in this language. The present study fills this gap by investigating vowel duration, intensity, and F0 as potential acoustic correlates of primary and secondary stress in Ukrainian. It focuses on words with primary stress on the fifth syllable. Such words are predicted to have secondary stress on the first and third syllables. The results point to statistically significant lengthening of vowels carrying lexical stress as well as of those in the initial syllable, but not in the third syllable. A possible explanation is that other parameters, e.g. consonant duration, may be crucial in the case of word-internal subsidiary stress in Ukrainian.

The Social Unconscious and the Large Group – Part III: Listening to the Voices in the Wind

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tubert-Oklander ◽  
Reyna Hernández-Tubert
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Large Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Unconscious ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Group Part

This is the third of a series of three articles, based on the lecture we delivered at the International Workshop ‘Studies of Large Groups and Social Unconscious’, which took place in Belgrade in June 2013. In the first part we compared the British and the Latin American traditions of group analysis. In the second, we discussed the conception of the social unconscious and the group analytic large group, in both traditions. Now we present our own approach to large groups and discuss the problem of the wider context in which the large group takes place.

Simplifying Homeopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 097-102
Author(s):  
Anne Vervarcke
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inner Work ◽  
Dimension Groups ◽  
Software Programs ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Large Groups

AbstractAfter the initial enthusiasm in the homeopathic community about the exciting progress and expansion since the 1980s, the sobering fact seems to be that we evolved in the direction of such sophistication that our dear system becomes unmanageable. We did our inner work, try to balance things that were somehow off but still the plain fact is that we are still crushed under too much information. And there is no way to stop it! We are only at the beginning of exploring and including every single species on the planet and beyond in our Materia Medica. But we've already come to a point where even the fastest and most extensive software programs won't help us solve a case. In this article, I argue that we need to boil down the overwhelming bulk of data to clear, simple and reliable pointers to large groups and then smaller groups. The best way to do this is adding the ‘context’ in the analysis. Though often overlooked it turns out to be solid information. The first distinction in a case analysis could be between the Second Dimension (Rocks and Stones, Gems, Bacteria, Viruses, Sarcodes) and the Third Dimension groups (Plants, Animal and Fungi) and often the context will decide. Some information on these groups is given, in an attempt to make homeopathy manageable again without losing its refinement.

scholarly journals Human–animal interactions and animal welfare in conventionally and pen-housed rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Augustsson ◽  
L. Lindberg ◽  
A. U. Höglund ◽  
K. Dahlborn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
The Third ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Large Groups

The main aim of the present study was to explore the significance of large group/greater pen housing (PH) versus standard Makrolon caging (ST) in three behaviour tests related to human-animal interactions in the adult male laboratory rat. The rats' perception of human interaction was tested in three behavioural tests, of which two reflected common practical procedures, capture and restraint, whereas the third was a human approach test in a Y-maze. The rats' anticipatory reactions to handling and the reactions to restraint did not differ between groups, but the ST rats approached a human hand more quickly than did the PH rats ( P < 0.01). Although food intake did not differ, ST rats gained more weight ( P < 0.01) and had higher total cholesterol values ( P < 0.01) than PH rats. In conclusion, this study shows that housing rats in large groups in an enriched environment did not influence their anticipatory reaction to handling in normal handling situations. However, as the PH rats tended to have a longer approach latency than ST rats in the Y-maze there might be underlying differences in appraisal that are not detected in practical situations. In addition, the PH rats weighed less and had lower total cholesterol values than ST rats and their urine corticosterone values were higher. These effects are suggested to be due to higher physical activity in the PH rats, and the implications of this on the animal as a model is discussed.

From Good Communists to Even Better Capitalists? Entrepreneurial Pathways in Post-Socialist Romania

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cătălin Augustin Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peasant Workers ◽  
Organizational Experience ◽  
Political Capitalism

This article tests four theses regarding the origins of Romanian post-socialist entrepreneurs: (1) “political capitalism,” (2) “post-socialist managerialism,” (3) “capitalism from below,” and (4) “refuge from poverty.” The results of the analyses show that the former cadres are at an advantage in being employers due to their organizational experience and network resources. Nevertheless, in line with arguments advanced by the second thesis mentioned above, education, as the most basic form of human capital, plays an important role in this story of entrepreneurship. Consistent with the predictions of the third thesis, the experience in the second economy under state socialism, as a form of cultural capital, represents an asset for being an employer and a small business operator in 2000. Private farming is an avenue taken by former socialist farmers and by some of those who have lost their jobs after 1990, especially the former peasant-workers of state socialism.

scholarly journals La tipología de las explotaciones en función de su viabilidad económica y demográfica; aplicación a las explotaciones de bovino en Galicia

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sineiro García ◽  
Edelmiro López Iglesias ◽  
Roberto Lorenzana Fernández ◽  
Bernardo Valdês Paços
Keyword(s):  
Data Bases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Present Structure ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Large Groups

