scholarly journals The variability of morphological characters and mycelium growth rate of monoconidial culture of Botrytis cinerea Pers.

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Hanna Bryk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

Variability in size of conidia, formation of sclerotia and mycelial growth were examined in monoconidial cultures of 5 isolates of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Pers. The influence of two media on the above-mentioned features was also studied. It was found that <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Pers. is relatively homogenous in respect to the size of conidia. Out of the 50 monoconidial cultures tested, only two had conidia somewhat larger than the remaining cultures. Monoconidial cultures derived from the same isolate varied among themselves in the rate of mycelial growth and in the number and size of sclerotia. The kind of medium used influenced mycelial growth and sclerotia formation. Better mycelial growth was observed on PDA medium than on Czapek's medium. On the latter, the fungus produced more sclerotia which were, however, smaller in size than on PDA medium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Papadaki ◽  
Panagiota Diamantopoulou ◽  
Seraphim Papanikolaou ◽  
Antonios Philippoussis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

Morchella sp. is one of the most expensive mushrooms with a high nutritional profile. In this study, the polysaccharide content of Morchella species was investigated. Specifically, mycelium growth rate, biomass production, sclerotia formation, and glucosamine and total polysaccharides content of six Morchella species grown on a starch-based media were evaluated. Submerged fermentations in potato dextrose broth resulted in a glucosamine content of around 3.0%. In solid-state fermentations (SSF), using potato dextrose agar, a high linear growth rate (20.6 mm/day) was determined. Increased glucosamine and total polysaccharides content were observed after the formation of sclerotia. Biomass and glucosamine content were correlated, and the equations were used for the indirect estimation of biomass in SSF with agro-industrial starch-based materials. Wheat grains (WG), potato peels (PP), and a mixture of 1:1 of them (WG–PP) were evaluated as substrates. Results showed that the highest growth rate of 9.05 mm/day was determined on WG and the maximum biomass yield (407 mg/g) on WG–PP. The total polysaccharide content reached up to 18.4% of dried biomass in WG–PP. The results of the present study proved encouraging for the efficient bioconversion of potato and other starch-based agro-industrial waste streams to morel biomass and sclerotia eliciting nutritional and bioactive value.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness and trichothecene production of Fusarium graminearum isolates from cereals in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Obradovic ◽  
Jelena Vukadinovic ◽  
Milica Nikolic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Goran Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate

The aim of this study was to assess variations in aggressiveness and trichothecene production of F. graminearum isolates originating from maize, wheat and barley in Serbia. Analyzing F. graminearum isolates (98) obtained from various agroecological conditions of Serbia over the period from 1993 to 2010, using the HPLC method, the following two chemotypes were observed: 3-acetyl-deoxinivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxinivalenol (15ADON). A great diversity in the production of deoxinivalenol (DON) derivatives was observed. A majority of F. graminearum isolates, regardless of their origin (maize, wheat or barley) belonged to the 15ADON chemotype. The 3ADON chemotype was also detected, but in a significantly smaller number (13/98) samples, compared to the 15ADON chemotype (85/98). None of the tested isolates belonged to the NIV chemotype. The examined isolates showed different pathogenicity on barley leaf, wheat class and maize ears. The average pathogenicity of the tested isolates was the highest on barley leaf. It was observed that isolates originating from wheat had the highest average daily increase in mycelium growth rate (27.37 mm). Statistical analysis of the obtained results for mycotoxins synthesis showed that there was a highly significant statistical correlation between the production potentials of total DON, 3ADON and 15ADON in F. graminearum isolates belonging to various chemotypes. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the aggressiveness of isolates and the production of total DON in isolates belonging to 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes.

scholarly journals In vitro control of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium italicum by antagonistic yeasts

2020 ◽  
pp. 2411-2418
Author(s):  
Renata Mori Thomé ◽  
Luiz Vitor Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Control Plate

