scholarly journals Effects of 1-MCP and dynamic controlled atmosphere on apple fruit rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Jelena Tarlanovic ◽  
Mladen Petres ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Biserka Milic ◽  
Nenad Magazin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apple Fruits

Fusarium species are increasingly detected as the causal agents of decay of stored apple fruits. Fusarium avenaceum is particularly significant due to its predominant occurrence among Fusarium species in stored apple fruits and its ability to produce mycotoxins. Treatments with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and different storage conditions affect the aggressiveness of F. avenaceum and development of fungal-caused decay in stored apple fruits. In this study, apple fruits (cv. ?Granny Smith?) were treated with 1-MCP, and artificially inoculated with F. avenaceum. The isolate used for inoculation, originating from apple fruit, was identified based on morphological characteristics and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a species-specific primer pair (FA-ITSF and FA-ITSR) for F. avenaceum. After inoculation, treated and untreated fruits were stored at room temperature and cold-stored under dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA). Diameters of necrotic lesions were measured after 7, 14 and 21 days of incubation on fruits stored at room temperature, while necrosis diameters on DCA-stored fruits were measured immediately at the end of storage period (143 days), and after 7, 14 and 21 days of additional incubation at room temperature. The results show that treatment with 1-MCP inhibits the development of F. avenaceum on apple fruits during storage under DCA. However, after storage, i.e. during incubation at room temperature, no significant difference between 1-MCP-treated and untreated fruits was observed. On fruits stored at room temperature only, no difference between 1-MCP-treated and untreated fruits was observed. However, 1-MCP-treated fruits stored at room temperature only developed significantly smaller necrosis lesions compared to 1-MCP-treated and DCA stored fruits. It infers that both 1-MCP treatment and DCA storage inhibit fungal decay caused by F. avenaceum on apple fruits. However, the effects do not persist after storage.

scholarly journals Identification of Fusarium Species Isolated From Stored Apple Fruit in Croatia / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdravka Sever ◽  
Dario Ivić ◽  
Tomislav Kos ◽  
Tihomir Miličević
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Apple Fruits

AbstractSeveral species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data.We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultivars Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Idared, and Pink Lady, stored in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) conditions. Fusarium rot was detected in 9.4 % to 33.2 % of naturally infected apples, depending on the cultivar. The symptoms were similar in all four cultivars: a soft circular brown necrosis of different extent, with or without visible sporulation. Fusarium species were identified by the morphology of cultures grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA). Twenty one isolates were identified as Fusarium avenaceum and confirmed as such with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer pair FA-ITSF and FA-ITSR. F. pseudograminearum,F. semitectum, F. crookwellense, and F. compactum were identified by morphological characteristics. F.avenaceum can produce several mycotoxins and its dominance in Fusarium rot points to the risk of mycotoxin contamination of apple fruit juices and other products for human consumption. Pathogenicity tests showed typical symptoms of Fusarium rot in most of the inoculated wounded apple fruits. In this respect Fusarium avenaceum, as the dominant cause of Fusarium rot in stored apple fruits is a typical wound parasite.

scholarly journals Fungi Causing Storage Rot of Apple Fruit in Integrated Pest Management System and their Sensitivity to Fungicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (329) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelde Grantina-Ievina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fruit Storage

Abstract Apple fruit rot can be caused by several fungi. In Northern Europe, the most common storage rot, Bull’s eye rot, is caused by Neofabraea spp., bitter rot by Colletotrichum spp., brown rot by Monilinia fructigena, grey mould is caused by Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium rot by several Fusarium species. Blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum is an important disease in several European countries. Incidence of different causal agents may vary depending on cultivar, climate during growing season and agricultural practices. The main objective of the study was to obtain baseline information about apple rot-causing fungi, their incidence during fruit storage and to evaluate the fungicide sensitivity of most of isolated fungal species. The study was performed during the storage period of apples after the growth season of 2013. Rotten apples were sorted in the storage and part of them was brought to the laboratory in order to obtain fungal isolates. Fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. During storage in February and March the total percentage of rotten apples in various cultivars varied from 3.6 to 58.9%. All post-harvest diseases described in Northern Europe were detected. In part of the storehouses apple rot caused by Cadophora luteo-olivacea was observed. Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. were detected on few apples as secondary infection agents. Using the most often isolated fungal species, sensitivity tests were performed against five commonly used fungicides. In general, the sensitivity of tested fungi to the fungicides was high with exception of several Neofabraea and Alternaria isolates.

