scholarly journals Oral lesions in patients with psychiatric disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jovanovic ◽  
Ivanka Gajic ◽  
Bojan Mandic ◽  
Jelena Mandic ◽  
Vlada Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Taste Changes ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Healthy Persons

Introduction. Oral diseases in psychiatric patients are usually a result of bad oral hygiene and psychopharmaceutical side-effects. Objective. The aim of this study was to detect oral lesions in patients hospitalized in psychiatric institutions with the confirmed diagnosis of psychiatric illness and mood disorder with psychotic characteristics, as well as to discover the factors that can influence these oral lesions. Methods. Cross-section study consisted of 186 hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders in the experimental group, out of whom 87 were males and 99 females. Patients were aged from 18 to 59 years, mean age 46.0?8.0 years. The control group consisted of 186 healthy persons matched for age and gender. Data on oral lesions were obtained within history and clinical examination of the oral cavity. Other medical data were collected from medical documentation. Statistical analysis was performed by Student?s t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. Results. Dry mouth was registered in 78.5% of patients. The difference in tongue and lip lesions, burning and stinging symptoms, bruxism, facial pain, low saliva rates, halitosis, taste changes and swallowing difficulties between the patients and healthy persons was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). Age and gender, as well as the factors of main disease, influence burning and stinging, bruxism, low saliva rates, swallowing difficulties, taste changes and facial pain of the psychiatric patients. Conclusion. Results imply that psychiatric patients are more frequently involved with oral lesions than healthy persons. It is necessary to organize specific preventive and educational oral health programmes with these patients, as well as with doctors who treat the basic illness.

scholarly journals Health habits, attitudes and behavior towards oral health of psychiatric patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jovanovic ◽  
Ivanka Gajic ◽  
Jelena Mandic ◽  
Bojan Mandic
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Healthy Persons

Introduction. People with psychiatric disorders are at high risk of oral diseases due to the impact of their primary psychiatric condition and the side-effects of antipsychotic medications. Objective. The aim of this study was to identify habits, attitudes and behavior towards oral health of hospitalized psychiatric patients with psychotic disorders, including mood disorders with psychotic characteristics, as well as to identify factors that could influence those habits, attitudes and behavior. Methods. The experimental group consisted of 186 hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders (87 males and 99 females), aged from 18 to 59 years (mean age 46.0?8.0 years). The control group consisted of 186 healthy persons matched for age and gender. Data were obtained by using specially designed questionnaires with questions about the subjects' social, economic and demographic characteristics, as well as their habits, attitudes and behaviour concerning their oral health, in a form of a standardized interview. Other medical data were collected from medical documentation of disease history. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA, Logistic Regression and simultaneous multiple regression. Results. Psychiatric patients have worse habits, attitudes and behavior concerning their oral health in comparison with healthy persons (p<0.001): they wash their teeth more rarely and in a shorter time, have less knowledge of oral diseases and their effect on general health, and visit their dentist more rarely. The obtained results depend on social, economic and demographic characteristics and on the underlying illness of patients. Conclusion. Health educational work concerning oral health of patients should be included in psychiatric treatment, as a part of an existing therapy with the aim of improving the general quality of their life.

Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in young child psychiatric outpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Huhdanpää ◽  
Liisa Klenberg ◽  
Hannu Westerinen ◽  
Tuija Fontell ◽  
Eeva T Aronen
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Problem ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Daytime Somnolence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
And Gender

