scholarly journals Aggressiveness and trichothecene production of Fusarium graminearum isolates from cereals in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Obradovic ◽  
Jelena Vukadinovic ◽  
Milica Nikolic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Goran Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

The aim of this study was to assess variations in aggressiveness and trichothecene production of F. graminearum isolates originating from maize, wheat and barley in Serbia. Analyzing F. graminearum isolates (98) obtained from various agroecological conditions of Serbia over the period from 1993 to 2010, using the HPLC method, the following two chemotypes were observed: 3-acetyl-deoxinivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxinivalenol (15ADON). A great diversity in the production of deoxinivalenol (DON) derivatives was observed. A majority of F. graminearum isolates, regardless of their origin (maize, wheat or barley) belonged to the 15ADON chemotype. The 3ADON chemotype was also detected, but in a significantly smaller number (13/98) samples, compared to the 15ADON chemotype (85/98). None of the tested isolates belonged to the NIV chemotype. The examined isolates showed different pathogenicity on barley leaf, wheat class and maize ears. The average pathogenicity of the tested isolates was the highest on barley leaf. It was observed that isolates originating from wheat had the highest average daily increase in mycelium growth rate (27.37 mm). Statistical analysis of the obtained results for mycotoxins synthesis showed that there was a highly significant statistical correlation between the production potentials of total DON, 3ADON and 15ADON in F. graminearum isolates belonging to various chemotypes. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the aggressiveness of isolates and the production of total DON in isolates belonging to 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Papadaki ◽  
Panagiota Diamantopoulou ◽  
Seraphim Papanikolaou ◽  
Antonios Philippoussis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

Morchella sp. is one of the most expensive mushrooms with a high nutritional profile. In this study, the polysaccharide content of Morchella species was investigated. Specifically, mycelium growth rate, biomass production, sclerotia formation, and glucosamine and total polysaccharides content of six Morchella species grown on a starch-based media were evaluated. Submerged fermentations in potato dextrose broth resulted in a glucosamine content of around 3.0%. In solid-state fermentations (SSF), using potato dextrose agar, a high linear growth rate (20.6 mm/day) was determined. Increased glucosamine and total polysaccharides content were observed after the formation of sclerotia. Biomass and glucosamine content were correlated, and the equations were used for the indirect estimation of biomass in SSF with agro-industrial starch-based materials. Wheat grains (WG), potato peels (PP), and a mixture of 1:1 of them (WG–PP) were evaluated as substrates. Results showed that the highest growth rate of 9.05 mm/day was determined on WG and the maximum biomass yield (407 mg/g) on WG–PP. The total polysaccharide content reached up to 18.4% of dried biomass in WG–PP. The results of the present study proved encouraging for the efficient bioconversion of potato and other starch-based agro-industrial waste streams to morel biomass and sclerotia eliciting nutritional and bioactive value.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Luminescent Ag Nanoclusters with Antibacterial Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Fan Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chun-Po Bu ◽  
Guo-Qing Wang ◽  
Yan-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Strong Blue Emission ◽  
Ag Nanoclusters ◽  
Ag Ncs

This paper focuses on the synthesis of novel Ag nanoclusters (NCs) using DHLA as capping reagents in aqueous solution by a photoreduction method. Luminescence studies indicated that the DHLA-Ag NCs exhibited strong blue emission with maximum peak at 480 nm. The maximum emission of the NCs can be greatly improved with irradiating time by around 15-fold from 3 h to 67 h. By means of mycelium growth rate, the results showed that the Ag NCs with smaller sizes had a good antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals The variability of morphological characters and mycelium growth rate of monoconidial culture of Botrytis cinerea Pers.

