scholarly journals Renal tumours of childhood: The last 100 years and where to from here

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Gordan Vujanic
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumour ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
Multicentre Trials ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Renal tumours of childhood represent a fascinating group of tumours in which very significant discoveries have been made in the last 100 years, leading to better understanding of these not only tumours but also tumour in general. By studying a large series of renal tumours of childhood collected through international multicentre trials, their clinico-pathological features have been better recognised resulting in more appropriate treatment and better prognosis, numerous new tumour entities have been identified, and thank to new molecular biology studies and techniques, many tumour genes and genetic abnormalities which are important in tumorigenesis have been found. The most common renal tumour of childhood is Wilms? tumour, which is now regarded as the most treatable tumour in children with overall survival of 90%. New multicentre trials are focused on reduction of treatment in order to avoid longterm sequalae of treatment, but without jeopardising these excellent survival results. Histopathological studies are searching for subtypes of Wilms? tumour, which could be treated with milder therapy, and in a recently launched trial patients will be stratified in different treatment groups on the basis of molecular features of their tumours. Molecular biology studies have helped us recognising that some renal tumours are identical to tumours of other sites (such as cellular mesoblastic nephroma and infantile fibrosarcoma of soft tissue, renal and extra-renal rhabdoid tumour), as well as that some tumours of other sites may also occur in the kidney (primitive neuroectodermal tumour, desmoplastic small round cell tumour, synovial sarcoma). Finally, some new, kidney-specific entities have been recognised too (metanephric stromal tumour, metanephric adenofibroma, anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney). It is very likely that new advances in molecular biology will result in identification of features, which are going to be even more important in predicting tumour behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis.

Imaging of Solid Kidney Tumours in Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hugosson ◽  
R. Nyman ◽  
B. Jacobsson ◽  
H. Jorulf ◽  
K. Sackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumour ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Mr Characteristics

Eighteen children aged 6 months to 12 years with 20 solid renal tumours; 13 Wilms' tumours (WT), 2 clear cell sarcomas of the kidney, 1 malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney and 2 cases of bilateral nephroblastomatosis with Wilms' tumour underwent evaluation with US, CT and MR imaging. Contrast-enhanced CT and non-enhanced MR were equally accurate in determining the size and origin of the tumour but were unreliable in separation of stages I, II and III. US could only accurately assess the size of the tumours. MR characteristics varied somewhat between WTs and non-WTs but contrast-enhanced MR imaging might be useful for separation of WTs from nephroblastomatosis.

Wilms and Other Renal Tumours

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Norbert Graf ◽  
Christophe Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
International Study ◽  
Clear Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Mesoblastic Nephroma ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumour ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma

This chapter discusses renal tumours in children and adolescents. Nephroblastoma or Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common childhood renal tumour, with an incidence of seven per one million children below 15 years of age. Diagnosis and treatment is done within prospective multicentre clinical trials conducted by large international study groups (International Society of Paediatric Oncology, SIOP; Children’s Oncology Group, COG). The outcome of WT is excellent, with around 90% survival rates, depending on age, stage histological subtyping, response to treatment, and molecular markers. Other renal tumours in childhood are clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), rhabdoid tumour of the kidney (RTK), renal-cell carcinoma (RCC), and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN). Their treatment and outcome is different to WT.

scholarly journals Metastasis of Ewing Sarcoma to the Pancreas: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hyma Polimera ◽  
Prashanth Moku ◽  
Shady Piedra Abusharar ◽  
Monali Vasekar ◽  
Jayakrishna Chintanaboina
Keyword(s):  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive malignant bone cancer. ES is part of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which express characteristic t(11;22) translocation as well as higher levels of CD99. Given that metastasis and tumor burden are significant prognostic factors in patient’s response to treatment, prompt diagnosis is needed to effectively treat ESFT patients. However, the challenges in classifying and characterizing ESFT complicate effective management and treatment of ES. In this report, we present a rare case of ES metastasis to the pancreas. Upon review of the literature, we found 39 cases of ESFT involving the pancreas, but only 3 were metastatic to the pancreas while the remaining cases of ESFT primarily originated from the pancreas. Given the rarity of such metastasis, the positive outcome in our patient’s case may explain the importance of prompt diagnosis in order to initiate appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Dissecting the Immune Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Biomedicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Davidson-Moncada ◽  
Elena Viboch ◽  
Sarah Church ◽  
Sarah Warren ◽  
Sergio Rutella
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly heterogeneous hematological malignancy with variable response to treatment. Recurring cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular lesions identify AML patient subgroups with different survival probabilities; however, 50–70% of AML cases harbor either normal or risk-indeterminate karyotypes. The discovery of better biomarkers of clinical success and failure is therefore necessary to inform tailored therapeutic decisions. Harnessing the immune system against cancer with programmed death-1 (PD-1)-directed immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and other immunotherapy agents is an effective therapeutic option for several advanced malignancies. However, durable responses have been observed in only a minority of patients, highlighting the need to gain insights into the molecular features that predict response and to also develop more effective and rational combination therapies that address mechanisms of immune evasion and resistance. We will review the state of knowledge of the immune landscape of AML and identify the broad opportunity to further explore this incompletely characterized space. Multiplexed, spatially-resolved immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry/mass cytometry, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches are advancing our understanding of the complexity of AML-immune interactions and are expected to support the design and expedite the delivery of personalized immunotherapy clinical trials.