In this article, data bases from the 1989 and 1999 Agricultural Censuses are employed in order to elaborate a typology of the bovine farms in Galicia, which is based on the farms economic and demographic viability. The analysis allows us to conclude that the sector is integrated by three large groups of farms, with very different characteristics and perspectives. The first group is made of farms with economic and demographic viability, representing only 1/5 of the total although concentrating most of the output, whereas the second contains 1/3 of the total number of farms which are operated by farmers aged 55 or above without successor, and in its majority of very small size. Finally, the third is the most numerous group (50% of the total) and formed by farms with a more uncertain future, because they have possibility of succession but are not economically viable. Thus, the obtained results are used in three ways: to offer an analysis of the present structure of the sector, to interpret its recent transformations, and to project the tendencies for the next decade (1999-2009).

The Independence of the Judiciary under the Third Republican Constitution of Nigeria

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ikhariale
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Economic Underdevelopment ◽  
The Government

One of the fundamental principles underlying the Nigerian constitutional process is that of the independence of the judiciary. The concept, in its basic form, embodies the entire philosophy of constitutional democracy especially as emphasised by the preamble to the Constitution which is for “promoting the good government and welfare of all persons … on the principles of Equality, Freedom and Justice”. In a country such as Nigeria which is presently characterised by political and economic underdevelopment, it is generally considered constitutionally desirable that a viable contrivance such as the institutional separation of the judiciary from the other arms of the government is a necessary bulwark against all forms of political and social tyranny, administrative victimisation and oppression. In other words, the freedom of the judicature from any influence, whether exerted by the legislature or the executive, or even from the judiciary itself, which is capable of leading to any form of injustice, abuse, miscarriage of justice, judicial insensitivity or other court-related vices is a condition sine qua non for the establishment of a durable political order based on the rule of law and constitutionalism.The notion of the independence of the judiciary has its philosophical ancestry in the time-honoured theory of the separation of powers, a doctrine which incidentally features prominently in the allocation of state powers under the Nigerian constitutional scheme.

Citizen's Deliberation on the Internet

2011 ◽  
pp. 379-393
Author(s):  
Laurence Monnoyer-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rational Discourse ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Large Groups

Within the frame of the deliberative democratic theory, development of information and communication technology (ICT) has been proposed as a solution to enhance discussion in large groups and foster political participation among citizens. Critics have however underlined the limits of such technological innovations that do not generate the expected diversity of viewpoints. This paper highlights the limits of a Habermassian conception of deliberation, which restrains it to a specific type of rational discourse and harnesses citizens’ expression within strict procedural constraints. Our case study, the DUCSAI debate — that is, the French public debate about the location of the third international Parisian airport — shows that the added value of Internet-based deliberation rests in that it has widened both the participant’s profile, the nature of their argumentation and their means of expression. The use of ICT in this context has empowered the actors by giving them the opportunity to master the technical constraints of the debate.

scholarly journals Conjugational types in Croatian

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
Zrinka Jelaska ◽  
Tomislava Bošnjak Botica
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
Verb Conjugation ◽  
Cognitive Approaches

This paper analyses a new classification of verb conjugation types in Croatian, which is based on both their canonical form – the infinitive, which is the non-finite verbal form par excellence, and the basic form – the present, which is on the other end of the finiteness scale. The first chapter provides a brief overview of Croatian conjugational typology, starting from the grammar by B. Kašić (1604) until the most recent grammars by Silić and Pranjković (2005), as well as Jelaska (2015), ranging from one up to twenty-nine categories. The recent typologies within structuralist, generative and cognitive approaches are described in more detail, especially in Jelaska and Bošnjak Botica (2012), where prototype-based categorization is argued for as the most appropriate categorization. The second part of the paper analyses some properties of the present classification into three groups (a, i, e) and ten types within them: the shape, productivity, size, usage and the relations between them. The data consists of 24,400 Croatian verbs, which are categorized into groups, types and subtypes. The first group has only one type as member (verbs such as gledati), the second has three members (verbs such as moliti, vidjeti and trčati), the third has six (verbs like pisati, smijati se, putovati, davati, viknuti, ići).

scholarly journals Theory of names and cognitive linguistics: The case of the metaphor

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Dobric
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Insight Into

The philosophical and, in a lesser degree, linguistic debate about the notion of names has been raging for a long time. The processes behind naming are presented and explained in various ways. This paper will try to give a new insight into the motivation behind the creation of new names as seen from the linguistics viewpoint. Metaphor, as one of the major sources of motivation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, is the basic form of human conceptualization. The first part of the paper presents the current theories about names. The second part describes the basic principles of cognitive linguistics as related to metaphors. The third part deals with providing the evidence regarding metaphor involvement in original creation of people's names, while the last part of the paper presents examples from the Serbian language.

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