The acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on oxidative stress in rat brain

Introduction Oxidative stress and oxygen free radicals are thought to play an important role in acute effects of a number of neurotoxic processes. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), a ring substituted amphetamine derivate, has attracted a great deal of media attention in recent years due to its widespread abuse as recreational drug by the young generation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on oxidative stress parameters (index of lipid peroxidation - ILP, superoxide radicals O2-, superoxide dismutase - SOD and glutathione - GSH) in frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus in Wistar rats. Materials and methods The study included 40 male Wistar rats (200-250 g), housed 4 per cage having free access to food and water. MDMA was dissolved in distillated water and administered peroraly at 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg. 8 hours following MDMA, the rats were killed by decapitation, their brains were rapidly removed and the brain structures were dissected out on ice and analyzed biochemically. Results Acute peroral administration of a single dose (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) resulted in increase of ILP, O2-, SOD and decrease of GSH. Conclusion The results obtained in the present study suggest that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and that the mechanism of MDMA neurotoxycity may vary between brain regions.

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Anxiety-related behavior in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload in rats: role of the brain oxidative stress

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2015-0581 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1074-1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dragan Hrncic ◽

Jelena Mikić ◽

Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽

Milica Velimirović ◽

Tihomir Stojković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Open Field ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Brain Oxidative Stress ◽

The Brain

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methionine-enriched diet on anxiety-related behavior in rats and to determine the role of the brain oxidative status in these alterations. Adult male Wistar rats were fed from the 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing with standard diet: 7.7 g/kg). Rats were tested in open field and light–dark tests and afterwards oxidative status in the different brain regions were determined. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine-enriched diet in this study decreased the number of rearings, as well as the time that these animals spent in the center of the open field, but increased index of thigmotaxy. Oxidative status was selectively altered in the examined regions. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the cortex and nc. caudatus of rats developing hyperhomocysteinemia, but unaltered in the hippocampus and thalamus. Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload increased anxiety-related behavior in rats. These proanxiogenic effects could be, at least in part, a consequence of oxidative stress in the rat brain.

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Differential oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat brain regions and blood following chronic arsenic exposure

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233708093355 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

D Mishra ◽

SJS Flora

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Arsenic Exposure ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Single Strand ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Chronic Arsenic Exposure ◽

The Brain

Chronic arsenic poisoning caused by contaminated drinking water is a wide spread and worldwide problem particularly in India and Bangladesh. One of the possible mechanisms suggested for arsenic toxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was planned 1) to evaluate if chronic exposure to arsenic leads to oxidative stress in blood and brain – parts of male Wistar rats and 2) to evaluate which brain region of the exposed animals was more sensitive to oxidative injury. Male Wistar rats were exposed to arsenic (50 ppm sodium arsenite in drinking water) for 10 months. The brain was dissected into five major parts, pons medulla, corpus striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. A number of biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress were studied in blood and different brain regions. Single-strand DNA damage using comet assay was also assessed in lymphocytes. We observed a significant increase in blood and brain ROS levels accompanied by the depletion of GSH/GSSG ratio and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in different brain regions of arsenic-exposed rats. Chronic arsenic exposure also caused significant single-strand DNA damage in lymphocytes as depicted by comet with a tail in arsenic-exposed cells compared with the control cells. On the basis of results, we concluded that the cortex region of the brain was more sensitive to oxidative injury compared with the other regions studied. The present study, thus, leads us to suggest that arsenic induces differential oxidative stress in brain regions with cortex followed by hippocampus and causes single-strand DNA damage in lymphocytes.

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Os Efeitos do Jejum Intermitente nos Parâmetros Bioquímicos de Ratos Wistar

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2019v23n3p238-243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

André Luiz Jacques Chamorro ◽

Beatriz Kiyoko Fujii ◽

Eduardo Machado Bacha ◽

Gabriel Cabral Valadares Lins ◽

Kawana Ribeiro Yamakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Free Access ◽