Effects of Bacillus velezensis on Fusarium avenaceum, a causal agent of post-harvest apple fruit rot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Petres ◽  
Marta Loc ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Vera Stojsin ◽  
Dragana Budakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Post Harvest

scholarly journals Effects of Storage Conditions on Postharvest Qualities in Garlic Bulbs (Allium sativum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 805C-805
Author(s):  
Sun-Tay Choi ◽  
Ro-Na Bae* ◽  
Dae-Sung Chung ◽  
Seung-Koo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
And Storage

To investigate quality changes of garlic associated with cultivars and storage conditions, northern type `Seosan' and sub-tropical type `Daeseo' garlics were stored at controlled atmosphere (O2 3%, CO2 5%, -1 ± 1°C) condition, low temperature (-1 ± 1°C), and room temperature (20 ± 5°C). The rate of sprouting, weight loss, enzymatic pyruvic acid content, and degree of greening in crushed garlic were determined during storage. The rate of sprouting was higher in `Daeseo' than in `Seosan' garlic in all storage conditions. Sprouting was effectively suppressed in low temperature and controlled atmosphere storage. Weight loss in `Daeseo' garlic was higher than in `Seosan' garlic. Enzymatic pyruvic acid (EP) contents increased for 3 months storage period, and then decreased gradually as the storage period was prolonged at room or low temperatures. However, EP content decreased dramatically during storage under CA condition in both cultivars. When garlic bulbs were crushed, greening appeared in the garlic stored at low temperature for more than one month. However, greening did not occur in the crushed garlic bulbs stored in CA condition.

scholarly journals First report of Fusarium incarnatum causing fruit rot of litchi in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyin Gao ◽  
Jiaobao Wang ◽  
Zhengke Zhang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Deqiang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Litchi Fruit ◽  
His3 Gene