scholarly journals Japan Scar Workshop (JSW) Scar Scale (JSS) for Assessing Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Rei Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Scar ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Scar Assessment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

AbstractThe Vancouver scar scale, the Manchester scar scale, and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) are all very well-known scar evaluation methods. These tools are based on a number of scar variables, including color, height, and pliability. However, since all were mainly developed to evaluate burn scars, they are difficult to use in clinical practice for keloids and hypertrophic scars. This is because these pathological scars require both differential diagnosis and a way to evaluate their response to therapy. The Japan Scar Workshop (JSW) has sought to develop a scar assessment scale that meets these clinical needs. The first version of this scar assessment tool was named the JSW scar scale (JSS), and it was reported in 2011. In 2015, the revised second version was reported. The JSS consists of two tables. One is a scar classification table that is used to determine whether the scar is a normal mature scar, a hypertrophic scar, or a keloid. This grading system helps the user to select the most appropriate treatment method for the scar. The other table in the JSS is an evaluation table that is used to judge the response to treatment and for follow-up. Both tables contain sample images of each subjective keloid/hypertrophic scar item that allow the user to evaluate each item without hesitation.

Urological neoplasia

2013 ◽  
pp. 235-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reynard ◽  
Simon Brewster ◽  
Suzanne Biers
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Renal Masses

Basic pathology and molecular biology 236 Wilms’ tumour and neuroblastoma 238 Radiological assessment of renal masses 242 Benign renal masses 244 Renal cell carcinoma: pathology, staging, and prognosis 246 Renal cell carcinoma: epidemiology and aetiology 250 Renal cell carcinoma: presentation and investigation 252 Renal cell carcinoma (localized): surgical treatment I ...

scholarly journals MLTI-14. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TREATMENT PARADIGMS FOR PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER AND ONE OR MORE BRAIN METASTASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i17-i17
Author(s):  
Yosef Ellenbogen ◽  
Karanbir Brar ◽  
Nebras Warsi ◽  
Jetan Badhiwala ◽  
Alireza Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BACKGROUND: Upwards of 50% of patients with advanced breast cancer are diagnosed with brain metastases (BM). Treatment options for these patients have been rapidly evolving due to increased understanding of the tumor pathophysiology and its genetic underpinnings. This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to clarify the evidence guiding the treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, ClincialTrials.gov, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 2018 for RCTs comparing treatments for breast cancer BM. We screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias independently and in duplicate. Outcomes assessed were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (Grade 3+). RESULTS: Among 3188 abstracts, only 3 RCTs (N=412; mean sample size per group N=54.7) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. The studies were phase II or III open-label parallel superiority trials. Inclusion criteria among these trials consisted of age >18 with radiologic evidence of >1 BM. Exclusion criteria consisted of poor-performance functional status (ECOG >2 or KPS < 70). The treatment groups included whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) vs WBRT + Temozolomide, WBRT vs WBRT + Efaproxiral, and Afatinib vs Vinorelbine vs investigators’ choice (86% of these patients received WBRT or SRS prior to study enrolment). While two trials found no significant difference in OS, one trial found significant improvement in OS with Efaproxiral in addition to WBRT compared to WBRT alone (HR 0.52; 95%CI 0.332–0.816). No significant differences were found with PFS or rate of adverse events amongst treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence of breast cancer BM and our improved understanding of genomic/molecular features of these tumors, a greater number of RCTs dedicated at this disease are needed.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: The UMBRELLA SIOP–RTSG 2016 Wilms tumour pathology and molecular biology protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
Gordan M. Vujanić ◽  
◽  
Manfred Gessler ◽  
Ariadne H. A. G. Ooms ◽  
Paola Collini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Tumour Pathology

scholarly journals Systemic toxic reaction due to multiple honeybee stings in equine: Case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Fonteque ◽  
R.P. Mendes ◽  
A.F. Souza ◽  
M.C.S. Granella ◽  
J. Schade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Toxic Reaction ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Accidents caused by insects of the Hymenoptera are rarely described in large animals. The attacks caused by honeybee (Apis mellifera) may cause severe consequences and its intensity changes according to the number of stings. Local and systemic reactions can occur, including progression to death. This report describes a case of honeybee attack on an equine, which took place in the city of Lages, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In the clinical assessment the horse showed apathy, anorexia, head and pectoral edemas, dyspnea, icteric mucosa, increased mandibular lymph nodes and darkened urine. The blood count showed anemia and serum biochemical tests suggested, muscular and hepatic lesions. The urinalysis test indicated hemoglobinuria and increased clotting time. Treatment included lactate Ringer’s solution fluid therapy, furosemide, promethazine, corticosteroids and 20% mannitol solution. Hot and cold compresses were applied alternately on areas with edema. There was a satisfactory response to treatment and the animal was discharged after 30 days in veterinary hospital. The description of honeybee sting accidents in large animals is important because of the evolution that can lead to death. The early approach associated with appropriate treatment, avoiding the worsening of the lesions is fundamental for the recovery of the patient.

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