Gray mold in grapes (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold in citrus (caused by Penicillium italicum) are post-harvest diseases that cause major losses in these crops. The control of these diseases is based on the use of synthetic chemical fungicides. The increase in regulatory policies and demand to reduce the application of pesticides, due to harmful effects on the environment and humans, have led to the search for more ecofriendly alternatives, such as biological control agents. Thus, the present work aims to verify the antagonistic potential of four yeast strains, Pichia caribbica (CCMA 0759), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (CCMA 0760), Pichia manshurica (CCMA 0762), and Lachancea thermotolerans (CCMA 0763), against of B cinerea and P. italicum. To assess the antagonism of volatile compounds, Petri plates with two divisions containing potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) were used by placing a fungal mycelial disc and yeast suspension (3.0 × 106 cells mL-1) on opposite sides of the plate. The colony diameter and mycelial growth rate index of the fungi were evaluated via comparisons with the control plate without yeast. For the evaluation of the antagonism of diffusible substances in the medium, yeasts were striated 3 cm from the center of the plates containing PDA. After 48 h, a mycelial disc of each phytopathogen was placed in the center of the plates. The colony growth, inhibition halo, and mycelial growth rate index were evaluated via comparisons with the control plate. All yeast strains showed an antagonistic effect on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in both tests. In the volatile compounds test, H. opuntiae, L. thermotolerans, P. caribbica, and P. manshurica inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 82%, 75%, 72%, and 50%, respectively. In the antagonism test of the diffusible substances in the medium, P. caribbica and P. manshurica inhibited mycelial growth by 58% and 33%, respectively. However, these yeast strains did not show an antagonistic effect against P. italicum. Thus, all isolates demonstrated potential to be tested as biocontrol agents of gray mold in post-harvest grape fruits.

scholarly journals Differences in Frequency of Transposable Elements Presence in Botrytis cinerea Populations from Several Hosts in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Samuel ◽  
Thomas Veloukas ◽  
Antonios Papavasileiou ◽  
George S. Karaoglanidis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures

This study was conducted primarily to investigate the presence and frequency distribution of the transposable elements Boty and Flipper in populations of the necrotroph plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Greece. In total, 334 isolates were collected from diseased grape, strawberry, tomato, cucumber, kiwifruit, and apple fruit during 2009. The presence of the two transposable elements was based on polymerase chain reaction detection. Results showed that all the sampled hosts occurred in sympatry, with four possible different genotypes (transposa type carrying both transposable elements, Boty type carrying only the Boty element, Flipper type carrying only the Flipper element, and vacuma type carrying neither transposable element). Marked differences in genotype frequencies among populations were observed. In tomato, cucumber, grape, and strawberry, transposa isolates carrying both elements were predominant in the populations whereas, in kiwifruit and apple fruit populations, the vacuma isolates were prevailing. Furthermore, in kiwi and apple fruit populations, high frequencies of Flipper-type isolates were observed. In an attempt to explain the observed predominance of vacuma isolates in kiwifruit populations, the mycelial growth rate of a set of vacuma isolates was compared with the mycelial growth rate of a set of transposa isolates at three different temperatures (0, 10, and 20°C). The same set of isolates was used to compare pathogenicity of isolates on wound-inoculated kiwifruit incubated at two different temperatures (0 and 20°C), in terms of disease incidence and disease severity. In addition, the selected isolates were used to compare their ability in causing latent infections on kiwifruit in the field. The results showed that vacuma and transposa isolates had similar mycelial growth rates at the limiting temperatures of 0 and 10°C, while vacuma isolates grew faster at the optimum temperature of 20°C. Similarly, there was no significant difference regarding pathogenicity on kiwifruit between transposa and vacuma isolates. However, artificial inoculations conducted on blossoms in the field showed that vacuma isolates caused significantly higher incidence of latent infections.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Luminescent Ag Nanoclusters with Antibacterial Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Fan Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chun-Po Bu ◽  
Guo-Qing Wang ◽  
Yan-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Strong Blue Emission ◽  
Ag Nanoclusters ◽  
Ag Ncs

