scholarly journals Are sovereign ratings by CRAs consistent?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Hami Saka ◽  
Mehmet Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Compare And Contrast

This study is an attempt to compare and contrast the credit ratings granted by prominent agencies, the so-called Big Three namely S&P, Moody?s and Fitch, that dominate the market. The sovereign ratings are proven to motivate the CDS figures of countries empirically, and low ratings are known to increase the interest paid to liabilities by these countries. We employ the historical data over 1994-2014 on the sovereign ratings of 117 countries to test for whether the ratings assigned by CRAs are significantly different or not, with the help of paired-t and ANOVA tests. Hypothesis test results reveal that such differences are significant for many countries and country groups, suggesting that the ratings by CRAs are not consistent with each other. This is true for BRIC, OECD, and emerging market countries. Extra ANOVA tests that we conducted support our findings.

Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Yashinta Yashinta ◽  
Dwi Hurriyati
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

Harinder S. Kohli (ed.). Growth and Development in Emerging Market Economies: International Private Capital Flows, Financial Markets and Globalisation. New Delhi: Sage Publication 2008. 369 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 695.00.

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
Henna Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Emerging Market Countries

The book discusses the different experiences in Asia and Latin America, while covering the closely related areas under the purview of Emerging Market Economies (EMEs). The first chapter, “Introduction and Overview” has written by Harinder S. Kohli gives an excellent review of the existing literature on the subject. The book discusses six related topics which include nine papers presented at the Emerging Markets Forum Meeting held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in September 2006. The book highlights the main factors of growth and development in Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) now closely related with international capital flows, development of financial market, the countries’ ability to integrate successfully with the global economy through trade and investment and their ability to forge public-private partnerships including infrastructure development. Chapter 2, of the book is an article titled “Global Imbalances, Oil Revenues and Capital Flows to Emerging Market Countries” by Jack Boorman explains the favourable global environment and its impact on capital flows to Emerging Market Countries (EMCs). The EMCs got advantage from this benign global economic environment, such as high economic growth rate, increase in exports, better national balance sheet and increase in foreign exchange reserves, but due to high oil prices the situation has been changed.

Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika: Studi Komparasi Pembelajaran Number Head Together (NHT) dan Media Power Point (PPT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Ritawati ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Cluster Technique ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Media Power ◽  
Better Than

This research is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the comparison of students' mathematical communication abilities with the cooperative learning model of the NHT and PPT media in class VII SMP Negeri 02 Ngabang. The population in this study were all students of class VII SMP 02 Ngabang consisting of 3 classes. The sample in this study was taken by using the Random Sampling Cluster technique. Class VII A as class I experimental class with 24 students and class VII B as a experimental class II with 24 students. The instruments used were pretest and posttest in the form of description. Data analysis uses the t test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average posttest for the NHT class was 72.5 and the average posttest for the PP class was 66.666. From the posttest hypothesis test results obtained t hitung> t tabel (1.9522> 1,667). Because t_hitung> t_tabel, H_0 is rejected and H_a is accepted. This means that students' mathematical communication skills taught with the NHT are better than using Power point media.

Resource Endowments in Emerging Market Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110043
Author(s):  
Liu Qingjie
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Per Capita

This article examines the emerging market countries on their national strategic resources—farmland, fresh water, and fossil energy—which are analyzed from the perspectives of distribution, status of development, and existing issues. The study draws the following conclusions: Emerging market countries have abundant farmland resources yet inadequate per capita resources; because of extensive operation on farmland, grain yield is low, which threatens food security; emerging market countries are saliently short in water resources per capita and face imbalances and low productivity over water use, and their agriculture practices are water-intensive; emerging market countries are growing as global centers for production, consumption, and trade of fossil energy, with a long, coal-dominated consumption structure that has a growing momentum, which subjects them to a greater pressure to reduce carbon emissions; and emerging market countries are inefficient in the use of energy, though they have huge potential for energy conservation and consumption reduction.

scholarly journals Prediction of seasonal patterns of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in the U.S. swine industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-400
Author(s):  
Giovani Trevisan ◽  
Leticia C. M. Linhares ◽  
Bret Crim ◽  
Poonam Dubey ◽  
Kent J. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Cyclic Pattern ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Virus Rna