Background: Sleep may underlie psychiatric symptoms in young children. However, not many studies have reported on sleep and its associations with symptoms in young child psychiatric patients. Objectives: To assess the amount and quality of sleep and how sleep associates with psychiatric symptoms in young child psychiatric patients. Furthermore, we evaluated how sleep and daytime somnolence differed in patients and their age- and gender-matched controls. Method: The sample consisted of 139 3- to 7-year-old child psychiatric outpatients and 139 age- and gender-matched controls from community. We evaluated sleep and daytime somnolence with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children in all children and psychiatric symptoms with Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) in the patient group. Family background information was collected from the patients. Results: Of the patients, 31.6% had a significant sleep problem and 14.4% slept too little. The most typical sleep problems were restless sleep (31.7%), morning tiredness (21.6%) and difficulties getting to sleep at night (18.7%). All types of sleep problems were associated with CBCL total, internalising and externalising problems (all p-values < .01). We observed a strong association between all types of sleep problems and emotionally reactive subscale ( p-value < .001). Furthermore, parent-reported sleep problems increased significantly the risk of having high scores on total (odds ratio (OR) = 5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [2.2, 12.6], p < .001), external (OR = 3.7, 95%, CI = [1.6, 8.5], p < .01) and internal (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = [1.1, 5.5], p < .05) scores after controlling for age, gender, family structure and parent’s educational level. Even mild sleep disturbance increased the intensity of psychiatric symptoms. Compared to controls, patients slept less ( p < .001) and had significantly more frequent restless sleep, nightmares and morning and daytime somnolence. Conclusion: Sleep problems and too little sleep are prevalent in young child psychiatric patients, and they relate strongly to the intensity of psychiatric symptoms. Identification and treatment of sleep problems should be a routine part of the treatment plan for young child psychiatric patients. The results emphasise the need for assessing sleep in young child psychiatric patients, as treating the sleep problem may reduce psychiatric symptoms.

scholarly journals The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Development and Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-item in Psychiatric Patients and the General Public for Easier Mental Health Measurement in a Post-COVID-19 World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Ali ◽  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees ◽  
Hiroaki Hori ◽  
Yoshiharu Kim ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Despite extensive investigations of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) since its development in 1995, its factor structure and other psychometric properties still need to be firmly established, with several calls for revising its item structure. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study examined the factor structure of the DASS-21 and five shortened versions of the DASS-21 among psychiatric patients (N = 168) and the general public (N = 992) during the COVID-19 confinement period in Saudi Arabia. Multigroup CFA, Mann Whitney W test, Spearman&rsquo;s correlation, and coefficient alpha were used to examine the shortened versions of the DASS-21 (DASS-13, DASS-12, DASS-9 (two versions), and DASS-8) for invariance across age and gender groups, discriminant validity, predictive validity, item coverage, and internal consistency, respectively. Compared with the DASS-21, all three-factor structures of the shortened versions expressed good fit, with the DASS-8 demonstrating the best fit and highest item loadings on the corresponding factors in both samples (&chi;2(16, 15) = 16.5, 67.0; p = 0.420, 0.000; CFI= 1.000, 0.998; TLI = 0.999, 0.997; RMSEA = 0.013, 0.059, SRMR = 0.0186, 0.0203). It expressed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across age and gender groups. Its internal consistency was comparable to other versions (&alpha; = 0.94). Strong positive correlations of the DASS-8 and its subscales with the DASS-21 and its subscales (r = 0.97 to 0.81) suggest adequate item coverage and good predictive validity of this version. The DASS-8 and its subscales distinguished the clinical sample from the general public at the same level of significance expressed by the DASS-21 and other shortened versions, supporting its discriminant validity. Neither the DASS-21 nor the shortened versions distinguished patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety from other conditions. The DASS-8 represents a valid short version of the DASS-21, which may be useful in research and clinical practice for quick identification of individuals with potential psychopathologies. Diagnosing depression/anxiety disorders may be further confirmed in a next step by clinician-facilitated examinations. Brevity of the DASS-21 would save time and effort used for filling the questionnaire and support comprehensive assessments by allowing the inclusion of more measures on test batteries.

scholarly journals ETIOLOŠKI DEJAVNIKI ZA NASTANEK POLIPA NA GLASILKAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DAŠA GLUVAJIĆ ◽  
IRENA HOČEVAR BOLTEŽAR
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Polyp Formation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Background: Vocal fold polyp is one of the most common causes for hoarseness. Many different etiological factors contribute to vocal fold polyp formation. The aim of the study was to find out whether the etiological factors for polyp formation have changed in the last 30 years.Methods: Eighty-one patients with unilateral vocal fold polyp were included in the study. A control group was composed of 50 volunteers without voice problems who matched the patients by age and gender. The data about etiological factors and the findings of phoniatric examination were obtained from the patients' medical documentation and from the questionnaires for the control group. The incidence of etiological factors was compared between the two groups. The program SPSS, Version 18 was used for statistical analysis.Results: The most frequent etiological factors were occupational voice load, GER, allergy and smoking. In 79% of patients 2 – 6 contemporary acting risk factors were found. Occupational voice load (p=0,018) and GER (p=0,004) were significantly more frequent in the patients than in the controls. The other factors did not significantly influence the polyp formation.Conclusions: There are several factors involved simultaneously in the formation of vocal fold polyps both nowadays and 30 years ago. Some of the most common factors remain the same (voice load, smoking), others are new (GER, allergy), which is probably due to the different lifestyle and working conditions than 30 years ago. Occupational voice load and GER were significantly more frequently present in the patients with polyp than in the control group. Regarding the given results it is important to instruct workers with professional vocal load about etiological factors for vocal fold polyp formation.