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an indigenous tropical and subtropical fruit in Southern China with an attractive appearance, delicious taste, and good nutritional value (Jiang et al. 2003). In March 2020, brown rots were observed on nearly ripe litchi fruits (cv. Guihuaxiang) in an orchard of Lingshui county, Hainan province of China (18.615877° N, 109.948871° E). About 5% fruits were symptomatic in the field, and the disease caused postharvest losses during storage. The initial infected fruits had no obvious symptoms on the outer pericarp surfaces, but appeared irregular, brown to black-brown lesions in the inner pericarps around the pedicels. Then lesions expanded and became brown rots. Small tissues (4 mm × 4 mm) of fruit pericarps were cut from symptomatic fruits, surface-sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, rinsed in sterilized water three times, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28℃ in the darkness. Morphologically similar colonies were isolated from 85% of 20 samples after 4 days of incubation. Ten isolates were purified using a single-spore isolation method. The isolates grown on PDA had abundant, fluffy, whitish to yellowish aerial mycelia, and the reverse side of the Petri dish was pale brown. Morphological characteristics of conidia were further determined on carnation leaf-piece agar (CLA) (Leslie et al. 2006). Macroconidia were straight to slightly curved, 3- to 5-septates with a foot-shaped basal cell, tapered at the apex, 2.70 to 4.43 µm × 18.63 to 37.58 µm (3.56 ± 0.36 × 28.68 ± 4.34 µm) (n = 100). Microconidia were fusoid to ovoid, 0- to 1-septate, 2.10 to 3.57 µm × 8.18 to 18.20 µm (2.88 ± 0.34 × 11.71 ± 1.97 µm) (n = 100). Chlamydospores on hyphae singly or in chains were globose, subglobose, or ellipsoidal. Based on cultural features and morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as a Fusarium species (Leslie et al. 2006). To further confirm the pathogen, DNA was extracted from the 7-day-old aerial mycelia of three isolates (LZ-1, LZ-3, and LZ-5) following Chohan et al. (2019). The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1) gene, and histone H3 (his3) gene were partially amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, and CYLH3F/CYLH3R, respectively (Funnell-Harris et al. 2017). The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: 515 bp, MW029882, 533 bp, MW092186, and 465 bp, MW092187; tef1: 292 bp, MW034437, 262 bp, MW159143, and 292 bp, MW159141; his3: 489 bp, MW034438, 477 bp, MW159142, and 474 bp, MW159140). The ITS, tef1, and his3 genes showed 99-100% similarity with the ITS (MH979697), tef1 (MH979698), and his3 (MH979696) genes, respectively of Fusarium incarnatum (TG0520) from muskmelon fruit. The phylogenetic analysis of the tef1 and his3 gene sequences showed that the three isolates clustered with F. incarnatum. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by spraying conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/ml) on wounded young fruits in the orchid. Negative controls were sprayed with sterilized water. Fruits were bagged with polythene bags for 24 hours and then unbagged for 10 days. Each treatment had 30 fruits. The inoculated fruits developed symptoms similar to those observed in the orchard and showed light brown lesions on the outer pericarp surfaces and irregular, brown to black-brown lesions in the inner pericarps, while the fruits of negative control remained symptomless. The same fungus was successfully recovered from symptomatic fruits, and thus, the test for the Koch’s postulates was completed. F. semitectum (synonym: F. incarnatum) (Saha et al. 2005), F. oxysporum (Bashar et al. 2012), and F. moniliforme (Rashid et al. 2015) have been previously reported as pathogens causing litchi fruit rots in India and Bangladesh. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium incarnatum causing litchi fruit rot in China.

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Mouldy Core and Pink Mould Rot of Apples in Storage under Controlled Atmosphere Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Neelam Kumari ◽  
◽  
J. N. Sharma ◽  
Deepika Singh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Apple Fruits

Effect of pre-cooling, hot water treatment, fumigation, an antagonist (Bacillus subtilis) along with treatment of apple fruits with extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) and coating with neem oil was evaluated for their activity against the fungal growth of Alternaria alternata and Trichothecium roseum, the causal agents of mouldy core and pink mould rot, respectively. Impregnation of fruit trays with botanical formulations was also integrated with other treatments before placing the treated and untreated fruits in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for four months. The integration of hydro cooling with ice water+CaCl2 (HIWC)+fruit skin coating with neem oil (1%)+placing treated fruits on botanical formulation (BF) impregnated fruit trays (treatment combination T7) prior to CA storage gave highest inhibition of the pathogenic tested fungi with rot incidence of 16.05, 20.46% and fruit rot of 9.05, 11.46%, respectively. The treatment combination T6 in which the antagonist B. subtilis was integrated with pre-cooling and BF-impregnated trays was the next effective treatment with rot incidence of 20.35, 23.07% and fruit rot of 13.34, 17.08%, respectively.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Changes in Sun-dried Trichogaster fasciata During Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Rasul ◽  
Bhaskar Chandra Majumdar ◽  
Faria Afrin ◽  
Mueena Jahan ◽  
Chunhong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Sun dried (T. fasciata) was stored with airtight polyethylene bags at room temperature to investigate the changes in physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics for 90 days. Sensory and physical (water reconstitution, pH) characteristics of dried T. fasciata showed that the product was acceptable up to 60 days of storage. Moisture content of T. fasciata was significantly increased from 15.06% to 17.80% during the storage period. No significant difference was observed in protein, lipid and ash content on dry matter basis during storage. However, amount of lipids of the dried fish was slightly decreased with the increasing of storage time. The pH value of dried T. fasciata was decreased significantly from 6.51 to 5.94 during the storage period. The peroxide value was increased from 13.84 to 27.87 meq/Kg of lipid. Similarly, acid value and conjugated diene of the lipids were increased significantly, and this result suggested that lipid oxidation occurred over this period of time. Microbial load was also increased from 1.13 to 8.37 log CFU/g with the increasing of storage time. Results of this study showed that the product was oxidized marginally during the storage period and suitable for human consumption up to 60 days.