We developed a model to predict the cyclic pattern of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA detection by reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) from 4 major swine-centric veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) in the United States and to use historical data to forecast the upcoming year’s weekly percentage of positive submissions and issue outbreak signals when the pattern of detection was not as expected. Standardized submission data and test results were used. Historical data (2015–2017) composed of the weekly percentage of PCR-positive submissions were used to fit a cyclic robust regression model. The findings were used to forecast the expected weekly percentage of PCR-positive submissions, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), for 2018. During 2018, the proportion of PRRSV-positive submissions crossed 95% CI boundaries at week 2, 14–25, and 48. The relatively higher detection on week 2 and 48 were mostly from submissions containing samples from wean-to-market pigs, and for week 14–25 originated mostly from samples from adult/sow farms. There was a recurring yearly pattern of detection, wherein an increased proportion of PRRSV RNA detection in submissions originating from wean-to-finish farms was followed by increased detection in samples from adult/sow farms. Results from the model described herein confirm the seasonal cyclic pattern of PRRSV detection using test results consolidated from 4 VDLs. Wave crests occurred consistently during winter, and wave troughs occurred consistently during the summer months. Our model was able to correctly identify statistically significant outbreak signals in PRRSV RNA detection at 3 instances during 2018.

scholarly journals The drivers of economic growth in China and India: globalization or financial development?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Kandil ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Mantu Kumar Mahalik ◽  
Duc Khuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China And India ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Using annual data from 1970 to 2013 for China and India, this paper aims to examine the impact of globalization and financial development on economic growth by endogenizing capital and inflation and drawing comparisons between the two fastest growing emerging market economies. Design/methodology/approach In the long run, co-integration test results indicate that financial development increases economic growth in China and India. Findings The results also reveal that globalization accelerates economic growth in India but, surprisingly, impairs economic growth in China, as it increases competition for exports. The results furthermore disclose that acceleration in capitalization and inflation, as a proxy for aggregate demand, are positively linked to economic growth in China and India. Originality/value Causality test results indicate that both financial development and economic growth are interdependent. In contrast, causality runs from higher economic growth to increased globalization in India, while the results do not support long-term causality between globalization and economic growth in China.

Economic Structural Transformation in Emerging Market Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110046
Author(s):  
Kunling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Trade Structure ◽  
Emerging Market Countries

This article analyzes the structural transformation in 30 emerging market countries (E30) on the dimensions of industry, trade, and urbanization. It finds that first, in the agricultural sector, E30 have contributed greatly to the increase of the global agricultural productivity and the transfer of labor force from the agricultural sector to industry or the service sector. However, these countries still feature a high percentage of agricultural employment, which means there is vast room for shifting the agricultural labor force. Second, in the industrial sector, E30 have made remarkable contributions to the world’s industrial development but have also displayed a trend of premature “deindustrialization.” Third, the service sector has picked up speed and gradually turned into a new driver of economic development in E30. Against this backdrop, E30 face the major challenge of how to cope with the premature deindustrialization and smoothly shift the economic growth engine from the industrial sector to the service sector. Fourth, E30 have become an important force in the world trade, with their trade structure switching from simple, primary, low-value-added goods to sophisticated, high-grade, and high-value-added goods and services. However, some emerging market countries are more susceptible to the impacts of the anti-globalization trend because of their high reliance on foreign trade and improper trade structure. Therefore, how to diversify the economy and enhance its economic resilience holds the key to the sustainable economic development of E30. Fifth, E30 have contributed greatly to world urbanization. As urbanization relies more on the service sector than on the industrial sector, it is vital to properly strike a balance between industrialization and urbanization, and between industrialization and service sector development.

The Influence of Understanding Accounting Information Systems, Leadership Style, Employee Motivation, and Work Discipline in Employees Performance KC BRI Sidoarjo

Academia Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafrino Wahyu ◽  
Herman Ernandi
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Systems Leadership

This research aims to know the influence of understanding Accounting Information Systems, Leadership Style, Employees Motivation, and Work Discipline in Employees Performance at KC BRI Sidoarjo. The instrument is in the form of google forms to get research data. This research data collection is validity test and reliability test. The hypothesis is that there is an the influence of understanding accounting information systems, leadership style, employees motivation, and work discipline in employees performance. The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is SPSS version 18. The test results based on the validity test show that all questions on Google Forms are declared valid. While the test results based on the reliability test of all variables, the value of cronbach's alpha > 0,6 means that it is declared reliable and for the results of the Hypothesis Test in the form of T-Statistic and R-Square, it states that there is an influence between understanding accounting information systems, leadership style, employees motivation, and work discipline in employees performance. This is shown from the results of tcount for the variable understanding of the accounting information system (X1) of 2.113, the variable of leadership style (X2) of 2.101, the variable of employees motivation (X3) of 2.114, and the variable of work discipline (X4) of 2.189.

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