scholarly journals A study of serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Swaroopa Subhash ◽  
R. S. Bindu ◽  
Pradeep S. Nair ◽  
Anuja Elizabeth George
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: Primary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus (LP) and normal subjects. The secondary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels of LP patients with and without oral lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study comparing the serum cortisol levels in patients with LP with that of age- and gender-matched normal subjects who attended a tertiary referral centre. Results: There were a total of 52 patients with LP in this study. The mean age was 48.1 ± 12.6 years. Male/female ratio was 1:1.9. Fifteen (28.8%) patients gave a history of recent stress in the 1 month before the onset of illness. Classical LP (34, 65.4%) was the most common type. Oral cavity was involved in 24 patients (46.2%). The mean serum cortisol level of patients with LP was higher than the same noted in age- and gender-matched normal subjects and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) was noted between the serum cortisol levels of patients with different types of LP. No significant difference in the cortisol levels was observed between LP patients with and without oral lesions. Limitations: The main limitation of the study was the small sample size. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in serum cortisol levels in patients with LP when compared to normal subjects, while no significant difference was noted in cortisol levels between LP patients with and without oral lesions.

Immunoglobulin levels in manic patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Baker ◽  
AFM Nazmus Sadat ◽  
Md. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Sk. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Abul Hasnat
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Manic Patients ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels ◽  
Igg Level

The aim of this study was to determine the serum immunoglobulin concentration in both manic patients and in healthy volunteers. The study was conducted with 30 manic patients (24 males and 6 females, aged 55.4 ± 13.0 years); age and gender-matched, control subjects were enrolled. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to analyze the serum immunoglobulin concentrations. IgG level was found to be 18.22±6.42 g/L in the manic patients, while it was 16.05 ± 3.45 g/l in the cohort controls (p=0.487). IgM and IgA concentrations were 6.025 ± 1.07 g/l and 1.41 ± 0.51 g/l in the manic patients, whereas those were 5.73 ± 1.63 g/l (p=0.688) and 0.837 ± 0.36 g/l (p=0.034) respectively in controls. From the results it was found that only the serum concentration of IgA was increased significantly (p=0.034) in manic patients while the concentrations of IgG and IgM remained unchanged. In many psychiatric disorders, immunoglobulin level has been found to be changed significantly. This study reveals that the concentration of IgA in manic patients increased significantly (p=0.034) which usually happens in case of many psychiatric patients. Further studies are suggested with larger population to find out the correlation between immunoglobulin level and degree of disorder and possibility of using as a diagnostic tool for the identification of this disease. Key words: Immunoglobulin, manic, psychiatry. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

scholarly journals A case-control study on body composition of teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Marinov ◽  
T Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of spinal abnormality. It affects about 2-3% of all teenagers. Its etiology remains unknown but studies suggest that multiple factors may play a role. A growing body of evidence supports the role of body composition abnormalities including low body mass index (BMI) and low body fat percentage (BF%) as risk factors for AIS development. This study aimed to evaluate these indicators in a group of teenagers with AIS and compare them to age and gender-matched controls. Methods The study included 98 adolescents with AIS and 73 controls aged 11-18 years from Varna, Bulgaria. Data was collected after receiving informed consent from the parents. Data on AIS diagnosis and severity was collected from the available medical documentation. Anthropometrics were measured using calibrated Tanita BC-420MA (ISSO 9001) and following ESPEN guidelines. BMI for age and BF% for age were estimated using WHO Child Growth Standards and BF% reference curves for children. Results In the AIS group, 15% were underweight with BMI for age under -2SD. 11% were above +1SD indicating a risk of overweight or obesity. In comparison, 7% of the control group were underweight while 32% were at risk of being overweight or obese. There is a statistically significant difference between the BMI for age in the two groups (χ2=19.564 Đ¿рĐ, p &lt; 0.005). In the AIS group, 47% had BF% for age under the 2nd percentile indicating underfat, while 7% of AIS cases had BF% for age above the 85th percentile indicating they are overfat or obese. In comparison, 15% of the control group were underfat while 19% were overfat or obese. There is a statistically significant difference between the BF% for age in the two groups (χ2=21,504 Đ¿рĐ, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Children with AIS are more likely to be underweight and underfat compared to their healthy peers. Cases of having a high BF% and being overweight or obese are scarce amongst AIS patients. Key messages The majority of children with AIS have abnormal body composition compared to healthy age and gender-matched controls. Aspects of the nutritional status may play a role in the etiology of AIS. Children with low body fat might be at a higher risk of developing AIS. AIS screening programs should be directed towards underweight children.