scholarly journals Mouldy, musty earthy off-odour of apple fruits – Short communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kaack
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate Solution ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Fruits

Chemical compounds identification that cause the mouldy, musty and earthy off-odours of apple fruit stored in controlled atmosphere at low temperature for several months has been studied. Compounds with off-odour were extracted from cv. Golden Delicious apple peel using ether and purified on a silica-aluminium column with washing using a sodium carbonate solution. Presence of compounds with mouldy, musty and earthy off-odour in extracts and washings was verified using a sensory panel with four members intensively trained in identification and description of the odour throughout the whole analytical process. Separation of compounds in the final extract by gas chromatography showed that the odour was associated with five peaks associated with oxidation products of α-farnesene.    

scholarly journals Mineral contents of Ethiopian red and green apple fruits: A comparison with WHO/FAO standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Chemistry International
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Apple Fruits

The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micro essential and non-essential minerals in apple fruits collected from farmland in Wollega, Chencha, Ankober (Ethiopia) and Addis Ababa which are imported to Ethiopia from South Africa and Israel. Samples were wet-digested using 3 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 for 2:15 hours at 210 oC. Selected metals (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The validity of optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples and recoveries were in 90.8-106% range. The mean concentration range (mg/kg) of metal in fruit samples were Ca (1065-36275, 1013-36143), Mg (27-153, 78.3-139), Fe (103-276, 123-241), Mn (13.5-13.7, 11.5-16.3), Cu (5.13-6.56, 4.11-12.6), Al (77.8-129, 52.5-89.6), Zn (41.3-73.6, 47.4-54.4), Cr (6.15-10.04, 6.57-7.14), Co (6.57-7.14, 1.70-2.35), Ni (1.33-2.37, 1.43-7.66), respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected. Analysis of variance showed significant difference (p = 0.05) in the levels of Cu, Al and Co among sampling sites in green apple fruit while all the other metals did not show significance difference. Red apple fruit showed a significance difference in the levels of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr and Co metal while the other metals showed insignificance differences. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated strong, moderate and weak correlation between different pairs of metals in both the green and red apples.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage at 45° F (7° C) on Keeping Quality of Five Chironja Clones

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 348-368
Author(s):  
Noemi Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Keeping Quality

The chironja is a citrus fruit with some morphological characteristics of the orange (Citrus sinensis) and some of the grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Because of the lack of information on the response of chironja to storage conditions, a study was conducted to evaluate its keeping quality. Five clones grown at the Corozal Substation were used for this study. The fruit was harvested at 5 and 7 months after fruit set date. Clean fruit was stored in polyethylene gags at 7° C and 90% relative humidity for 70 days. Differences in quality and chemical composition of the five clones of fruit were studied. Appearance and flavor of the fruit were found acceptable throughout the storage period. However, fruit stored between 25 and 55 days, regardless of the age of the fruit at harvesting, was preferred. The gas chromatographic pattern of peel oil of the fruit was similar for all clones. Higher concentrations were found in some fractions from the 7-month harvest. No significant difference was found in the flavor of the five clones. A decrease in the percentage of reducing and total sugars was noticed during the first month of storage in fruit harvested 5 months after fruit set, in contrast to an increase in the percentage of total sugars in fruit harvested 7 months after fruit set. Weight loss of fruit throughout the storage period was less than 1% for all clones, irrespective of their age at harvest. In general, there were more significant differences in chemical composition with respect to clones of fruit harvested at 7 months than those harvested at 5 months after fruit set.

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