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Hanna Bryk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

Variability in size of conidia, formation of sclerotia and mycelial growth were examined in monoconidial cultures of 5 isolates of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Pers. The influence of two media on the above-mentioned features was also studied. It was found that <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Pers. is relatively homogenous in respect to the size of conidia. Out of the 50 monoconidial cultures tested, only two had conidia somewhat larger than the remaining cultures. Monoconidial cultures derived from the same isolate varied among themselves in the rate of mycelial growth and in the number and size of sclerotia. The kind of medium used influenced mycelial growth and sclerotia formation. Better mycelial growth was observed on PDA medium than on Czapek's medium. On the latter, the fungus produced more sclerotia which were, however, smaller in size than on PDA medium.

scholarly journals The effect of different substrates on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spawn growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
R Muslimin ◽  
H Hartono ◽  
R Rachmawaty ◽  
A Ali ◽  
M Junda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Alternative Substrates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The study aimed to find alternative substrates for growing spawn of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three compositions of substrates. The substrate compositions were: (1) Substrate A (corn 100%), (2) Substrate B (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (1:1, v/v)), and (3) Substrate C (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (3:1, v/v)). All compositions were replicated 18 times. The complete colonization (days) and mycelium growth rate (cm day−1) were recorded. Means were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and duncan test was performed if there were significant between the substrate compositions. The results showed that substrate C was the best substrate indicated with the fastest complete colonization of 14.17±0.92 and the highest growth rate of 0.85±0.06 cm day−1.

Association of mating-type with mycelium growth rate and genetic variability of Fusarium culmorum

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Irzykowska ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

Abstract

scholarly journals Sunflower Seed Hulls as Substrate for the Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Curvetto ◽  
Débora Figlas ◽  
Silvia Delmastro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Poplar Sawdust

Nutritive agar formulations with additions of poplar (Populus alba) sawdust, wheat (Triticum durum) bran, or milled sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed hulls (SSH) were evaluated for mycelium cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes), in petri dishes. Sawdust, 2, 3 and 4 g·L-1 (0.27, 0.40 and 0.53 oz/gal) added to MYA (malt, yeast extract and agar) medium did not improve the mycelium growth rate, while media that included 1, 2, and 3 g·L-1 (0.13, 0.27, and 0.40 oz/gal) wheat bran or 2, 3, and 4 g·L-1 (0.27, 0.40, and 0.53 oz/gal) milled SSH exhibited a significant increase in the mycelium growth rate, at 25 °C (77 °F). The use of SSH obtained directly from the oil industry was evaluated as a substrate for the cultivation of shiitake mushroom via synthetic logs in plastic bags. A linear growth test was used to previously assay the mycelium growth rate in substrate compositions with different contents of SSH, wheat bran, and poplar sawdust, at 25 °C. The largest mycelial growth rates were 2.75, 2.88, and 2.93 mm·d-1 (0.108, 0.113, and 0.115 inch/day) for the substrates formulated with 8 SSH: 2 wheat bran, 9 SSH: 1 poplar sawdust, and 8 SSH: 1 wheat bran: 1 poplar sawdust by weight, respectively. The synthetic logs showed a daily production rate of 2 kg shiitake/100 kg dry substrate for a 55 days cycle production with a simple formula containing 37.5% SSH, 0.5% calcium carbonate (CaCO3), 2% calcium sulfate (CaSO4), and 60% water. Addition of wheat bran to the SSH-based synthetic log produced no significant differences on biological efficiency, mushroom production, or productivity.

scholarly journals Potential Of Various Types of Media for Breeding Oyster Mushroom F2

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 08015
Author(s):  
Widiwurjani ◽  
Ida Retno Mulyani ◽  
Ilmatus Sa’diyah ◽  
N.K. Sari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Corn Kernels

This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology 1 and Farmers' Land in Karanganyar village, Poncokusumo, Malang. The materials used in this study were white oyster mushroom F1 seeds, 70% alcohol, soybean seeds, corn seeds, rice, sawdust, rice bran and mushroom baglog. This study used an experimental design, namely Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatment levels B1 = corn kernels (100%), B2 = soybean seeds (100%), B3 = rice (100%), B4 = sawdust (100%), B5 = corn kernels (50%) + sawdust (40%) + rice bran (10%). Parameters observed were height of Mycelium-covered Media (cm), Mycelium Growth Speed (cm/day), Contamination Occurrence Percentage (%). The average yield of the highest seedling height was 12.79 cm in treatment B8. The parameter of mycelium growth rate in B8 treatment had the fastest growth rate of 1.82 cm/ha. The lowest contamination was found in treatment B5, B6 by 4% and B7 by 20%. Treatment B3, B4 and B8 did not experience contamination.

Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
W.Q. Shi ◽  
L.B. Xiang ◽  
D.Z. Yu ◽  
S.J. Gong ◽  
L.J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Key Aspects

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.

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