This paper focuses on the synthesis of novel Ag nanoclusters (NCs) using DHLA as capping reagents in aqueous solution by a photoreduction method. Luminescence studies indicated that the DHLA-Ag NCs exhibited strong blue emission with maximum peak at 480 nm. The maximum emission of the NCs can be greatly improved with irradiating time by around 15-fold from 3 h to 67 h. By means of mycelium growth rate, the results showed that the Ag NCs with smaller sizes had a good antimicrobial effect.

The Research of Inhibition Mechanism and the Application on Botrytis cinerea of 5% Potash Alum Water Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Li ◽  
Qi Xin Xi ◽  
Sheng Yan Wen ◽  
Ying Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Rate Method

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species requiring new methods of control. In the present investigation, efficacy of potash alum, a traditionally known double salt in Indian and Chinese medicine system, was tested against fourteen plant pathogenic fungi, inhibition mechanism and field efficacy of 5% potash alum water solution (M1) against tomato gray mold caused by B. cinerea. The inhibition spectrum tests showed that M1 had some inhibition effect against fourteen pathologic fungi by adopting mycelium growth rate method. M1 had an inhibition rate of 81.5%, 100%, 100% and 93.58% against B. clnerea, P. aphanidermatum, F. equiset and S. sclerotiorum respectively. M1 could effectively inhibit mycelial growth, spores production and germination of B. cinerea. The results preliminary showed that M1 had no effect on tomato growth. Tomato gray mold caused by B. cinerea had effectively been prevented by using M1 with field efficacy, which control effect was 78.66%. So the study lay the groundwork for further research and application.

scholarly journals The effect of different substrates on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spawn growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
R Muslimin ◽  
H Hartono ◽  
R Rachmawaty ◽  
A Ali ◽  
M Junda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Alternative Substrates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mycelium Growth Rate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The study aimed to find alternative substrates for growing spawn of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three compositions of substrates. The substrate compositions were: (1) Substrate A (corn 100%), (2) Substrate B (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (1:1, v/v)), and (3) Substrate C (corn and sawdust mix in a ratio of (3:1, v/v)). All compositions were replicated 18 times. The complete colonization (days) and mycelium growth rate (cm day−1) were recorded. Means were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and duncan test was performed if there were significant between the substrate compositions. The results showed that substrate C was the best substrate indicated with the fastest complete colonization of 14.17±0.92 and the highest growth rate of 0.85±0.06 cm day−1.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THE NATIVE CROATIAN FLORA ON THE SUPPRESSION OF THE Botrytis cinerea FUNGUS IN GRAPEVINES

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Jelena Jelenić ◽  
◽  
Jelena Ilić ◽  
Jasenka Ćosić ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Suppression Effect

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of nine essential oils from the Croatian native flora (Mentha x piperita, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula hybrida, Origanum compactum, Thymus vulgaris, Hiperici oleum, Achillea millefolium and Helichrysum italicum) on the Botrytis cinerea mycelial growth suppression. The research results demonstrated that the oils of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha x pipereta in both investigated methods (the volatile and the macrodillution one) have exerted a positive influence on the suppression of mycelial growth. Also, the aforementioned oils had a fungistatic effect in all investigated concentrations long after 96 hours. The essential oils of Achillea millefolium and Hiperici oleum in the volatile method have not manifested a suppression effect, while the effect of suppression of a mycelial growth was recorded in the macrodillution method. The essential oil of Helichrysum italicum stimulated the growth of B. cinerea mycelium in both investigated methods. Considering a reduction of the mycelium growth, the essential oils, as a biocontrol agent, could be a positive substitution for the traditional pesticides in grapevine gray mold control. Additional investigation with regard to the essential oils in the Botrytis control are needed both the in vitro and the in vivo conditions.

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