Total Food ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Access To Food

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as repercussões bioquímicas em ratos Wistar submetidos ao jejum intermitente por 15, 30 e 60 dias, modelo de dieta intercalada por períodos de restrição total de alimentação com períodos de alimentação ad libitum. O estudo foi realizado com 40 ratos Wistar, machos divididos em três grupos, todos recebendo a ração Nuvital®. Os ratos submetidos ao jejum intermitente tiveram esse tipo de dieta durante 3 dias na semana e nos demais dias tiveram acesso livre a ração e água. Os animais foram pesados semanalmente e, após o período de jejum intermitente, foram eutanasiados para a coleta de sangue e análise bioquímica (glicemia, triglicérides, colesterol total e frações). Houve redução significativa do peso e triglicerídeos nos animais do grupo de jejum em relação ao grupo controle durante 15 dias. Em relação ao grupo de 30 dias de jejum, houve redução significativa de colesterol total e HDL. Nos animais submetidos à dieta durante 60 dias, houve diminuição significativa de colesterol total e HDL, no entanto, o consumo de água aumentou consideravelmente. Conclui-se que o jejum intermitente durante 15 dias causou alterações bioquímicas favoráveis ao metabolismo desses animais. Palavras-chave: Jejum Intermitente. Restrição Calórica. Prevenção. AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the biochemical effects in healthy Wistar rats submitted by 15, 30 and 60 days to intermittent fasting, a model of interspersed diet between periods of total food restriction withfood ad libitum period. The study was performed with 40 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 3 groups, all receiving Nuvital®. The rats submitted to intermittent fasting had this type of diet during 3 days a week and on the other days had free access to food. They received water ad libitum every day. The analysis related to metabolic changes resulting from fasting were performed by means of serum biochemical analysis (blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL) at the end of the experiment. There was a significant reduction of weight and triglycerides from the fasting group in relation to the control group in 15 days, there was no significant increase in parameters during this period of diet. Concerning the 30-day fasting group, there was a significant reduction of total cholesterol and HDL. Therefore, Intermittent Fasting in 15 days only demonstrated biochemical benefits. Keywords: Intermittent Fasting. Caloric restriction. Prevention.

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Antitumoral and Anticholinesterasic Activities of the Seven Species from Rubiaceae

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190211154550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 302-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carla R.F. Volobuff ◽

Pedro C.O. Junior ◽

Sidney M. dos Santos ◽

Zefa V. Pereira ◽

Diego C. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

First Time ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Antiproliferative Activities ◽

Mcf 7

Background: The genus Psychotria and Palicourea are reported as a source of alkaloids and iridoids, which exhibit biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities and quantification of the alkaloids of seven species among the genus found in Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil. Methods: Concentrations of alkaloids were measured spectrophotometrically. The extracts were submitted to antiproliferative activity against ten cell lines. The anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was developed using brain structures of male Wistar rats: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum by the Ellman method. Results: Alkaloids from Psychotria and Palicourea species were quantified which showed values of 47.6 to 21.9 µg/g. Regarding the antiproliferative potential, Palicourea crocea demonstrated selectivity against the 786-0 cell line (GI50: 22.87 µg/mL). Psychotria leiocarpa inhibited cell growth against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 3.28 µg/mL), K-562 (GI50: 5.26 µg/mL), HaCaT (GI50: 27.20 µg/mL), PC-3 (GI50: 34.92 µg/mL), MCF-7 (GI50: 35.80 µg/mL) and P. capillacea showed activity against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 2.33 µg/ml) and U251 (GI50: 16.66 µg/ml). The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was more effective in the hippocampus, demonstrating inhibition for Paliourea crocea, Psychotria deflexa, P. brachybotrya and P. leiocarpa of 70%, 57%, 50% and 40%, respectively, followed by P. poeppigiana and P. capillacea, inhibiting 21%, compared to the control. Conclusion: Herein, the present work showed for the first time, anticholinesterasic and antiproliferative activities of extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria seem to be mainly associated with the levels of alkaloids in the leaves of these species.

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Aortic-banding induces myocardial oxidative stress and changes in concentration and activity of antioxidants in male Wistar rats

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.lfs.2006.07.015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 79 (23) ◽

pp. 2187-2193 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Maria H.V.M. Jacob ◽

Mauro R.N. Pontes ◽

Alex S.R. Araújo ◽

Jaqueline Barp ◽

Maria C. Irigoyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Aortic Banding ◽

Myocardial Oxidative Stress ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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Induction of Oxidative Stress: A Possible Mechanism for the Arsenic Induced Catastrophes in Male Wistar Rats

10.7176/alst/75-04 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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Camellia sinensis and epicatechin abate doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats via their modulatory effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.7324/japs.2019.90405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 30-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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The Effect of Endurance Swimming Plus Vitamin C Supplement on Oxidative Stress and Muscles Damage Indices in Male Wistar Rats

Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.17795/ajmb-34241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Leila Vesali-Akbarpour ◽

Mohammad Ali Samavati-Sharif

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Damage Indices ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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The subchronic effects of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine on oxidative stress in rat brain

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1403075s ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 1075-1081

Author(s):

Ivan Simic ◽

Violeta Iric-Cupic ◽

Rada Vucic ◽

Marina Petrovic ◽

Violeta Mladenovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Superoxide Radical ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Male Wistar Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subchronic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on several oxidative stress markers: index of lipid peroxidation (ILP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, superoxide radical (O2.-) levels, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus of the rat. The study included 64 male Wistar rats (200-250g). The animals were treated per os with of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) every day for 15 days. The subchronic administration of MDMA resulted in an increase in ILP, SOD and O2.-, and a decrease in GSH, from which we conclude that oxidative stress was induced in rat brain.

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