scholarly journals The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Development and Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-Item in Psychiatric Patients and the General Public for Easier Mental Health Measurement in a Post COVID-19 World

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10142
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees ◽  
Hiroaki Hori ◽  
Yoshiharu Kim ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Despite extensive investigations of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) since its development in 1995, its factor structure and other psychometric properties still need to be firmly established, with several calls for revising its item structure. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study examined the factor structure of the DASS-21 and five shortened versions of the DASS-21 among psychiatric patients (N = 168) and the general public (N = 992) during the COVID-19 confinement period in Saudi Arabia. Multigroup CFA, Mann Whitney W test, Spearman’s correlation, and coefficient alpha were used to examine the shortened versions of the DASS-21 (DASS-13, DASS-12, DASS-9 (two versions), and DASS-8) for invariance across age and gender groups, discriminant validity, predictive validity, item coverage, and internal consistency, respectively. Compared with the DASS-21, all three-factor structures of the shortened versions expressed good fit, with the DASS-8 demonstrating the best fit and highest item loadings on the corresponding factors in both samples (χ2(16, 15) = 16.5, 67.0; p = 0.420, 0.001; CFI = 1.000, 0.998; TLI = 0.999, 0.997; RMSEA = 0.013, 0.059, SRMR = 0.0186, 0.0203). The DASS-8 expressed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across age and gender groups. Its internal consistency was comparable to other versions (α = 0.94). Strong positive correlations of the DASS-8 and its subscales with the DASS-21 and its subscales (r = 0.97 to 0.81) suggest adequate item coverage and good predictive validity of this version. The DASS-8 and its subscales distinguished the clinical sample from the general public at the same level of significance expressed by the DASS-21 and other shortened versions, supporting its discriminant validity. Neither the DASS-21 nor the shortened versions distinguished patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety from each other or from other psychiatric conditions. The DASS-8 represents a valid short version of the DASS-21, which may be useful in research and clinical practice for quick identification of individuals with potential psychopathologies. Diagnosing depression/anxiety disorders may be further confirmed in a next step by clinician-facilitated examinations. Brevity of the DASS-21 would save time and effort used for filling the questionnaire and support comprehensive assessments by allowing the inclusion of more measures on test batteries.

scholarly journals Medication swallowing difficulties in people without dysphagia

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Flavia Souza ◽  
Weslania Viviane Nascimento ◽  
Leda Maria Tavares Alves ◽  
Ana Cristina Viana Silva ◽  
Rachel Aguiar Cassiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the difficulty in swallowing medications and correlate it with age and gender in healthy adults and elderly. Methods: a total of 439 asymptomatic healthy volunteers (270 females and 169 males), who were not taking any medication on a regular basis, aged from 20 to 84 years, were questioned as for dysphagia, by using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Question number five of the EAT-10, specifically, approached the difficulty in swallowing drugs, considering zero as “no swallowing problem” and 1 to 4 as “some degree of difficulty” (4 as great difficulty).The chi-square test (x2) was used for the statistical analysis. Results: a total of 365 (83%) volunteers reported having no difficulty in swallowing medications (89% of men and 80% of women), whereas 74 (17%) reported some degree of difficulty (11% of men and 20% of women)(p = 0.01). These represented 20% of those aged between 20 and 49, and 9% of those aged 50 and over (p = 0.02). Conclusion: in this study, it was observed that both age and gender influence on medication swallowing, a difficulty more frequent among women and young adults. Some degree of difficulty was reported by 17% of the volunteers.

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